Data (Lok Sabha Elections)

1952 Elections
Seats per Party
400
364
350

300 Indian National Congress

Communist Party of India
250 Samajwadi Party
Seats

200 Kisaan Majdoor Praja Party

Others
150

100 88

50
16 12 9
0

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

32.20%
Samajvadi Party
45.00%
Kisaan Majdoor Praja Party

Communist Party of India

3.10% Bhartiya Jan Sangh

3.30%
10.60% Others
5.80%

Electors: 26,52,41,358
Votes Polled: 18,20,75,041
Turnout: 68.6%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 403
Bye Election Results: 32
1957 Elections
Seats per Party
400 371
350

300 Indian National Congress

Communist Party of India
250 Praja Socialist Party
Seats

200 Gantantra Patry

Others
150

100 70
50 27 19 7
0

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

25.20% Praja Socialist Party
Communist Party of Inida
47.80% Bhartiya Jan Sangh
1.70% Scheduled Castes Federa-
6.00% tion
Others
8.90%

10.40%

Electors: 26,52,41,358
Votes Polled: 18,20,75,041
Turnout: 68.6%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 403
Bye Election Results: 32
1962 Elections
Seats per Party
400
361
350

300 Indian National Congress

Communist Party of India
250 Swatantra Party
Seats

200 Jana Sangh

Others
150

100 72
50 29 18 14
0

Vote Shares %

24.30% Indian National Congress

Communist Party of Inida
Swatantra Party
44.70%
Praja Swatantra Party
6.40% Jana Sangh
Others
6.80%

9.90%
7.90%

Electors: 21,63,61,569
Votes Polled: 11,98,96,443
Turnout: 55.4%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 494
Bye Election Results: 20
1967 Elections
Seats per Party
300 283

250
Indian National Congress
Swatantra
200
Bhartiya Jan Sangh
Seats

Dravida Munnetra
150 133 Kazhagam
Others
100

50 44 35
25

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

31.20% Bhartiya Jan Sangh
40.80% Swatantra
Communist Party of India
Samyukta Socialist Party
Others

4.90%
5.10% 8.70% 9.30%

Electors: 25,02,07,401
Votes Polled: 15,26,97,161
Turnout: 61.0%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 520
Bye Election Results: 32
1971 Elections
Seats per Party
400
352
350
Indian National Congress
300 Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
250 Communist Party of India
Seats

Dravida Munnetra
200 Kazhagam
150 Bhartiya Jan Sangh
Others
100 73
50 25 23 23 22
0

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

28.70% Natinalist Congress Party
Bhartiya Jan Sangh
43.70%
Community Party of India
(Marxist)
Community Party of India
Others
4.70%

5.10%
10.40%
7.40%

Electors: 27,41,89,132
Votes Polled: 15,15,36,802
Turnout: 55.3%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 518
Bye Election Results: 16
1977 Elections
Seats per Party
300
259
250 Bhartiya Lok Dal
Indian National Congress
200 Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
154
Seats

All India Anna Dravida

150 Munnetra Kazhagam
Shiromani Akali Dal
100 Others

50 44
22 18 9
0

Vote Shares %

Bhartiya Lok Dal

2.80% 14.20% Indian National Congress
2.90% Communist Party of Inida
(Marxist)
4.30% 41.30% All India Anna Dravida
Munnetra Kazhagam
Communist Party of Inida
Others

34.50%

Electors: 32,11,74,327
Votes Polled: 19,42,63,915
Turnout: 60.5%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
Bye Election Results: 12
1980 Elections
Seats per Party
400
353
350
Indian National Congress (I)
300 Janata Party (S)
Communist Party of India
250 (Marxist)
Seats

Janata Party
200
Dravida Munnetra
150 Kazhagam
Others
100
41 51
50 37 31
16
0

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress (I)

17.40% Janata Party
Janata Party (S)
5.30% Communist Party of India
42.70% (Marxist)
6.20% Indian National Congress
(U)
9.40% Others

19.00%

Electors: 35,62,05,329
Votes Polled: 20,27,52,893
Turnout: 56.9%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
Bye Election Results: 23
1984 Elections
Seats per Party
450
415
400
350 Indian National Congress
Telugu Desam Party
300 Communist Party of India
250 (Marxist)
Seats

All India Anna Dravida

200 Munnetra Kazhagam
150 Others

100
63
50 30 22 12
0

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

26.50%
Bhartiya Janata Party
Janata Party
48.10% Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
5.60% Lok Dal
Others

5.70%
7.40%
6.70%

Electors: 40,03,75,333
Votes Polled: 25,62,94,963
Turnout: 64.0%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
Bye Election Results: 26
1989 Elections
Seats per Party
250

