UNIT-I : CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES— Study Time

Maximum Time = 3 Hrs

NATURE AND BEHAVIOUR Maximum Questions = 59

CHAPTER

1
CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
AND
EQUATIONS
Syllabus Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, balanced chemical equation, implications of a
balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: Combination, decomposition,
displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions,
oxidation and reduction.

List of Topics
Topic-1: Chemical
Reaction and Equations
Chemical Reaction and Equations  Page No. 1

Topic-1 Concepts Covered Chemical reaction and


examples  Skeletal and balanced chemical
Topic-2 : Types of
Chemical Reactions
equation  Steps to balance a chemical equation.  Page No. 5

Revision Notes
Chemical reaction  The substances which take Scan to know
 A chemical reaction is a process in which the part in a chemical reaction more about
original substance(s) loses its nature and identity are called Reactants. this topic.
and forms new substance(s) with different  The substances which are
properties. formed in a chemical reaction
 Breaking of the chemical bonds and formation are called Products.
of new chemical bonds is responsible for the
occurrence of a chemical reaction. Chemical
Reactions
 A chemical reaction can be identified by either of the following observations:
S. No. Characteristics Examples
1. Change in state The combustion reaction of candle wax is characterised by a change in state
from solid to liquid and gas.
2. Change in colour The chemical reaction between citric acid and purple coloured potassium
permanganate solution is characterised by a change in colour from purple
to colourless.
3. Evolution of gas The chemical reaction between zinc and dilute sulphuric acid is characterised
by hydrogen gas. Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
4. Change in temperature The reaction between quicklime and water to form slaked lime is
characterised by an increase in temperature.
5. Formation of a When an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate is mixed with the aqueous
precipitate solution of barium chloride, barium sulphate comes in the form of white
precipitate
Na2SO4 (aq)+BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4(↓)+2NaCl(aq)
2 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 3
Chemical equations Skeletal chemical equation: A chemical equation
 A chemical equation is the symbolic representation which simply represents the symbols and formulas of
of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and reactants and products taking part in the reaction is
formulae. known as skeletal chemical equation for a reaction.
 It is a way to represent the chemical reaction in a For example: Mg + O2 → MgO. It's a skeletal equation.
concise and informative way. Balanced Equation: The equation in which atoms of
 For example, various elements on both sides of a chemical equation
Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium oxide are equal in accordance with the law of conservation
(Reactants) (Product)
of mass.
This equation is called word equation. For example:
340 atm
 The word equation can be written into chemical (i) CO(g) + 2H2 (g) 
 CH3OH(l)
equation by writing symbols and formulae of the sunlight
  C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2 (g)
substance in place of their name. (ii) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) chlorophyll
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO Glucose
Writing a chemical equation The process of equalizing the atoms of various
(i) The symbols of elements and the formulae of elements both on either sides of an equation is called
reacting substances (reactants) are written on the the balancing of chemical equation. This is known as
left hand side of the equation, with a plus (+) hit and trial method. Let us understand this with the
sign between them. help of an example given below:
(ii) The symbols and formulae of the substances
formed (products) are written on the right hand Key Term
side of the equation, with a plus sign (+) between Law of conservation of mass: It states that,
them. "The matter can neither be created nor be destroyed
(iii) An arrow sign (→) is put between the reactants in a chemical reaction.
and the products.
" OR "
(iv) The physical states of the reactants and products
the total mass of reactants = total mass of products".
are also mentioned in a chemical equation.

Example 1
Balancing a chemical equation :
Step 1. Write the chemical equation.
Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + H2
Step 2. Count the number of atoms of each element on both the sides of the chemical equation.
No. of atoms at No. of atoms at
Element
reactant side product side
1. Fe 1 3
2. H 2 2
3. O 1 4
Step 3. Equalize the number of the atoms of element which has the maximum number by putting in front of it.
Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + H2
Step 4. Try to equalize all the atoms of elements on reactant and product side by adding coefficient in front of it.
3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
Now, all the atoms of elements are equal on both sides.
Step 5. Write the physical states of reactants and products.
3Fe (s) + 4H2O (l) → Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Solid state = (s), Liquid state = (l), Gaseous state = (g), Aqueous state = (aq)
Step 6. Write necessary conditions of temperature, pressure or catalyst at above or below the arrow.

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Ans. Quick lime reacts with water vigorously to produce
Very Short Answer Type slaked lime and a large amount of heat. U
Questions (1 mark each) CaO(s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + Heat
(Quick lime) (Slaked lime) ½+½
Q. 1. Name the product formed when quick lime is
added to water? Write the reaction involved.
4 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X

Q. 2. The following chemical equation does not represent Ans. Sodium chloride and Hydrogen gas. 1+1
a chemical reaction that can take place. Q. 4. List the changes that are observed when dil. HCl
3Fe(s) + 4H2O (l) → Fe3O4(s) is added to a small amount of copper oxide in a
beaker. Write balanced chemical equation for the
State what needs to be changed in the equation
reaction. U
above for it to represent the correct reaction
between Fe and H2O. K [CFPQ] Ans. When dil HCl is added to a small amount of CuO
in a beaker, a blue green colour is observed due to
Q. 3. Write a balanced chemical equation: Ap
Pb (NO3)2 + KI → KNO3 + PbI2 formation of copper chloride.
Ans. Balanced chemical equation: CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O 1+1
Pb (NO3)2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq) → 2 KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s) 1 Q. 5. What is meant by a chemical reaction ? Explain
with the help of an example.

