BIOLOGY

SOLUTION : PRACTICE PAPER – 2

SECTION – A

Q. 1. (i) (d) Pollen grain

(ii) (b) secondary sexual character
(iii) (a) Amphibian
(iv) (a) incomplete dominance
(v) (b) Cytoplasm
(vi) (d) Tryptophan operon
(vii) (c) Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens
(viii) (b) capillary water
(ix) (b) IRV
(x) (d) Pia mater
Q. 2. (i) Gravitational water, hygroscopic water, combined water, capillary water.
(ii) Homo sapiens sapiens
(iii) If the variation occurs in population by chance alone and not by natural selection
to bring change in frequencies of an allele, it is called genetic drift.
(iv) The method of GIFT or Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer will help the lady to
have a child.
(v) Polydipsia, i.e. frequent thirst and polyuria, i.e. frequent urination are the
symptoms of the disease caused by hyposecretion of ADH.
(vi) Natural physical mutagens are high temperatures, high concentration of CO2,
X-rays and UV rays.
(vii) (a) Hummingbirds and host flowering plants. 
(b) Lichen made up of an alga and a fungus.
(viii) (1) Nudation (2) Invasion
SECTION – B

Q. 3. (1) The transfer of pollen grains with the help of water is called hydrophily. Plants
that are pollinated by water are called hydrophilous plants.
(2) Hydrophilous plants possess small, inconspicuous unisexual flowers. They lack
fragrance, nectar and bright colour.
(3) Pollen grains and other floral parts are protected from getting wet.
(4) Stigma is long and sticky. e.g. Zostera, Vallisneria, etc.

solutions to navneet practice papers : std. xii 1

Q. 4. (1) Ethylene : It is used for fruit ripening and as it causes degreening effect by
increasing activity of chlorophyllase enzyme for banana and citrus fruits.
Abscissic acid/ABA : It is natural growth inhibiting substance in plants and it
(2) 
acts as plant antitranspirant causing closure of stomata. It is stress hormone that
induces plant to bear the adverse environmental conditions like drought.
Q. 5. (1) Scrotum : Protection of testes and maintenance of lower temperature for
spermatogenesis.
(2) Leydig’s cells : Secretion of testosterone or androgen which is a male sex
hormone.
Q. 6. (1) 21 trisomy – (c) Down’s syndrome
(2) X-monosomy – (a) Turner’s syndrome
(3) Holandric traits – (d) Hypertrichosis
(4) Feminized male – (b) Klinefelter’s syndrome
Q. 7. (1) Water plays an important role in living organisms.
(2) About 90 – 95% water is present in cell which is functional and structural unit of
living organisms.
(3) It helps in maintaining turgidity and shape of cells and cell organelles.
(4) Due to its various properties, it is medium of biochemical reactions, transporting
medium and thermal buffer also. Therefore it is absolutely necessary for life i.e.
‘elixir of life’.
Q. 8. (1) It is a condition in which fruit is developed without event of fertilization.
(2) It is a natural process observed on pineapple and banana.
(3) A chemical stimulus in the form of auxin (IAA) is given by placental tissues of
unfertilized ovary development of fruit without the process of fertilization results
in formation of seedless fruit.
(4) Due to the stimulus, enlargement of ovary takes place to form a fruit. Parthenocarpic
fruits are without seeds.
Q. 9. (1) Auxins and cytokinins are growth promoting substances which stimulate cell
division and cell enlargement.
(2) A high cytokinin promotes shooting in plants.
(3) A low ratio of cytokinin to auxin induces root development. Whereas a high ratio
of cytokinin to auxin induces growth of buds and shoot development.
(4) Thus cytokinin and auxin ratio and their interactions control morphogenesis in
plants.
2 solutions to navneet practice papers : std. xii
Q. 10. (1) Atrial systole – (c) 0.1 second
(2) Atrial diastole – (d) 0.7 second
(3) Ventricular systole – (a) 0.3 second
(4) Ventricular diastole – (b) 0.5 second
Q. 11. (1) 
Biogas is a non-conventional and renewable source of energy obtained by
microbial fermentation.
(2) Cattle dung (the main substrate), domestic wastes, agricultural waste, agro
industrial wastes, forestry wastes, etc. are utilized as substrates for production of
biogas.
(3) Biogas is eco-friendly and does not cause pollution, can be used as domestic fuel.
(4) As the raw material for its production is readily available, the biogas plants are
more often built in rural areas.
Q. 12. (1) Transmission of malarial parasite can be reduced by preventing mosquito bites.
Therefore, mosquitoes should be controlled or totally eradicated by using of
mosquito nets and insect repellents.
(2) 
Mosquito control measures such as spraying insecticides inside houses and
draining stagnant water where mosquitoes lay their eggs.
(3) The mosquito larvae can be eradicated by releasing Gambusia fish which can feed
upon these larvae.
(4) Vaccine against malaria is also under preparation.
Q. 13. (1) Smoking involves inhaling the cigarette smoke which contains nicotine and other
toxic substances like n-nitrosodimethylamine. There is some amount of carbon
monoxide. These substances affect the normal respiratory health.
(2) Smoking invites problems like asthma, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, lung
damage. The worst impact is that these substances are carcinogenic and hence can
cause cancer of larynx, trachea, lung, etc.
(3) Smoking not only affects the smokers but also has bad effect on others due to
passive smokers.
(4) In women, smoking is still hazardous as their ovaries can undergo mutations due
to mutagenic chemicals found in smoke. Therefore, smoking is a very bad habit.
Q. 14. (1) Medulla oblongata is the region of the brain that controls all the involuntary
activities.
(2) Vital activities such as heartbeats, respiration, vasomotor activities, peristalsis,
etc. are under the control of medulla oblongata.
(3) When medulla oblongata is injured, all these vital functions are instantly stopped.
(4) Therefore, injury to medulla oblongata causes sudden death.

