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Scatter PLOTS_20 Jan 2023

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11 views23 pages

Scatter PLOTS_20 Jan 2023

Uploaded by

Eve Bhasera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A scatter plot is a diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values of TWO

related variables in a set of data. We call these data BIVARATE Data because it is
collected from two variables.

 Independent variables: This variable is not affected by the 2 nd variable


 Dependant variables: This variable is affected by the first variable

Independent variable: x−axis


Dependent variable: y−axis

EXAMPLE 1

EXAMPLE 2
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These two variable might have a Relationship or Correlation and show us certain
trends.
If the Correlation exists, it can be classified according to its:
 FORM: Linear of Non-Linear
 DIRECTION: These trends can have a POSITIVE or NEGATIVE
CORRELATION
 STRENGHT: THE PLOTS have a STRONG or WEAK correlation, depending how close
these dots are

 FORM

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DIRECTION & STRENGHT

 POSITIVE

 NEGATIVE

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SOME FOR YOU TO DO

1. State the type of the relationship between the variables x and y , suggested by the scatterplot:

ANSWER:

2. State the type of relationship between x and y for each of the scatterplots below:

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3. Mary sells business shirts in a department store. She always records the number of different
styles of shirt sold during the day. The table below shows her sales over one week.

a) Construct a scatterplot of the data


b) State the type of correlation between the variables: _________________________________

4. The table below shows the number of questions solved by each student on a test, and the
corresponding total score on that test.

a) Construct a scatterplot of the data


b) State the type of correlation between the variables: _________________________________

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ANSWERS:

1. STRONG, POSITIVE, LINEAR CORRELATION

2.

3.

4.

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LINE OF BEST FIT / REGRESSION LINE

EXAMPLE

OUTLIERS
This is a data point which is distant from the other points on the scatterplot diagram.

HOW TO DETERMINE THE POINT OF THE OUTLIER


 Q 1−1.5(Q 3−Q1)
 Q 3+1.5(Q 3−Q1)

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Line of Best-fit/Regression Line: Correlation coefficient – r

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Example
Consider the following scatterplot of information obtained by a publishing company that
recorded the number of books sold over a period of 12 months.

Months 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Total books
10 22 20 38 46 100 48 62 61 74 88 86
Sold

 Draw the line of best fit through the data. Equal data points have to be above and below the
line. One point which is way out compared to the others is called an outlier.

OUTLIER

LINE OF BEST FIT / REGRESSION

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MODE 3

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Example
The table represents the distance in meters required by a car to apply breaks and reach a
standstill when it is travelling at a given speed.

Speed in km/h 20 40 60 80 100 120 140


Breaking distance in m 6 16 3 48 70 80 110

Enter the Data in your calculator in order to find the values of r , a , b , x ,∧ y

a
b
r
x
y

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Example
The following table shows the age of eight fossils of a particular species of ape found in South
America and the interior volume of their skulls.

Age in millions of years 2,4 2,0 0,8 1,1 1,6 0,7 0,3 1,4
3
Volume of skulls (𝑐𝑚 ) 38 82 174 171 89 159 206 129

Calculate the correlation coefficient (r) and comment on the strength of the linear association.

Solution Calculator:

MODE 3
2: A + BX
Key in the data:
Column (X) 2.4 = ….
Column (Y) 38 = ….
PRESS AC PRESS SHIFT 1
PRESS 5: REG
PRESS 3: r – for the value of r (-0,967997)

Therefore there is a strong negative


linear correlation between the variables.

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HOMEWORK

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ANSWERS

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SCATTER PLOTS EXAM TYPE Questions.
QUESTION 1

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QUESTION 2

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QUESTION

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