Commonly Made Error Short Answer Type

Questions-II (3 marks each)
Students often fail to write the balanced
chemical equation. Q. 1. 1 g of copper powder was taken in a China dish
and heated. What change takes place on heating?
When hydrogen is passed over the heated
Answering Tip substance, a visible change is seen in it. Give the
chemical equations of reactions. A

While writing the chemical reactions, students Ans. • A black colour is formed on the surface. ½
should balance each element. Practice writing a Heat
2Cu +O2 
 2CuO ½
balanced equation.
Brown Copper Oxide; Black Colour ½
•O
 riginal/brown colour is restored. Hydrogen
Q. 4. What does the symbol (aq) represent in a chemical
gas is passed over the heated material (CuO),
equation ?
the black coating on the surface turns brown as
Q. 5. Write a balanced chemical equation for the process the reverse reaction takes place and copper is
of photosynthesis giving the physical states of all obtained. ½
the substances involved and the conditions of the Heat
reaction. CuO +H2   Cu + H O
2 ½
Ans. 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) → C6 H12O6 (aq) + 6O2(g) 1 Black Copper Brown ½
Q. 2. When a copper wire was left in silver nitrate
solution for sometime, it was observed that the
Short Answer Type solution turned bluish green.
Questions-I (2 marks each) (a) Explain the observation.
Q. 1. A clear solution of slaked lime is made by dissolving (b) Write the balanced chemical equation to
Ca(OH)2 in an excess of water. This solution is left represent the change taking place.
exposed to air. The solution slowly goes milky as a [Board Term-I, 2016]
faint white precipitate forms. Explain why a faint
Q. 3. 2 g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry
white precipitate forms. Support your response
boiling tube.
with the help of a chemical equation.
 K [Board SQP, 2022] (a) List any two observations.
(b) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.
Ans. Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide
present in the atmosphere to form calcium (c) Write the chemical equation of the reaction.
carbonate which results in milkiness/white ppt. / K [Board Term-I, 2016]
formation of calcium carbonate. 1 Ans. (a) Two observations are:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O 1 (i) Change in state and colour.
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2022] (ii) Evolution of gas
Q. 2. List any two observations when ferrous sulphate (b) Decomposition reaction
is heated in a dry test tube. Ap [Board SQP, 2021] Heat
(c) 2FeSO4(s)   Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)
Ans. (i) Initial light green colour changes to reddish
brown colour. 1+1+1
(ii) Colourless gas is evolved. Q. 4. (a) Solution of a substance ‘X’ is used for testing
(iii) Gas with choking smell is evolved. (Any two)1+1 carbon dioxide. Write the equation of the reaction
Q. 3. Identify the products formed when 1 mL of dil. of ‘X’ with carbon dioxide.
hydrochloric acid is added to 1 g of sodium metal? (b) How is ‘X’ obtained? Write chemical equation.
 Ap [Board SQP, 2021] Ap [Board Term-I, 2015]
These Questions are for practice and their solutions are given at the end of the chapter.
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 5
Ans. (a) Substance X-Calcium hydroxide. (ii) Zinc being more reactive than copper, displaces
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) copper from its compound and forms new
product. This is a displacement reaction.
(White ppt.)
Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
(b) Calcium hydroxide is obtained by reaction of
calcium oxide and water. It is an exothermic (copper (zinc
sulphate) sulphate)
reaction.
(b) Yellow colour of lead iodide is formed. 4+1
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + Heat 1+2
Q. 2. Define a chemical reaction. State four observations
Q. 5. 
Write the chemical equations involved in the which help us to determine that a chemical
following chemical reactions: reaction has taken place. Write one example of each
(a) White washing. observation with a balanced chemical equation.
(b) Black and white photography. K [Board Term-I, 2016]
Ap [Board Term-I, 2016] Concept Applied

Long Answer Type Characteristics of a chemical reaction.
Questions (5 marks each) Q. 3. Write the balanced chemical equation for the
following:
Q. 1. (a) Mention with reason the colour changes (a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide ®
observed when: Calcium carbonate + water
(i) Silver chloride is exposed to sunlight. (b) Zinc + Silver nitrate ® Zinc nitrate + Silver
(ii) A piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate (c) Aluminium + copper chloride ® Aluminium
solution. chloride + copper
Justify your answer by giving reactions involved. (d) Zinc carbonate ® Zinc oxide + Carbon dioxide
(b) Name the colour of precipitate formed when (e) Potassium + water ® Potassium hydroxide +
lead nitrate solution is added to potassium hydrogen Ap
iodide solution? Concept Applied

Ap [Outside Delhi Set -I, 2020] Balancing a chemical equation.
Ans. (a) (i) When silver chloride is exposed to sunlight,
it decomposes to give silver metal and chlorine Ans. (a) Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ® CaCO3 + H2O
gas. In this reaction, white colour of silver (b) Zn + 2AgNO3 ® Zn (NO3)2 + 2Ag
chloride changes to greyish white due to the (c) 2Al + 3CuCl2 ® 2AlCl3 + 3Cu
formation of silver metal. This is a photochemical (d) ZnCO3 ® ZnO + CO2
decomposition reaction.
sunlight
(e) 2K + 2H2O ® 2KOH + H2
2AgCl(s)  2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)

Types of Chemical Reactions

Topic-2 Concepts Covered  Combination reaction  Decomposition reaction
 Displacement reaction  Double displacement reaction  Redox reaction
 Oxidation and reduction reaction  Exothermic and endothermic reaction.

Revision Notes
Types of Chemical Reactions (ii) Respiration is also an exothermic reaction.
I. Combination Reaction: The reaction in which two or C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g) → 6CO2(aq)
more reactants combine to form a single product. (Glucose) + 6H2O(l) + energy
e.g., (i) Burning of coal II. Decomposition Reaction:
C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) The reaction in which a compound splits into two
(ii) Formation of water or more simpler substances is called decomposition
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l) reaction.
A→B+C
(iii) CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2 (aq) + Heat
(a) Thermal decomposition: When decomposition
(Quick lime) (Slaked lime)
is carried out by heating.
Exothermic Reactions: Reaction in which heat is
released along with formation of products.
e.g., (i) 2FeSO4(s) Heat
  Fe2O3(s) +
(Ferrous sulphate) (Ferric oxide)
e.g., (i) Burning of natural gas.
Green colour Red-brown colour
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) SO2(g) + SO3(g)
+ Heat
(ii) CaCO3(s) Heat
  CaO(s) + CO2(g)
(Lime stone) (Quick lime)

These Questions are for practice and their solutions are given at the end of the chapter.
6 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X

(b) Electrolytic Decomposition: When decomposition Oxidation: It is a process of gaining oxygen during a
is carried out by passing electricity. reaction by an atom, molecule or ion.