solutions to navneet practice papers : std. xii 3

 SECTION – C
Q. 15.
Wall of Mature anther

Epidermis Endothecium Middle Layer Tapetum

Outer layer Layer with fibrous Layer of thin Innermost Layer

thickening walled cells

Function Protection Function Nutrition

Q. 16. (1) 
Klinefelter’s syndrome is a genetic disorder caused due to trisomy of X
chromosome caused due to non-disjunction of sex chromosomes which takes
place during gamete formation.
(2) Chromosomal complement of Klinefelter’s syndrome is 44+XXY, having a total
of 47 chromosomes.
(3) Symptoms of Klinefelter’s syndrome are as follows :
(i) The individuals with Klinefelter’s syndrome are sterile, tall, thin and
eunuchoid with poorly developed sexual characteristics. They have
underdeveloped and small testis. Spermatogenesis does not take place.
(ii) They have subnormal intelligence and show partial mental retardation.
Q. 17. (1) Australopithecus shows ape-like characteristics such as :
(i) Larger jaws and teeth
(ii) Prognathous face
(iii) The chin was absent
(iv) Projecting eyebrow ridges
(v) Cranial capacity ranged from 450-600 c.c.
(2) Australopithecus shows the man-like characteristics as follows :
(i) Erect posture and walking.
(ii) The vertebral column had a distinct lumbar curve with broad basin-like
pelvic girdle.
(iii) Dentition with the parabolic dental arch.
(iv) A simian gap was absent.
   Australopithecus is therefore, rightly described as a man with ape brain.

