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Chap 04 Logarithms and Their Properties 323

JEE Type Solved Examples: • Ex. 5 lfa'ogbc = 3 • 3log43 • 3,OS43

!lo84 3 >3|0g43lo^3IOS43 Also, b- a = 36- a is a square for a = 35, 32, 27, 20,11

Single Option Correct Type Questions where a,b,cE Q, the value of abc is Now,
^2 36^
c = — = — is an integer for a = 27
a a
(a) 9 (b) 12 (c) 16 (d) 20
The pairs (a, b) are a = 27, b = 36, c = 48
■ This section contains 8 multiple choice examples. Each Sol. (c) [log* c _ gl+log^ 3 + (log.| 3)2 + (log4 3)3 + ... ~
a
example has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which (3,32), (4, 42), (5,52), (6,62), (44, 442) and (3,33), (4,43), Hence, a + b-c = 27 +36 - 48 = 15
_ log4 3) _ jl/log4(4/3) -^log-i/S*
ONLY ONE is correct.
(5,53).... (12,123).
. ( kit 4 4 r bedy . (acd]
• Ex. 1 The expression log 2 5 - ^log2 sin — reduces Hence, there are 42 +10 = 52 pairs. a = 3, b = —, c = 4 • Ex. 8 lfx = \og2a .y=i°g3hl — J
r. '7
3
„ **==11 k
P 2 2 4
fo —, where p and q are co-prime, the value of p +q is • Ex. 3 The lengths of the sides of a triangle are log 1012, Hence, abc =3 — 4 = 16 *=log4c ----- an</w = log5j and
q log10 75 and log 10 n, where nE N. If a and b are the least 3 k 4 J < 5 7
(a) 13 (b) 17 I(c) 26 (d) 29 and greatest values ofn respectively, the value ofb - a is • Ex. 6 Number of real roots of equation 1 1 1
4 ( ■ 4-------- +---- log aha/ N +1, the value of N is
divisible by 3log3(x2-4x+3)=(x_3)/s x+1 w+1
Sol. (b) Let p = log25- £log2. sin —
it = i 5 7 (a) 221 (b) 222 (c) 223 (d) 224 (a) 40 (b) 80
(a)0 (b)1 (c)2 (d) infinite
/ Sol. (c) In a triangle, (c) 120 (d) 160
7t Y A i 31| E3(y 2-4y + 3)=(y _3)
. f 2lt
= log25-]log2 sin - + log2 f sin — log1012 + log10 75 > log10 n => n < 12 x 75 = 900
Sol. (a) v ...(i) bed A
5 k \ 5 7, Sol. (c) v * = log2J —
n < 900 -.(i) Eq. (i) is defined, if x2 - 4x + 3 > 0 .2J
f . ( 3s Y| I (47t
4“ log 21 sin I — + 10g2| sin| — and log1012 + log10 n > log]075 => (x-l)(x-3)>0 2abcd
7 \ => x < 1 or x > 3 ,(ii) x +1 = log2a = log2a(abcd)
75 25 2
n>—=—
, , , . it . 2n . 3n . 44m ^nb 12 4 Eq. (i) reduces to x2 - 4x+3 = x-3 => x2-5x + 6 = 0
= log25 — log2 sin—sin---- sm----- sin — 1

t
t
5 = logafcfd2a

ne
ne
25 X = 2, 3 (iii)
n> — (ii) x+1

e.
e.

1 cl • 2^1 • 2^271 A 4 From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), use get x e 0

= log25-log2^sm I — l-sm l-l- 1 1

iv
tiv

25 Similarly,------ = logakd3b,-------= log^ 4 c

at
Number of real roots = 0
a

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get — < n < 900 ' y+1 z+1

re
re

(l-cos72°)(l — cos 144°)] 4

• Ex. 7 //log 6 a + log 6 b + log 6 c = 6, where a, b,cE N and

nc
nc

= log25-Iog2
4 J n = 7, 8, 9, 10,. 899 and —-— logabcd
ar

ar
a, b, c are in GP and b-a is a square of an integer, then the w+1
Hence, a = 7,6 = 899
.le