Electric
e.g., 2H2O(l) current
  2H2(g) + O2(g) 2Cu + O2 Heat
  2CuO
Reduction: It is the gain of electrons or a decrease in
(c) Photolytic Decomposition: When decomposition
the oxidation state of an atom by another atom, an
is carried out in presence of sunlight. ion or a molecule.
Sunlight
e.g., (i) 2AgCl(s) 
 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g) CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
Sunlight
(ii) 2AgBr(s) 
 2Ag(s) + Br2(g) In this reaction, CuO is reduced to Cu and H2 is
Endothermic Reaction: The reactions which require oxidised to H2O. In other words, one reactant gets
oxidised while the other gets reduced. Such reactions
energy in the form of heat, light or electricity to break
are called oxidation-reduction reactions or redox
reactants are called endothermic reactions.
reactions.
III. Displacement Reaction: The chemical reactions in
which more reactive element displaces less reactive
element from its salt solution.
e.g., (i) Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
(Iron) (Copper sulphate) (Ferrous sulphate) (Copper)
(ii) Zinc displaces copper forming zinc sulphate. Redox (Oxidation and Reduction) Reaction :
Zn is more reactive than copper. Effects of oxidation reactions in everyday life :
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
1. Corrosion: Corrosion is a process in which metals
(Zinc Sulphate) are deteriorated by action of air, moisture, chemicals,
IV. Double Displacement Reaction: A reaction in which
etc. It is a redox reaction where metal gets oxidised
new compounds are formed by mutual exchange of
ions between two compounds. to metal oxide and oxygen gets reduced to oxide
e.g., Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4(s) ion.
(Sodium sulphate) (Barium chloride) (Barium sulphate)
+ 2NaCl(aq) Examples:

(Sodium chloride) (a) Corrosion of iron is called rusting. Iron objects

White precipitate of BaSO4 is formed, so it is also when left in moist open air for sometime get
called precipitation reaction.
V. Oxidation and Reduction: coated with a reddish brown powder. The
Oxidation: Loss of electrons process is known as rusting.
Reduction: Gain of electrons
(b) Green coating on copper articles and black

coating on silver ornaments are other examples
Mnemonics of corrosion.
Effects of corrosion :
Concept: Types of decomposition reaction
(a) Rusting causes damage to ships, car bodies,

Mnemonics: PET
bridges, railings.
Interpretations:
Photolytic reaction, Electrolytic reaction, (b) Corrosion is a wasteful process because it leads to

Thermal reaction wastage of tonnes of various metals every year
Concept: Oxidation and reduction reaction and lot of money is spent to repair or replace it.
Mnemonics: OIL RIG Prevention of Rusting:

Interpretations:
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons, (a) The iron articles should be painted.
Reduction Is Gain of electrons (b) The machine parts should be oiled and greased.

Concept: Types of chemical reactions
(c) Galvanised iron pipes should be used for water

Mnemonics: ROC.D3
supply.
Interpretations:
Reduction, Oxidation, Combination, (d) Iron can be coated with chromium to prevent
Decomposition, Displacement, rusting.
Double Displacement
2. Rancidity : Rancidity is the process of slow oxidation
Concept: Preventive ways of rusting
of oil and fat, present in the food materials resulting
Mnemonics: POGG
in the production of foul odour and taste in them.
Interpretations:
When cooked food items are placed for a long
Painting Oiling Greasing Galvanising
time, they become rancid and unsuitable for the
consumption.
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 7
Rancidity can be prevented by the following ways:
(c) Addition of anti-oxidants to food.

(a) Storing the food in refrigerator. (d) Storing the food in flush bags with gas, such as

(b) Storing the food in air-tight container.
nitrogen to prevent the oxidation process.

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Very Short Answer Type Ans. (i) CuO (s) + H2 (g) Heat
 Cu(s) + H2O (g)
Questions (1 mark each) (ii) Redox reaction
1+1
Q. 1. Silver chloride when kept in the open turns grey. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2015]
Illustrate this with a balanced chemical equation. Q. 2. What is a combination reaction? State one example
U [SQP-2020-21] giving balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
Concept Applied U Ap
Ans. A reaction in which two or more simpler substances
Decomposition reaction. combine to form a single product.
Ans. It happens because silver chloride decomposes in Example: C + O2   CO2
presence of sunlight. 1
2H2 + O2 ® 2H2O 1+1 (Any one)
2AgCl(s) 
Sunlight
 2Ag(s) + Cl2 (g) Q. 3. Identif y the displacement and the double
Q. 2. Write the balanced chemical equation of any displacement reaction from the following reactions.
one reaction that CANNOT be classified as (i) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O (l)
combination, decomposition, simple displacement (ii) Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) K
or double displacement. Ans. (i) Double displacement reaction (ii) Displacement
 Ap [CFPQ] reaction 1+1
Q. 3. Give reason why do chips manufacturers usually Q. 4. Trupti mixes an aqueous solution of sodium
flush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen ? sulphate (Na2SO4) and an aqueous solution of
copper chloride (CuCl2). Will this lead to a double
U [Board Term-I, Set (12), 2011] displacement reaction? Justify your answer.
 [DDE, 2017]  Ap [CFPQ]
Concept Applied Q. 5. What is a redox reaction? When a magnesium
ribbon burns in the air with a dazzling flame
Rancidity. and forms a white ash, is magnesium oxidized or
reduced? Why? K
Ans. To prevent the oil and fats of the chips from being
Ans. The reactions in which oxidation (loss of electrons)
oxidized or become rancid. 1 and reduction (gain of electrons) take place
Q. 4. Write a chemical equation for double displacement simultaneously are called redox reactions.
reaction.  Ap [DDE, 2017], [Board Term, 2011] 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)
Ans. Double displacement Reaction: Magnesium Oxygen Magnesium oxide
Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)1 Magnesium is getting oxidised because it is losing
electrons to form Mg2+ and oxygen is gaining
electrons to form O2-, therefore it is getting
Commonly Made Error reduced. 1+1

Students often commit errors while writing Short Answer Type

the reactants and the products of a chemical
Questions-II (3 marks each)
equation.

Q. 1.
Answering Tip

Practice writing the balanced equation with

correct reactants and products.