4 solutions to navneet practice papers : std. xii

Q. 18. Zones of root :

Q. 19. (a) (1) Gibberellins are growth promoting hormones and were isolated from fungus
Gibberella fujikuroi by Kurasawa.
(2) Rice plants when infected with this fungus show stem elongation i.e. Bakane
disease.
(3) Yabuta and Sumuki isolated gibberellins in crystalline form, from fungal
culture and named it gibberellins.
(4) Gibberellins are synthesized from mevalonic acid at young leaves, seeds, root
and stem tips and show non-polar transport.
(b) Function of Gibberellins : Increase in length of internodes thereby elongation of
stem.
Q. 20. (1) The blood cells shown in the diagram are white blood cells or leucocytes.
(2) Cell A is neutrophil. These cells are phagocytic in function thus engulf
microorganisms.
Cell D is lymphocyte. Its function is to show immune response of body by
producing antibodies.
(3) Cell D or lymphocyte is a large, round nucleus and agranular cytoplasm.
It originates in bone marrow, lymph nodes and thymus.
Q. 21. Endocrine cells of pancreas form groups of cells called Islets of Langerhans. There
are four kinds of cells in Islets of Langerhans which secrete hormones.
(1) Alpha (α ) cells : They are 20% and secrete glucagon. Glucagon is a hyperglycemic
hormone. it stimulates liver for glucogenolysis and increases the blood glucose
level.
(2) Beta (β) cells : They are 70% and secrete insulin. Insulin is a hypoglycemic
hormone. It stimulates liver and muscles for glycogenesis. This lowers blood
glucose level.
Delta (δ) cells : They are 5% and secrete somatostatin. Somatostatin inhibits the
(3) 
secretion of glucagon and insulin. It also decreases the gastric secretions, motility
and absorption in digestive tract. In general it is a growth inhibiting factor.
(4) PP cells or F cells : They form 5%. They secrete pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
which inhibits the release of pancreatic juice.

solutions to navneet practice papers : std. xii 5

Q. 22. Inorganic fertilizers Organic fertilizers / biofertilizers
1. They are non-renewable nutritional 1. They are renewable nutritional
resources. resources.
2. Inorganic fertilizers are synthetic and 2. They are biological in origin.
are in the form of chemicals.
3. They are mixtures of mineral salts of 3. Organic fertilizers are farmyard
NPK in definite proportions. manure, green manure and compost.
Whereas, bio fertilizers are live
bacterial, cyanobacterial (mostly N2
fixing) or fungal formulations which
enhance the nutrient quality of soil.
4. Excessive use of inorganic fertilizers 4. They do not cause pollution.
results in pollution of soil, groundwater
and air.
5. They are not part of sustainable 5. They are part of organic farming and
agriculture. sustainable agriculture.

Q. 23. Substance Potential benefit Crop Transgene

Provitamin A Anti-oxidant Rice Phytoene synthase,
Lycopene cyclase
Fructans Low calories Sugarbeet I – sucrose : sucrose
fructosyl transferase
Vitamin E Anti-oxidant Canola  -tocopherol methyl
transferase
Flavonoids Anti-oxidant Tomato Chalone isomerase
Iron Iron fortification Rice Ferritin, metallothioein,
phytase

Q. 24. (1) Animals which are well-adapted to live in deserts are called xerocoles. These
animals show adaptations for water conservation or heat tolerance.
(2) These animals show low basal metabolic rate. They obtain moisture from succulent
plants and rarely drink water. E.g Gazella and Oryx.
(3) Desert animals like camel produce concentrated urine and dry dung.
(4) Many other hot desert animals are nocturnal, seeking out shade during the day or
dwelling underground in burrows.
(5) Smaller animals from desert, emerge from their burrows at night.
(6) Mammals living in cold deserts have developed greater insulation through warmer
body fur and insulating layers of fat beneath the skin.
6 solutions to navneet practice papers : std. xii
Q. 25. (1) When there is a succession from algae to forest, it depends upon the amount of
water available.
(2) The succession begins with small phyto-planktons followed by submerged and
free floating and then rooted hydrophytes, sages, grasses and finally the trees.
(3) Similarly, there is also a transformation from a pool of water to swamp, then
marsh and then mesic which means neither too dry nor too wet conditions.
(4) Then small plants like mosses can inhabit followed by herbs, shrubs and then
trees. Such succession ultimately leads to a stable climax forest community.
Q. 26. In-situ conservation Ex-situ conservation
(1) In-situ conservation is a onsite (1) Ex-situ conservation is done outside
conservation. the habitat of plants and animals.
(2) Plant and animal species are conserved (2) Plant and animal species are
in their natural habitat for protecting conserved in artificial or manmade
endangered species. place.
(3) It is done in natural environment. (3) It is done in manmade environment.
(4) National parks, Sanctuaries, (4) Zoo, aquarium, seed banks are the
biosphere reserve, etc. are set up for examples of ex-situ conservation
in-situ conservation.
(5) It is a dynamic process. Cheap and (5) It is static process. It is an expensive
convenient to conduct. and commercial process.
(6) Captive breeding is not successful in (6) Captive breeding is successful and
all cases of in-situ conservation can help in increasing the number of
method. endangered organisms.