.le
(l-sinl8°)(l + cos36°)| value ofa + b-c is
= log25-log2 b-a = 892 = 4 X 223 1 1 1 1
w

w
4 (a) 21 (b)15 (c)9 (d)3
+----- +----- + = \ogabcd(2a-3b-4c-5d)
w

w
Hence, b - a is divisible by 223. x+1 y +1 2+1 w +1
/
w

w
V5-1 Sol. (b) ■■ Iog6 a + log6 b + log6 c = 6
1- 1+ => = logataX^Oafccd)
4 4 7 <1 + log3(a6c)> log6(abc) =6
= log25-log2 • Ex. 4 If5 logabc (a3 + b3 +v 3) = 3X and abc = 66 = logakJ 120 + 1
4 log3 (a6c) y
=> b3 = 66 [v b2 = ac] = logoM N +1 [given]
(abc)a+b+c = 1 and X = —, where m and n are relative primes, Hence, N = 120
=> b = 36
(5-J5)(5 + V5)] = 5 n
= log25-log2 log25-log2 —
64 16 the value of\ m + n| +1 m - n| is
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c)12 (d) 14 JEE Type Solved Examples:
= log2| 5X — ] = log224 = - = - [given]
k 5 kJ 1 q
Sol. (b)-.‘ (abc)a+b*c = l=(abc)°
More than One Correct Option Type Questions
p=4,q = l :. a + b + c =0 => a3 + b3 +c3 =3abc
Hence, p2 +q2 = 42 +12 = 17 Now, LHS = 51ogafcc(a3 + b3 +c3) = 5\ogabc(3abc) •(>) ■ This section contains 4 multiple choice examples. Each 3ab(a + b) = 0 => a = 0orb = 0ora + b = 0
example has four choices (a), (b), (c) and (d) out of which logi0x + 2= Oor log10x — 1 = 0
<l + log3(abc)'] log3(3Qfec)
• Ex. 2 If3 < a < 2015,3 < b < 2015 such that and RHS = 3X 3X more than one may be correct.
< log3(abc) , log3(abc) or 21og10x + l = 0
loga b + 6 log 5 a = 5, the number of ordered pairs (a, b) of => x = 10"2 or x = 10 or x = 10“1/2
= 3Xlogflfcc(3abc) -(ii) • Ex. 9 The equation
integers is
(log10 x + 2)3 +(log10 x-1)3 = (2logw x+1)3 has Hence, x=—1 or x = 10 or x = -7=
1
(a) 48 (b) 50 (c) 52 (d)54 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
100 V10
5 logflk(3abc) = 3Xloga&c(3abc) (a) no natural solution (b) two rational solutions
Sol. (c) Let x = log,, b —(i)
. _5_ m (c) no prime solution (d) one irrational solution
6 , A — —----- [given] • Ex. 10 The value 0/°gs 9 ■ log7 5 ■ log, 7 + 1__
=> x+— = 5 => x2-5x + 6 = 0 => x = 2,3 is
3 n Sol. (b, c, d) Let log10 x + 2 = a and log10 x -1 = b
x log3 76 log 4 76
=> m = 5, n = 3 :. a + b = 21og10 x + 1, then given equation reduces to
From Eq. (i), we get loga b = 2, 3 co-prime with
=> b = a2 or a3
Hence, |m + n| + |m-n| = 8 + 2 = 10 a3 + b3= (a + b)3
(a)1 (b)3 (c)4 (d)5
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Chap 04 Logarithms and Their Properties 325