Identify the types of reaction mentioned above in

Short Answer Type (i) and (ii). Give one example for each type in the
Questions-I (2 marks each) form of a balanced chemical equation.
Q. 1. When hydrogen gas is passed over heated copper  A [CBSE SQP 2022]
(II) oxide, copper and steam are formed. Write the Ans. (i) Displacement reaction ½
balanced chemical equation with physical states
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
for this reaction. State what kind of chemical
reaction is this? U Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
These Questions are for practice and their solutions are given at the end of the chapter.
8 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X

Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq) → PbCl2(aq) + Cu(s) (c) Blue to colourless ½

(Any one of the reaction or other displacement Reason : Zinc sulphate is formed. ½
reaction.)  [1] [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2020]
(ii) Double displacement reaction ½
Detailed Answer :
Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4(s) +
(a) When silver chloride is exposed to sunlight,
2NaCl(aq)
it decomposes to give silver metal and
 [1]
chlorine gas. In this reaction, white colour
(Any one of the reaction or other double of silver chloride changes to grayish white
displacement reaction.) due to the formation of silver metal. This is a
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2022] photochemical decomposition reaction.
Q. 2. Mention with reason the colour changes observed Sunlight
when 2AgCl(s)  2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)
(a) Silver chloride is exposed to sunlight. (b) When copper powder is heated in the presence
(b) Copper powder is strongly heated in the of oxygen, the surface of copper powder
presence of oxygen. becomes coated with black copper oxide.
(c) A piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate Heat
2Cu + O2   2CuO
solution. A [CBSE Board 2020]
This is an oxidation reaction.
Ans.
(c) Zinc being more reactive than copper, displaces
(a) White to grey ½ copper from its compound and forms new
Reason : Silver chloride decomposes to produce product. This is a displacement reaction.
silver and chloride. ½ Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
(b) Brown to black ½ (Copper sulphate) (Zinc sulphate)
Reason : Copper oxide is produced on heating.½
Q. 3. Identify the type of each of the following reactions.
Also write balanced chemical equation for each reaction.
(a) A reaction in which the reaction mixture becomes warm.
(b) A reaction in which an insoluble substance is formed. A [Outside Delhi, Set- III, 2020]
Ans.

Topper Answer, 2020

Q. 4. You might have noted that when copper powder is heated in a china dish, the reddish brown surface of copper
powder becomes coated with a black substance.
(a) Why has this black substance formed ?
(b) What is this black substance ?
(c) Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place.
(d) How can the black coating on the surface be turned reddish brown? Ap [Outside Delhi Set-I, 2019]
Ans.

Topper Answer, 2019

 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 9

Q. 5. What would you observe on adding zinc granules to freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution ? Give reason
for your answer. U [Board 2019]

Concept Applied

Displacement reaction.
Ans.

Topper Answer, 2019

Q. 6. 2 g of silver chloride is taken in a china dish and

the china dish is placed in sunlight for sometime.
What will be your observation in this case ? Write Commonly Made Error
the chemical reaction involved in the form of a
balanced chemical equation. Identify the type of Students often write unbalanced equation
chemical reaction. U [Board Delhi, Set- I, 2019] which leads to deduction of marks.
Concept
Applied
Photolytic decomposition reaction.

Ans. • White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight 1

Answering Tip
Sunlight
• 2AgCl  2Ag + Cl2 1 Ensure every equation written is balanced.
• Decomposition reaction/Photolytic decomposition
 1
 [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2019]
10 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X

Q. 7. The diagram below shows the set up in which (a) W hat type of reaction takes place?
electrolysis of water takes place. (b) E xplain why this is an example of an
Test tubes endothermic reaction?
(c) The test tube containing hydrogen is removed
Hydrogen Oxygen carefully from the apparatus. A lit match stick
Cathode Anode is brought near the mouth of this test tube. The
gas burns with an explosive “pop” sound.
Glass Write the balanced chemical equation for

container this reaction and indicate whether energy is
Rubber absorbed or released. U [CFPQ]
stopper
Q. 8. Decomposition reactions require energy either in
Direct current the form of heat or light or electricity for breaking
Source down the reactants. Write one equation each for
decomposition reactions where energy is supplied
in the form of heat, light and electricity.
 K [Delhi/Outside Delhi, 2018]

Topper's Answer, 2019

Ans.

Commonly Made Error Answering Tip

Usually students get confused regarding the Keenly observe the necessary conditions for
necessary conditions and liberation of gases in the reactions during practical. Prepare a list of
the reaction. type of decomposition reactions, its necessary
conditions and gases released and practise it.

This question is for practice and its solution is available at the end of the chapter.
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 11
Q. 2. Identify the type of chemical reaction in the
Long Answer Type
following statements and define each of them:
Questions (5 marks each)
(a) Digestion of food in our body.
Q. 1. (a) Define corrosion. (b) Rusting of iron.
(b) What is corrosion of iron called ? (c) Heating of manganese dioxide with aluminium
(c) How will you recognise the corrosion of silver ? powder.
(d) Why corrosion of iron is a serious problem ? (d) Blue colour of copper sulphate solution disappears
(e) How can we prevent corrosion of iron ?
when iron filings are added to it.
K [Board Term-I, 2016] (e) Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium
 [NCERT 2017] hydroxide solution to form sodium chloride and
Ans. (a) C orrosion is a process in which metals are water. Ap [Board Term-I, 2016]
deteriorated by action of air, moisture, chemicals, Concept
Applied
etc.
(b) Rusting. Types of reactions.
(c) Silver - black, copper green. Q 3. (a) Write one example for each of decomposition
(d) It causes destruction of car bodies, bridges, reaction carried out with help of
railing, etc. (Any two)
(i) Electricity (ii) Heat (iii) Light
(e) By Painting, alloying, greasing, etc. (Any two)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] 5 (b) Which of the following statements is correct
and why?
I. Copper can displace silver from silver nitrate.
Commonly Made Errors II. Silver can displace copper from copper sulphate
solution. Ap
Students often fail to write the correct definition
of corrosion. Ans. (a) (i) 2H2O electricity
  2H2 (g) + O2
They often write incorrect ways to control Heat
(ii) CaCO3   CaO + CO2
corrosion.
Sunlight
(iii) 2AgBr 
 2Ag + Br2 1+1+1
Answering Tip (b) Statement I is correct.