SECTION – D
Q. 27. (1) Isolation of DNA (gene) from the donor organism : 
(a) From the cells of the donor organism DNA is isolated and purified. Then
cleaved using Restriction Endonucleases. This forms foreign DNA or
passenger DNA.
(b) A desired gene can also be obtained directly from genomic library or c-DNA
library.
(2) Insertion of desired foreign gene into a cloning vector (vehicle DNA) : 
(a) The foreign DNA or passenger DNA is inserted into a cloning vector (vehicle
DNA)
(b) Plasmids are isolated from the bacteria and are cleaved by using same RE
which is used in the isolation of the desired gene from the donor.
(c) Enzyme DNA ligase is used to join foreign DNA and the plasmid DNA.

solutions to navneet practice papers : std. xii 7

 (d) Plasmid DNA containing foreign DNA is called recombinant DNA (r-DNA)
or chimeric DNA.
(3) Transfer of r-DNA into suitable competent host or cloning organism :
(a) In a competent host cell, ( bacterium) naked r-DNA is transferred by process
of ‘transformation’ .This is done with divalent Ca++
(b) The cloning organisms are E.coli and Agrobacterium tumifaciens.
(4) 
Selection of the transformed host cell : Marker gene of plasmid vector is
employed for isolating recombinant cell form non recombinant cell.
(5) 
Multiplication of transformed host cell : The transformed host cells are
introduced into fresh culture media where they divide.
(6) Then desired products like enzymes, antibiotics, etc. separated and purified
through down stream processing using bioreactors.

Q. 28. (1) Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It forms 80–85% volume of the brain.
(2) A median longitudinal fissure divides the cerebrum into two cerebral hemispheres.
These hemispheres are interconnected by a thick band of transverse nerve fibres
called corpus callosum.
(3) The outer part of cerebrum is called cerebral cortex while the inner part is called
cerebral medulla.
(4) The roof of cerebrum is called pallium. Pallium is highly folded forming sulci
and gyri. Sulci are depressions while gyri are ridges. The gyri increase the surface
area of cerebral cortex.
(5) The ventro-lateral walls of cerebrum are thickened and are called corpora striata.
(6) The cerebral cortex has three deep sulci, the central, lateral and parieto-occipital.
(7) These sulci divide the cerebral hemisphere into four lobes. These are frontal,
parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. A fifth median lobe called insula or insular
cortex is folded deep within the lateral sulcus.
(8) The central sulcus separates frontal and parietal lobes, the lateral sulcus separates
parietal and temporal lobes and the parietooccipital sulcus separates parietal and
occipital lobes.

8 solutions to navneet practice papers : std. xii

Q. 29. The heart shows four chambers with two atria, right and left and two ventricles, right
and left.

Fig. Internal structure of human heart

1. Right atrium :
(1) Atria are thin walled receiving chambers on the upper side, these are separated
by interatrial septum.
(2) The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from upper part of body through
superior vena cava and from the lower part of the body by inferior vena cava.
In the right atrium opens the coronary sinus which brings blood from the heart
muscles.
(3) Eustachian valve guards the opening of inferior vena cava while opening of
coronary sinus is guarded by Thebesian valve.
(4) An oval depression called fossa ovalis is present which represents the foramen
ovale of embryonic condition.
(5) Right atrium opens into the right ventricle.
2. Left atrium :
(1) The oxygenated blood from the lungs is brought into left atrium through four
openings of pulmonary veins.
(2) Left atrium opens into the left ventricle.
Ventricles :
(1) Two thick walled distributing chambers situated on the lower side of the heart.
Interventricular septum divides two ventricles.
(2) Left ventricle has thickest wall as it pumps blood to all parts of the body.
(3) The inner surface of the ventricle is thrown into a series of irregular muscular
ridges called columnae carnae or trabeculae carnae.
(4) Each atrium opens into the ventricle of its side through atrioventricular aperture.
These apertures are guarded by right tricuspid valve and left bicuspid valves
respectively.