1 (a)xi + x2=l01 (b)y,+y2=25

Sol. (a. b, d) Let P = => x > 0, y > 2
log3 V6 log4 V6 (c) X}X2 = 100 (d) zyz2 = 100
-(Hi) Passage II
On squaring both sides, we get (Ex. Nos. 16 to 18)
= -j^^ + logVi4 = log^9 + logV?4 So/, (a, b, c, d) Let logj0 x = a, logi0y = b and logic z = c
x + y-2 + 2Vx ^(y - 2) = x + y
Then, given equations reduces to = land log,{log,(log, x)} = 0.
= log^(36) = log^)4 =4 => P = 4 a + b-ab = 4- log]0 2000 = logic5 -.(i) 4xfy-2 = 1
16. The value of x is
b + c-bc = l- logic 2 = logic 5 •••(ii) => x(y-2) = l (iv)
which is co-prime with 1,3,4 and 5. (a)/ (b) r9 (c) rp (d)rq
and c + a - ca = 0 ..(iii) From Eqs. (i) and (in),we get
10iogp(io&?(i°&-x)] _ j _ 10,o<
• Ex. 11 Which of the following quantities are irrational From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get x > 2, y > 2 So/, (d) v
for the quadratic equation a + b-ab = b + c-bc and from Eqs. (ii) and (iv), we get y = x logp{log4?(logrx)} = 0
(log 108)x2 ~(logl05)x = 2(log210)“1-x ? =» (c-a)-b(c-a) = 0 From Eq. (u), (x-2)x = l logq(logrx) = l => Iogrx = q

(a) Sum of roots (b) Product of roots (c-a)(l-£>) =0 => x2 - 2x - 1 = 0 x = r9 ...(i)

(c) Sum of coefficients (d) Discriminant l-b^0, c-a = 0=> c = a and log,{logr(logpx)} = 0
2 ± ^4 + 4
From Eq. (iii), we get x= [neglect - ve sign, since x > 2] logr(logpx) = 1 => logpx = r
Sol. (c, d) V (log108)x2 -(logI05)x = 2(log210)-1 - x 2
=> (31ogi02)x2 +(1 -logi05)x-21og102= 0 2a-a2 =0 => a = 0,2 13. (b) y = (72 + 1). x = pr -(H)
Then, c = a =$ c =0, 2 From Eqs. (i) and (u), we get x = rq = pr
=> (31og102)x2 + (logic2)x -21og102 = 0 14. (c) y = x = 'l + l
and b = log105,2 —log105
x2t2~6 + y6-2'1 = 6
Now, Sum of roots = -- = Rational logi0 x = 0,2 => x = 10°, 102 15- (d)--
3
<a)r’" (b)rq (c) 1 (d)//<?
2 => x =1,100 => + (y -')2,!-‘=6
Product of roots = - - = Rational Sol. (a) r9 =pr ...(Hi)
3 Xj = 1, x2 = 100 (• y 22\f2-3’+(y -2),2-q =6
)''-
=>
t

t
ne

ne
Sum of coefficients = 3 log10 2 + log10 2-2 logic 2 and logioy = logi05,2-log105
e.

e.
= 2 logic 2 = Irrational => (3 + 2>/2),!'3 +(3-2-72 )'!‘3 =6
= logic 5, log1020
iv

iv
18. The value of q is
at

at
Discriminant = (logic2)2 + 24 (log10 2)2 y =5 20 Now, we get t2 - 3 = ± 1
(a)rp/r (b)plogpr (c)rlog,p (d)/'”
re

re
=> Fi = 5, y2 = 20
nc

nc
= 25 (logic 2)2 = Irrational => tz=4,2 Sol. (c) From Eq. (Hi),
ar

ar
and log]0z = 0, 2 => z = 10°, 102
qlogr = r logp => q = r 'logpV Hog,?
• Ex. 12 The system of equations
.le