Copper can displace silver from AgNO3 as copper is
Carefully learn the concept of corrosion with more reactive than Ag.
examples. Cu + 2AgNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag (s) 2

COMPETENCY AND CRITICAL

THINKING BASED QUESTIONS
These questions have been specially developed as per the latest typologies prescribed by CBSE in accordance with NEP 2020.
Which of the following is the correct observation
LEVEL-1: Objective of the reaction shown in the above set up?
Type Questions (A) Brown powder of Magnesium oxide is formed.
 (1 Marks each) (B) Colourless gas which turns lime water milky is
evolved.
(C) Magnesium ribbon burns with brilliant white
[A] Multiple Choice Questions light.
(D) Reddish brown gas with a smell of burning
Q. 1. Sulphur has evolved. K [Board SQP, 2022]
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: When a piece of magnesium ribbon is
ignited, light and heat are produced. Magnesium
ribbon on burning in air is an exothermic reaction.
Q. 2. On placing a copper coin in a test tube containing
green ferrous sulphate solution, it will be observed
that the ferrous sulphate solution:
(A) Turns blue, and a grey substance is deposited
on the copper coin.

This question is for practice and its solution is available at the end of the chapter.
12 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X

(B) Turns colourless and a grey substance is deposited (C) MnO2 is oxidized to MnCl2 & HCl is reduced to
on the copper coin. Cl2.
(C) Turns colourless and a reddish–brown substance (D) MnO2 is oxidized to MnCl2 & HCl is reduced to
is deposited on the copper coin. H2O. [Board SQP, 2022]
(D) Remains green with no change in the copper Ans. Option (B) is correct.
coin. R [Board SQP, 2022]
Explanation: (i) Here, HCl is oxidised to Cl2 and
Ans. Option (D) is correct.
MnO2 is reduced to MnCl2.
Explanation: Iron is more reactive than copper.
(ii) The reaction in which oxygen is either gained or
Hence, Cu will not displace iron from iron sulphate;
hydrogen is lost by a substance is called oxidation
hence, no reaction will take place.
reaction.
Q. 3. A student took sodium sulphate solution in a test
tube and added barium chloride solution to it. He The reaction in which hydrogen is gained or oxygen
observed that an insoluble substance has formed. is lost by a substance is called reduction reaction.
The colour and molecular formula of the insoluble Q. 7. The pair(s) which will show displacement reaction
substance is: [Board Term I, 2022] is/are
(A) Grey, Ba2SO4 (B) Yellow, Ba(SO4)2 (i) NaCl solution and copper metal.
(C) White, BaSO4 (D) Pink, BaSO4 A (ii) AgNO3 solution and copper metal.
Ans. Option (C) is correct. (iii) Al2(SO4)3 solution and magnesium metal.
Explanation: On adding a solution of barium (iv) ZnSO4 solution and iron metal.
chloride to sodium sulphate solution, a white colour (A) (ii) only (B) (ii) and (iii)
precipitate of barium sulphate is formed along with
the formation of sodium chloride salt. The chemical (C) (iii) and (iv) (D) (i) and (ii)
reaction is as follows:  U [Board Term-I, 2021]
BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s)↓ + 2NaCl(aq) Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Barium Sodium Barium Sodium Explanation: A displacement reaction is a chemical
chloride sulphate sulphate chloride reaction in which a more reactive element displaces
Q. 4. Which of the following is an example of simple a less reactive element from its compound. Since,
displacement reaction? Cu is more reactive than Ag; it can displace Ag
(A) The electrolysis of water from its nitrate solution and show a displacement
(B) The burning of methane reaction.
(C) The reaction of a metal with an acid AgNO3(aq) + Cu(s) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
(D) The reaction of two solutions to form a Similarly, magnesium being more reactive than
precipitate. K (CFPQ) aluminium displaces it from its sulphate solution.
Q. 5. In which of the following, the identity of initial Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3Mg(s) → 3MgSO4(aq) + 2Al(s)
substance remains unchanged ? Q. 8. In the reaction of iron with copper sulphate
(A) Curdling of milk solution:
(B) Formation of crystals by process of crystallisation CuSO4 + Fe → Cu + FeSO4
(C) Fermentation of grapes Which option in the given table correctly represents
(D) Digestion of food the substance oxidised and the reducing agent?
K [Outside Delhi, Set-I, 2020] Option Substance Reducing Agent
Ans. Option (B) is correct. Oxidized
Explanation: During the formation of crystals by (A) Fe Fe
process of crystallisation, the identity of the initial
substance remains unchanged. It merely gets (B) Fe FeSO4
crystallised. However, in the process of curdling (C) Cu Fe
of milk, the initial substance which is used gets
(D) CuSO4 Fe
changed as the milk gets converted into curd.
In the fermentation of grapes process, the initial U
substance, grapes change into an alcoholic beverage. Ans. Option (A) is correct.
In the process of digestion of food, the initial Explanation: In the equation oxygen is being
substance food gets digested to give essential removed from CuSO4 and is added to Fe, therefore,
nutrition and energy to our body. Fe is undergoing oxidation where Fe is the reducing
agent.
Q. 6. In the redox reaction, choose the correct statement.
MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
(A) MnO2 is reduced to MnCl2 & HCl is oxidised to
H2O.
(B) MnO2 is reduced to MnCl2 & HCl is oxidised to
Cl2.
This question is for practice and its solution is available at the end of the chapter.
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 13
Q. 9. Identify the correct option from the given table (A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and
which represents the type of reactions occurring reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
in step 1 and step 2. (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but
reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Q. 1. Assertion (A): In the given equation, 'X' stands
Option Endothermic Exothermic for  2.
(A) × √ 3Fe+X H2O→Fe3O4+4H2
(B) √ × Reason (R): To balance an equation, the number of
atoms of each element should be same on both the
(C) √ √
sides. U
(D) × ×
Ans. Option (D) is correct.
F
Explanation: To balance the given equation the
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
number of atoms of each element should be same
Explanation: When limestone is heated, it absorbs
heat (endothermic) and decomposes to form calcium on both the sides. Hence, the 'X' value should be 4.
oxide. When water is added to this calcium oxide 3Fe+4H2O→Fe3O4+4H2
(lime), calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, i.e., slaked lime Q. 2. Assertion (A): Reaction between quicklime and
is formed. This is an exothermic reaction. water to form slaked lime is characterised by increase
in temperature.
Reason (R): Increase in temperature indicates that
the chemical reaction is taking place. U
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: The chemical reaction between quick-
lime and water is highly exothermic, i.e, heat evolved
during this process. Several observations indicate a
Q. 10. Which of the following reactions is a neutralisation chemical reaction has occurred. One of them is an
reaction? increase or decrease in temperature.
(A) 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O Q. 3. Assertion (A): Silver bromide decomposition is
(B) Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2 used in black and white photography.
Reason (R): Light provides energy for this exothermic
(C) MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2
reaction. U [Board SQP, 2022]
(D) HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O E
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Ans. Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: Silver bromide is used in black and
Explanation: The reaction of an acid with a white photography as it undergoes decomposition
base to form salt and water is a neutralization
reaction when exposed to light to give silver and
reaction. Hence, the reaction of HNO3 (acid) with
bromine. This reaction is also known as photolysis
NaOH (base) to form NaNO3 (salt) and water is a
neutralization reaction. reaction. It is not an exothermic reaction.
Q. 4. Assertion (A): Decomposition of vegetable matter
Q. 11. Which of the following reactions is an endothermic into compost is an endothermic reaction.
reaction? Reason (R): Decomposition reaction involves
(A) Burning of coal. breakdown of a single reactant into simpler
(B) Decomposition of vegetable matter into products. U
compost. Ans. Option (D) is correct.
(C) Process of respiration. Explanation: The decomposition of vegetable
(D) Decomposition of calcium carbonate to form matter into compost is an exothermic reaction as
quick lime and carbon dioxide. energy is released. Also, in decomposition reaction,
A [Board SQP, 2020] single reactant breaks down into simpler products.
Q. 5. Assertion (A): Carbon dioxide turns lime water
milky.
[B] Assertion & Reason Reason (R): Carbon dioxide sullies the water. U
Q. 6. Assertion (A): Chips manufacturers usually flush
Directions: In the following questions, a statement bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen.
of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R): Nitrogen gas prevents the oil and fats
reason (R). Mark the correct choice as: of the chips from being oxidized. Ap
These Questions are for practice and their solutions are given at the end of the chapter.
14 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X