solutions to navneet practice papers : std. xii 9

 (5) Bicuspid and tricuspid valves are attached to papillary muscles of ventricles
by chordae tendinae. The chordae tendinae prevent the valves from turning
back into the atria during the contraction of ventricles.
(6) From the right ventricle arises pulmonary trunk which carries deoxygenated
blood to lungs for oxygenation.
(7) From the left ventricle arise systemic aorta which distributes oxygenated blood
to all parts of the body.
(8) Pulmonary aorta and systemic aorta has three semilunar valves at the base
which prevent backward flow of blood during ventricular diastole.
Q. 30. Translation involves the following steps :
1. Activation of amino acids and formation of charged t-RNA (t-RNA – amino
acid complex) : In the presence of an enzyme amino acyl t-RNA synthetase, the
amino acid is activated and then attached to the specific t – RNA molecule at 3’
end to form charged t – RNA (t-TRNA – amino acid complex). This reaction
needs ATP
2. Initiation of Polypeptide chain :
(1) Small subunit of ribosome binds to the m – RNA at 5’ end.
(2) Start codon is positioned properly at P-site.
(3) Initiator t – RNA (carrying amino acid methionine in eukaryotes or formyl
methionine in prokaryotes) binds with initiation codon (AUG) of m – RNA,
by its anticodon (UAC) through hydrogen bonds.
(4) The large subunit of ribosome joins with the smaller subunit in the presence
of Mg++.
(5) Thus, initiator charged t – RNA occupies the P-site and A-site is vacant.
3. Elongations of polypeptide chain : Addition of amino acid occurs in 3 step cycle
(1) Codon recognition.
• Anticodon of second (and subsequent) amino acyl t – RNA molecule
recognizes and binds with codon at A-site by hydrogen bonds.
(2) Peptide bond formation.
• Ribozyme catalyzes the peptide bond formation between amino acids on the
initiator t – RNA at P-site and t – RNA at A-site.
• It takes less than 0.1 second for formation of peptide bond.
• Initiator t-RNA at ‘P’ site is then released from E-site.
(3) Translocation.
• Translocation is the process in which sequence of codons on m – RNA is
decoded and accordingly amino acids are added in specific sequence to form
a polypeptide on ribosomes.

10 solutions to navneet practice papers : std. xii

 • Due to this ‘A’-site becomes vacant to receive next charged t – RNA
molecule.
• The events like arrival of t-RNA – amino acid complex, formation of peptide
bond, ribosomal translocation and release of previous t – RNA, are repeated.
• As ribosome move over the m – RNA, all the codons on m – RNA are
exposed one by one for translation.
4. Termination and release of polypeptide :
(1) When stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) gets exposed at the A-site, the release
factor binds to the stop codon, thereby terminating the translation process.
(2) The polypeptide gets released in the cytoplasm.
(3) Two subunits of ribosome dissociate and last t-RNA and m-RNA are released
in the cytoplasm.
(4) m-RNA gets denatured by nucleases immediately
Q. 31. 1. The correct labelling to the diagram of female reproductive system are :
(1) Fallopian tube
(2) Vagina
(3) Ampulla of fallopian tube
(4) Ovarian ligament
(5) Uterus
(6) Ovary
(7) Infundibulum with fimbriae
(8) Endometrium of uterus
2. Functions of uterus :
(i) Uterus receives ovum from fallopian tubes, develops placenta and provides
site for implantation of embryo.
(ii) It provides protection and nourishment to the developing embryo.
(iii) It also provides path for sperms to ascend.
(iv) Due to contractions of uterus, baby is expelled out at the time of parturition.
3. Functions of ovary :
(i) Production of ova by performing oogenesis.
(ii) Production of female hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

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solutions to navneet practice papers : std. xii 11