197 Indian National Congress

200
Janata Dal
Bhartiya Janata Party
150 143
Communist Party of India
Seats

(Marxist)
Communist Party of India
100 85
Others
59
50 33
12
0

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

21.50% Janata Dal
Bhartiya Janata Party
39.50% Communist Party of India
3.30%
(Marxist)
6.50% Telugu Desam Party
Others
8.90%

17.80%

Electors: 49,89,06,129
Votes Polled: 30,90,50,495
Turnout: 61.9%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
1991 Elections
Seats per Party
300

250 244
Indian National Congress
Bhartiya Janata Party
200 Janata Dal
Communist Party of India
Seats

150 (Marxist)
120 Communist Party of India
100 Others
59 62
50 35
14
0

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

22.40%
Bhartiya Janata Party
36.00% Janata Dal
3.30% Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
6.10% Janata Party
Others
11.70%

20.10%

Electors: 51,15,33,598
Votes Polled: 28,58,56,465
Turnout: 55.9%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
Bye Election Results: 17
1996 Elections
Seats per Party
180
161
160
140 144
Bhartiya Janata Party
140
Indian National Congress
120 Janata Dal
100 Communist Party of India
Seats

(Marxist)
80 Trinamool Congress
60 Other
46
40 32
20
20
0

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

28.80% Bhartiya Janata Party
32.70%
Janata Dal
Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
Bahujan Samaj Party
Others
20.30%
4.00%
6.10% 8.10%

Electors: 59,25,72,288
Votes Polled: 34,33,08,090
Turnout: 57.9%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
Bye Election Results: 9
1998 Elections
Seats per Party
400 371
350
Bhartiya Janata Party
300 Indian National Congress
Communist Party of India
250 (Marxist)
Seats

Samajvadi Party
200
Anna Dravida Munnetra
150 Kazhagam
150
Others
100

50 27 19 7 18
0

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

25.80% Bhatiya Janata Party
33.80% Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
Samajvadi Party
Bahujan Samajvadi Party
Others
25.60%
4.70%
4.90%
5.20%

Electors: 60,58,80,192
Votes Polled: 37,54,41,739
Turnout: 62.0%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
Bye Election Results: 2
1999 Elections
Seats per Party
200
182
180
159 Bhartiya Janata Party
160
Indian National Congress
140
Communist Party of India
120 114 (Marxist)
Seats

100 Telugu Dessam Party

Samajwadi Party
80
Others
60
40 33 29 26
20
0

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

28.30% Bhatiya Janata Party
34.50% Communist Party of Inida
(Marxist)
Bahujan Samaj Party
Samajwadi Party
Others

23.80%
3.80%
4.20%
5.40%

Electors: 61,95,36,847
Votes Polled: 37,16,69,104
Turnout: 60.0 %
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
Bye Election Results: 25
2004 Elections
Seats per Party
180
160 157
145
138 Indian National Congress
140
Bhartiya Janata Party
120 Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
100
Seats

Samajwadi Party
80 Rashtriya Janata Dal
60 Others
43
40 36
24
20
0

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

26.50% Bhartiya Janata Party
36.00% Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
Bahujan Samaj Party
Samajwadi Party
Others
22.20%

4.30%
5.30%
5.70%
Electors: 67,14,87,930
Votes Polled: 38,93,42,364
Turnout: 58.0%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
Bye Election Results: 48
2009 Elections
Seats per Party
250

206
200 Indian National Congress
157 Bhartiya Janata Party
150 Samajwadi Party
Seats

Bahujan Samaj Party

116
Janata Dal (U)
100 Others

50
23 21 20

Vote Shares %

Indian National Congress

25.20% Bhatiya Janata Party
28.60%
Bahujan Samaj Party
Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
Samajwadi Party
Others
3.40%

5.30% 18.80%

6.20%

Electors: 71,69,85,104
Votes Polled: 41,70,87,209
Turnout: 58.2%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
Bye Election Results: 13
2014 Elections
Seats per Party
300 282

250 Bhartiya Janata Party

Indian National Congress
200 Anna Dravida Munnetra
Kazhagam
Seats

All India Trinamool

150 Congress
126
Biju Janata Dal
100 Others

50 44 37 34
20
0

Vote Shares %

Bhartiya Janata Party

31.30% Indian National Congress
37.70% Bahujan Samaj Party
All India Trinamool
Congress
Samajwadi Party
Others

19.50%
3.40%
3.90%
4.20%
Electors: 83,41,01,479
Votes Polled: 55,38,01,801
Turnout: 66.4 %
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
2019 Elections
Seats per Party
350
303
300 Bhartiya Janata Party
Indian National Congress
250 Dravida Munnetra
Kazhagam
200 All India Tianomool
Seats