Ans. Option (A) is correct. (A) 15-20 min (B) 10-15 min
Explanation: Chips manufacturers usually flush (C) 5-10 min (D) 0-5 min
bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen to prevent Ans. Option (D) is correct.
the oil and fats of the chips from being oxidized or
Explanation: The maximum decomposition is when
become rancid.
the pressure is maximum. As we can see in graph
LEVEL-2: Case Based that from 0 to 5 minutes, the pressure increases
from 0 to 0.625 atm.
Questions  (4 Marks each) Q. 3. Gas A, obtained above is a reactant for a very
important biochemical process which occurs in
the presence of sunlight. Identify the name of the
[A] Case based MCQs process -
Attempt any 4 sub-parts from each question. Each (A) Respiration (B) Photosynthesis
sub-part carries 1 mark. (C) Transpiration (D) Photolysis
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
I. Read the following and answer any four questions
from Q.1. to Q.5. [CBSE QB 2021] Explanation: When CaCO3 is heated, the following
reaction takes place:
Marble’s popularity began in ancient Rome and CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Greece, where white and off-white marble were The gas evolved is carbon dioxide, which is utilised
in the process of photosynthesis.
Q. 4. Marble statues are corroded or stained in rain
water. Identify the main reason.

used to construct a variety of structures, from hand-

held sculptures to massive pillars and buildings.
Q. 1. The substance not likely to contain CaCO3 is:
(A) Dolomite (A) Decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium
(B) A marble statue oxide.
(C) Calcined gypsum (B) Polluted water is basic in nature hence it reacts
(D) Sea shells. with calcium carbonate.
(C) Polluted water is acidic in nature hence it reacts
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
with calcium carbonate.
Explanation: The composition of gypsum is CaSO4. (D) Calcium carbonate dissolves in water to give
2H2O. It does not have CaCO3. calcium hydroxide.
Q. 2. A student added 10 g of calcium carbonate in a Ans. Option (C) is correct.
rigid container, secured it tightly and started to Explanation: Chemically, marble is Calcium carbonate.
heat it. After some time, an increase in pressure The atmosphere contains many oxides, which
was observed, the pressure reading was then dissolve in water forming acids like sulphuric; nitric
noted at intervals of 5 minutes and plotted against
etc., which are common due to pollution. Even
time, in a graph as shown below. During which
time interval did maximum decomposition took carbon dioxide forms carbonic acid which also does
place? damage.
These will react with marble and result in formation
1.25 of calcium salt, carbon dioxide and water. So, under
extended periods, the wear of marble statues is
1.00 expected.
Pressure (atm)