Congress
150 Yuvajana Sramika Rythu
120 Congress Party
100 Others
52
50
23 22 22
0

Vote Shares %

Bhartiya Janata Party

32.20% Indian National Congress
37.70% All India Trinamool
Congress
Bahunjan Samaj Party
Samajwadi Party
Others
2.60%
3.70%
19.70%
4.10%

Electors: 88,05,32,803
Votes Polled: 61,20,81,902
Turnout: 69.5%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 542
2024 Elections
Seats per Party
300

250 240 Bhartiya Janata Party

Indian Nationa Congress
200 Samajwadi Party
All Inida Trinamool
Seats

Congress
150
Dravida Munnetra
116
99 Kazhagam
100 Others

50 37 29 22
0

Vote Shares %

Bhatiya Janata Party

30.60% Indian National Congress
36.90% Samajwadi Party
All India Trianmool
Congress
Bahujan Samaj Party
Others
2.10%
4.40%
4.60% 21.40%

Electors: 97,76,57,252
Votes Polled: 64,53,63,445
Turnout: 66.0%
Parliamentary Constituencies: 543
Data Analysis
State-wise voting Percentage in 2024 Lok Sabha Elections

83.88%
West Bengal 82.92%
81.62%
Sikkim 80.03%
79.66%
Manipur 78.78%
76.37%
Meghalaya 75.28%
75.20%
Goa 74.38%
73.91%
Chhattisgarh 73.51%
72.32%
Kerala 70.21%
69.76%
Haryana 69.30%
69.00%
Rajasthan 67.56%
67.27%
Jharkhand 66.95%
65.96%
Gujarat 64.11%
60.19%
Maharashtra 60.19%
58.29%
Bihar 57.81%
56.91%
Mizoram 56.60%
54.85%
Uttarakhand 54.81%
Based on the state wise voting percentages in the 2024 Indian general elections, several
conclusions can be drawn:
1. Regional Variations in Voter Turnout:
 The voter turnout varied significantly across different states and union territories. For
example, states like Lakshadweep (83.88%) and regions in West Bengal (82.92%)
recorded very high voter turnouts, indicating strong electoral engagement in these
areas.
 In contrast, states like Uttar Pradesh (54.85%) and Uttarakhand (54.81%) had
relatively low voter turnouts, suggesting potential voter apathy or other factors that
discouraged participation.
2. Northeastern States Showed Strong Engagement:
 Several northeastern states exhibited strong voter turnout, with Tripura at 81.62%,
Assam at 79.66%, and Manipur at 78.78%. This indicates a high level of political
engagement and participation in the democratic process in these regions.
3. Urban vs. Rural Dynamics:
 Urban areas, particularly in Delhi (around 60.19%), showed moderate participation.
This may reflect the challenges of voter mobilization in urban settings where
residents might be less inclined to vote due to factors such as work commitments,
lack of interest, or dissatisfaction with the political process.
4. Impact of Local Factors:
 The variations in voter turnout might also be influenced by local factors, such as the
effectiveness of election campaigns, local issues, or the presence of competitive
candidates. For instance, Tamil Nadu saw a turnout of 69.76%, slightly lower than in
previous elections, which could be due to the changing political landscape in the
state.
5. Potential for Electoral Reforms:
 The disparities in voter turnout across states suggest the need for targeted electoral
reforms. States with lower voter turnout might benefit from increased voter
awareness campaigns, better voter facilities, and addressing issues that deter voter
participation.
6. Stable Turnout in Key States:
 Some key states like Karnataka (69%) and Kerala (70.21%) maintained stable voter
turnout, indicating consistent electoral engagement despite changes in the political
environment.
Overall, the 2024 elections highlighted the diverse electoral behaviour across India, with
some regions showing enthusiastic participation while others lagged, emphasizing the need
for region-specific strategies to enhance voter engagement.
 0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
19
52
19

200000000
400000000
600000000
800000000
1000000000
1200000000

0
57 19
52
19 19
62 57
19 19
67 62
19 19
71 67
19 19
77 71
19 19
Electoral from 1951 – 2024