Q. 5. Calcium oxide can be reduced to calcium, by

0.75 heating with sodium metal. Which compound
would act as an oxidizing agent in the above
0.50 process?
(A) Sodium
0.25 (B) Sodium oxide
(C) Calcium
0 5 10 15 (D) Calcium oxide
Time (in min.)
Ans. Option (D) is correct.
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 15
Explanation: A substance that undergoes reduction the exhaust stack of moving trucks on the road.’
is an oxidizing agent. Here, CaO is losing oxygen Choose the correct reason for the production of
and undergoing reduction. So, CaO is the oxidizing black smoke:
agent. (A) Limited supply of air leads to incomplete
Oxidizing agent combustion of fuel.
(B) Rich supply of air leads to complete combustion
CaO  Ca + O2
of fuel.
II. Read the following and answer any four questions (C) Rich supply of air leads to a combination
from Q.1. to Q.5. [CBSE QB 2021] reaction.
Chemistry in Automobiles: (D) Limited supply of air leads to complete
For an internal combustion engine to move a combustion of fuel.
vehicle down the road, it must convert the energy Ans. Option (A) is correct.
stored in the fuel into mechanical energy to drive Explanation: The limited supply of air leads to
incomplete combustion of fuel, which in turn leads
the wheels. In your car,the distributor and battery
to the production of black smoke.
provide this starting energy by creating an electrical Q. 5. ‘Although nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the
"spark",which helps in combustion of fuels like atmosphere, it does not take part in combustion’.
gasoline. Below is the reaction depicting complete Identify the correct reason for this statement.
combustion of gasoline in full supply of air: (A) Nitrogen is a reactive gas.
2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) ¾® 16 X + Y (B) Nitrogen is an inert gas.
Q. 1. Which of the following are the products obtained (C) Nitrogen is an explosive gas.
from the reaction mentioned in the above case? (D) Only hydrocarbons can take part in combustion.
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Product ‘X’ Product ‘Y’ E
Explanation: The triple bond in nitrogen is too
(A) CO2 H 2 O2
strong to be broken and hence it is an inert gas
(B) H2O CO which does not take part in combustion.
(C) CH3OH H2O
(D) CO2 H2O [B] Case Based Subjective
Ans. Option (D) is correct. Questions
Explanation: The complete combustion of gasoline
I. Whenever lime is mixed with water we get a clear
in full supply of air results in production of carbon solution and on touching the tube it feels hot. That
dioxide and water. The chemical reaction is as is lime when mixed with water undergoes certain
follows: physical changes that make it evolve heat and give
2C8H18 (l) + 25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g) a clear solution. Similarly, the iron articles undergo
physical changes and develop a layer of rust on
Q. 2. Identify the types of chemical reaction occurring
their surface. It reacts with the oxygen present in air
during the combustion of fuel: and moisture and develops rust (hydrated iron (III)
(A) Oxidation and Endothermic reaction oxide). These are all chemical reactions. A chemical
(B) Decomposition and Exothermic reaction reaction can be categorised into several types. The
(C) Oxidation and Exothermic reaction following diagram displays a chemical reaction.
(D) Combination and Endothermic reaction Observe carefully and answer the questions given
Ans. Option (C) is correct. below. C
Explanation: The addition of oxygen to a substance
or removal of hydrogen from a substance is called
oxidation. The reaction in which the heat energy is
produced is called exothermic reaction.
Q. 3. On the basis of evolution/absorption of energy,
which of the following processes are similar to
combustion of fuel?
(i) Photosynthesis in plants
(ii) Respiration in the human body
(iii) Decomposition of vegetable matter
(iv) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate.
(A) (ii) and (iii) (B) (i) and (ii)
(C) (iii) and (iv) (D) (ii) and (i)
Ans. Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: The process of respiration in the
human body and decomposition of vegetable
matter involves evolution of energy.
Q. 4. ‘A student while walking on the road observed
that a cloud of black smoke belched out from
16 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X

Q. 1. Identify the type of chemical reaction that will Q. 1. At what time is the reaction rate the fastest in the
take place and define it. 1 flask?
Q. 2. How will the colour of the salt change? 1 Competency: Interpreting Data & Evidence
Q. 3. Write the balanced chemical equation of the Scientifically
reaction that takes place. 1 Q. 2. The reaction is repeated with magnesium powder
Q. 4. Mention one commercial use of this salt. Name in place of magnesium ribbon under the same
another silver salt which behaves like silver conditions. Will the reaction rate increase or
chloride in sunlight. 1 decrease? Explain your answer with reference to
Ans. 1. Photochemical decomposition reaction: The the volume of hydrogen formed in the flask at 2
reactions in which a compound breaks down minutes.
into simple substances in presence of light are Competency: Interpreting Data & Evidence
called photochemical decomposition reaction. 1 Scientifically
2. When silver chloride is exposed to sunlight, it Q. 3. Which of these could increase the rate of reaction
decomposes to give silver metal and chlorine in the flask? Circle ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ for each row.
gas. In this reaction, white colour of silver Will this increase the rate of Yes or
chloride changes to greyish white due to the reaction? No
formation of silver metal. 1
3. The decomposition reaction of silver chloride into Adding more acid to the flask Yes/No
silver and chlorine by light can be depicted as: Heating the acid in the flask Yes/No
2AgCl (s) sunlight
 2Ag (s) + Cl2 (g) 1 Using a higher concentration of Yes/No
4. Silver bromide gives silver metal and acid
bromine gas on photolytic decomposition. Competency: Evaluating & Designing Scientific
Decomposition reactions of silver chloride and Enquiry
silver bromide in presence of sunlight are used
Q. 4. Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to form
in black and white photography.
magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. Write a
2AgCl(s) → 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)
balanced chemical equation to show the reaction.
2AgBr → 2Ag + Br2 1
Competency: Explaining Phenomena Scientifically
II. A piece of magnesium ribbon is added to a flask
containing dilute hydrochloric acid. Hydrogen Ans. 1. The rate of reaction is fastest at 1 minute. When
gas is formed which is collected in the measuring magnesium ribbon reacts with hydrochloric
cylinder. The amount of hydrogen formed with acid, magnesium chloride will be formed and
time is plotted on a graph. The line on the graph hydrogen gas is liberated.
indicates the rate of chemical reaction occurring in Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
the flask. [SAS] 2. Powdered Mg has the greater surface area as
compared to that of Mg ribbon and the increased
surface area allows the better interaction with
sulphuric acid and hence reaction rate will
increase. Therefore, the volume of hydrogen
formed at 2 minutes will be higher.
3.
Will this increase the rate of Yes or
reaction? No
Adding more acid to the flask. No
Heating the acid in the flask Yes
Using a higher concentration of acid Yes
4. The balanced chemical equation is:
Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Solutions for Practice Questions (Topic-1)

Very Short Answer Type Questions Short Answer Type Questions-I
Ans. 2: The water should be in the form of steam, not Ans. 5 : Chemical reactions are the processes in which
liquid. 1 new substances with new properties are formed.
Ans. 4: The symbol (aq) represents an aqueous solution For example: When magnesium ribbon is heated,
in a chemical equation. 1 it burns in air to form a white powder called
magnesium oxide.
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 17

Short Answer Type Questions-II Long Answer Type Questions

Ans. 2: (a) Copper is more reactive than silver. Hence, Ans. 2. Process in which new substances with new
when copper wire is dipped in silver nitrate solution, it properties are formed by the rearrangement of
displaces silver from AgNO3 solution forming copper atoms.
nitrate which is bluish green in colour. (i) Evolution of gas: The chemical reaction between
(b) Cu + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag zinc and dilute H2SO4.
(Copper (II) nitrate (Silver) Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g) ↑
: bluish green) 2+1 (ii) Change in colour: The chemical reaction between
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016] potassium iodide and lead nitrate.
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2KI(s) → 2KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
Ans. 5: (i) In white washing, quicklime reacts with Colourless Yellow
water to form slaked lime. (iii) Formation of precipitate: The chemical reaction
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + Heat between sulphuric acid and barium chloride.
BaCl2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → 2HCl(aq) + BaSO4(s)
Quick lime Slaked lime (iv) Change in temperature: The chemical reaction
(ii) Silver bromide, when exposed to light between quick lime and water.
decomposes to silver and bromine. CaO(s) + H2O (l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + Heat
Sunlight 1+1+1+1+1
2 AgBr(s)  2 Ag(s) + Br2(g)
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
(Silver bromide) (Silver) (Bromine)
1½ + 1½
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]

Solutions for Practice Questions (Topic-2)

Very Short Answer Type Questions
Ans. 2: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O Commonly Made Error
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 (Any one)
1 Students forget to balance the chemical
equation and lose marks.
Short Answer Type Questions-I
Ans. 4: Yes, this will lead to a double displacement
reaction. Answering Tip
A double displacement reaction is a type of chemical
reaction in which the reactant ions exchange places Practice writing the balanced chemical
to form new products. Sodium ions in the sodium equations.
sulphate bond with the chlorine ions in copper
chloride and the copper ion bonds with the sulphate Long Answer Type Questions
ion to form sodium chloride and copper sulphate.
Ans. 2:
Na2SO4 + CuCl2 → 2NaCl + CuSO4 2
(a) Decomposition reaction: Carbohydrates are
Short Answer Type Questions-II broken down to form glucose.
Ans. 7: (b) Oxidation reaction: When an iron object is left in
moist air for a considerable time, it gets covered
(a) Decomposition reaction/Electrolytic decomposition
with a red brown flaky substance called rust.
 ½
(b) Energy in the form of electrical energy is absorbed (c) Displacement reaction: More reactive metal
during the decomposition of water. 1 displaces less reactive metal from its salt solution.
(c) Balanced equation: (d) Displacement reaction: More reactive metal
displaces less reactive metal from its salt solution.
2H2O + energy → 2H2 + O2 1½
(e) Neutralisation reaction: When acids react with
base they give salt and water. 1×5
[CBSE Marking Scheme, 2016]
18 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, SCIENCE, Class-X

Solutions for Competency and Critical

Thinking Based Questions
[A] Multiple Choice Questions Decomposition of calcium carbonate is an example of
Ans. 4: (C) The reaction of metallic oxides with an acid thermal decomposition and endothermic reaction.
is an example of a simple displacement reaction. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Electrolysis of water is an example of decomposition
reactions, burning of methane is combustion reaction
[B] Assertion and Reason
Ans. 5: (C) Carbon dioxide reacts with lime water
and when two aqueous solutions react with each
(calcium hydroxide) to form milky precipitate of
other and produce a precipitate is called a double
calcium carbonate Carbon dioxide does not "sully"
decomposition reaction.
water in any way.
Ans. 11: (D) The reactions which require energy in the
form of heat, light or electricity to break reactants are
called endothermic reactions.

REFLECTIONS
(a) Have you understood the steps to balance a chemical equation ?
(b) Will you be able to summarize the types of chemical reactions with examples ?

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AI CONCEPTS
PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
INTEGRATED
Chapter Covered Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations
Name of the Book Science, Class 10, NCERT
Subject and Artificial Types of Chemical Reactions My storytime tool on AI
Intelligence chatbot Supervised learning
Integrated AI voice over generator-
Clipchamp
Learning Students will be able to
Objectives • Understand different types of reactions.
• Explain decomposition reactions as opposite to
combination reactions.
• List examples of combination and decomposition
reactions.
• Describe displacement and double displacement
reactions with examples.
• Explain redox reactions.
Time Required 3-4 periods of 40 minutes each
Classroom Regular classroom setup, Chemistry Laboratory,
Arrangement Computers with internet connection for each group of
students (with AI tools installed)
Material Required NCERT textbook, NCERT exemplar book, Science lab
manual, Google story speaker installed in computers.
Pre – Preparation Ask children to think of various chemical reactions that
• 
Activities they see around them.
• 
Ask them to classify them into different categories
of reactions. Students would be able to see some
similarities in the reactions while classifying them.
 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS 19

Previous Knowledge • 
Different sets of conditions are required for different
types of reactions to take place.
• 
The observational changes are different invarious
reactions.
• 
Students know that upon heating, substances break
down to form new simpler substances.
Example: Bacteria decompose organic matter in nature
to form manure.
• 
Food gets spoilt when it gets oxidized. e.g., cut apples
turn brown, cooked food spoils after one or two days.
Methodology • 
The teacher will take the class to the Science Laboratory Natural Language Processing
and demonstrate different types of reactions to invoke My storytime tool on AI
curiosity and interest in students. chatbot- AI voice over
• 
Then the students will be divided into groups of four generator-
each.
• 
Experiential Learning: Each group of students will
be assigned a reaction to perform and note down the
observations.
• 
On the next day, the students will be taken to the
Computer laboratory and each group will be asked
to build a story explaining the observations and the
process involved in the reaction. Scan to know
• 
Then, each group may tell the story to others by using more about
this topic.
an AI tool which converts their stories into speech.
• 
The teacher will show a video to sum up the chapter:
Scan to know
more about
this topic.

Learning Outcomes Students would be able to

• Explain combination and decomposition reactions by
taking various examples from our daily life.
• Give examples of redox reactions from our daily life.
• Analyze the differences between displacement and
double displacement reactions.
• Draw conclusions on the basis of observations made in
chemical reactions.
Follow up Activities • 
Students in a group will be asked to make a flowchart
indicating the types and sub-types of reactions with
their examples. (collaborative learning while working
in groups together).
• 
Playing cards game: Students will shuffle the cards
and place them face down, in a stack, on the desk. The
players take turns to reveal the top card in the stack
and identify the type of reaction shown on the card.
The students who correctly identify the type of reaction
gets points.
• 
Google form test to be conducted to know whether
they have achieved the desired learning outcomes.
Reflections • 
Discussion with the students on the role of AI
applications- My storytime on AI chatbot tool,
supervised learning
• 
Any other AI application that can be used as an
alternative- Inklewriter

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