80 77
19 19
84 80
19 19
89 84
19 19
89

Turnout
Electoral

91 19
19 91
96 19
19 96
98 19
19 98
99 19
20 99
04 20
20 04
09 20
20 09
14 20
14
20 20
19 19
20 20
24 24
The two graphs you provided represent the trends in the total electoral population and voter
turnout percentages in Indian general elections from 1952 to 2024. Here are some
conclusions based on these graphs:
1. Increasing Electoral Population:
 The first graph shows a steady and significant increase in the electoral population
over time. From 1952 to 2024, the number of eligible voters has grown substantially,
reflecting India's population growth and the expansion of democratic participation.
 The rise is particularly sharp post-1990, corresponding to population booms and
perhaps more robust voter registration efforts.
2. Fluctuating Voter Turnout:
 The second graph shows that voter turnout has varied over the years but remains
within a relatively consistent range, generally between 55% and 70%.
 High turnout in the 1957 elections reflects early enthusiasm in the newly independent
nation, while a noticeable drop occurred in subsequent elections (especially in the late
1950s and early 1960s). This might be attributed to initial disenchantment or logistical
challenges.
 In more recent elections (post-2004), there appears to be a modest increase in voter
turnout, possibly due to improved electoral processes, voter awareness campaigns,
and the mobilization of urban and rural voters alike.
3. Post-2000 Trends:
 From around the 2000s onwards, there seems to be a stabilization or slight increase in
turnout, aligning with efforts to make elections more inclusive and accessible (e.g.,
through voter education, better voter rolls, and the introduction of Electronic Voting
Machines).
4. Discrepancy Between Electoral Growth and Turnout:
 While the electoral population has grown dramatically, voter turnout has not seen a
commensurate increase, indicating that voter apathy, logistical challenges, or other
factors might be limiting higher turnout rates.
 This discrepancy suggests potential areas for electoral reforms to encourage greater
voter participation and ensure that the growing electorate is fully engaged in the
democratic process.
5. Impact of Socio-Political Factors:
 The fluctuations in voter turnout may also reflect the influence of various socio-
political events, such as the Emergency period in the 1970s, the liberalization era in
the 1990s, and the rise of coalition politics, all of which could have affected voter
motivation.
In summary, while the electoral base has grown rapidly in India, voter turnout has fluctuated,
with some improvement in recent years, suggesting a need for continued efforts to engage the
electorate fully.

Impact of Electoral Reforms

Reform Major Reform Impact on Turnout
Year (%)
1982 Introduction of Electronic Voting Machines Slight rise to 61.9%
(EVMs)
1991 Improved voter registration processes Moderate rise to 58.0%
2004 Expansion of voter awareness campaigns Consistent turnout
2019 Use of social media and digital campaigning Increase to 69.5%

Geographic Analysis of Voter Turnout

State Voter Turnout (%) - 2024
West Bengal 82.9
Uttar Pradesh 54.8
Lakshadweep 83.9
Delhi 60.2
Assam 79.7
Kerala 70.2
 Voter Turnout (%) - 2024

Kerala

Assam

Delhi

Lakshadweep

Uttar Pradesh

West Bengal

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Voter Turnout (%) - 2024

Party Dynamics Over Time

Yea Congress Seats BJP Seats Other Party Seats
r
195 364 N/A 88
2
198 353 31 159
0
199 145 161 144
6
201 44 282 217
4
202 99 240 204
4
 Party Dynamics Over Time
2024

2014

1996
Year

1980

1952

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Seats

Congress Seats BJP Seats Other Party Seats

Voter Behaviour Trends

Yea Women Voters (%) Youth Voters (%) Urban Voters
r (%)
195 40 30 20
2
198 48 32 25
0
200 55 40 35
0
202 60 50 45
4
 Voter Behaviour Trends
70

60

50
Percentage

40

30

20

10

0
1952 1980 2000 2024
Year

Women Voters (%) Youth Voters (%) Urban Voters (%)

Use of Technology and Campaigning

Year Traditional Campaign Digital Campaign (%)
(%)
2000 80 20
2010 60 40
2019 30 70
2024 20 80

Use of Technology and Campaigning

2024

2019
Years

2010

2000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Digital Campaign (%) Traditional Campaign (%)

International Comparisons
Year India (%) USA (%) UK (%) Germany (%)
2000 58.0 54.2 71.4 75.1
2010 58.2 54.9 65.1 70.8
2020 66.4 66.8 67.3 76.6

International Comparisons

2020

2010
Years

2000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Percentage

Germany (%) UK (%) USA (%) India (%)

Case Studies of Key States

State Voter Turnout (%) - Voter Turnout (%) - 2024
2019
Uttar Pradesh 60.0 54.8
West Bengal 76.4 82.9
Kerala 77.7 70.2
Delhi 60.6 60.2
Bihar 57.3 57.0
 Case Studies of Key States
Uttar Pradesh

100

50
Bihar West Bengal Voter Turnout (%) - 2019
Voter Turnout (%) - 2024

Delhi Kerala