.le
z = 1,100
w

w
logw(2000xy) - log10 x • log10 y = 4 h t2t3 t4=(2)(-2)(V2)(-V2)=8 < logr >
w

w
log10(2yz)-log10 y ■ log10 z =1 Zj = 1, z2 = 100
w

w
andlog10(zx)-log10 z-log10 x=0 Finally, Xj + x2 = 1.+100 = 101, yi +y2 = 5 + 20 = 25,
has two solutions (xv yv z}) and (x2, y2, Zi)> ^en X]X2 = 1X100 = 100 and zxz2 = 1 x 100 = 100 J EE Type Solved Examples:
Single Integer Answer Type Questions
JEE Type Solved Examples:
• This section contains 2 examples. The answer to each • Ex. 20 //(31.6)a = (0.0000316)b - 100, the value of
Passage Based Questions ■ example is a single digit integer ranging from 0 to 9 1 1 .
(both inclusive). -------- is
a b
2t2-6 2 • Ex. 19 If X] and x2 are the solutions of the equation
■ This section contains 2 solved passages based upon each 15. Ifx + y6'2( = 6, the value of t, t2t3 t4 is
of the passage 3 multiple choice examples have to be Sol. (3) v (31.6)a= (0.0000316)* = 100
^'°x =100x such that x, >1 and x2 <1, the value of^^~ is
answered. Each of these examples has four choices (a), (b), (a)1 (b) 2 (c)4 (d) 8 alogio(31.6) = Mog10(0.0000316)= logi0100
(c) and (d) out of which ONLY ONE is correct. So/.(5)v xlogl0I = i00x
So/. (Ex. Nos. 13-15) alog10(31.6)= 61og10(31.6x 10“6)= 2
Passage I logio(x - 2) + log]0y = 0 Taking logarithm on both sides on base 10, then we get
alog10(31.6) = b logi0 (31.6)- 6b = 2
(Ex. Nos. 13 to 15) x - 2 > 0, y > 0 logjo x • log10 x = log10100 + logi0 x 2
=> (logic x)2 - logi0 x - 2 = 0 - = log10(31.6)
Suppose that log 10(x - 2) + log 10 y = 0 and x > 2,y > 0 ...(0 a
=❖ (logio X - 2) (logic X + 1) = 0 2
Vx+7(y - 2) = 7(*+y)- and logio{(x-2)y} = 0 and - = logi0(31.6)-6
log10 x = 2, - 1 => x = 10z, 10”1 b
13. The value of x is => (x - 2)y = 10° = 1
(a) 2 + 41 (b) 1 + Vi (d)4-V2 X! = 100, x2 = —
1-1=6
(x-2)y = l ■(ii) a b
10
14. The value of y is Also, given that Vx + f(y - 2) = f(x + y) ^1 = 5 l->=3 '
2 a b
(a) 2 (b) 2V2
x £ 0, y - 2 £ 0, x + y > 0
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Chap 04 Logarithms and Their Properties 327

JEE Type Solved Examples: 2X2 -7X-4=0 => X = 4,--

2
a 1 26
Let — = X, then X + — =
P X ’ 5
Matching Type Questions log2 x = 4, — - => y =24,2-1/2 5X2 - 26X + 5 = 0
2
5XZ - 25X - X + 5 = 0
■ This section contains 2 examples. Examples 24 and 25 . 1 „ => x = 16, -L
have three statements (A, B and C) given in Column I and logs X = - -, 2 (X - 5)(5X — 1) = 0
V2
four statements (p, q, r and s) in Column II. Any given X = 5, -
statement in Column I can have correct matching with x = 5-,/2 ,52 or y = 4=,25 => x = 16, x # -L [vx>l] 5
V5 V2
one or more statement(s) given in Column II. a r 1 a
— = 5, - => — = 5
.’. Product of the values of x = 4= X 25 = 5^5 Solutions are x = 2,16
P 5 P
• Ex. 21 V5 • :. Sum of solutions = 2 + 16 = 18
(C) v logfc a = - 3 and logfc c = 4 a = 5P ...(i)
Column I Column II (C) If a = logx.P = logy
1 3 and a + 0 = logx + logy = log(xy) = log(64)
logca = -- ■0) ii ii a
a P
(A) If X] and X2 satisfy the equation 4 logy x + logx
log =-
xy = —+- a+P = 61og2 ...(ii)
(x + i)losioU+D _ 100(x + then P a
(P) irrational and a/ix _
= c x-1 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
the value oVi + 1) (*2 + 1) + 5 is 5(logyX + logxy) = 26 P = log2 and a = 51og2
3xloga = (x - l)logc
=> a 26 y = 2»x = 32ory = 32,x=2
(B) The product of all values of x 3x logc a = x - 1
which make the following P a 5 |x-y| = 30
(q) rational n 3
statement true 3x x - - = x - 1 [from Eq. (i)]
(r) prime 4
(log3x) (log59) - logx25 + log32 A . 4 4

= log354, is -9x = 4x - 4 or x = —
(C) If logfr a = -3, logfrc = 4 and if the (s) composite
13 JEE Type Solved Examples:
9 = 13 [prime and rational]
Statement I and II Type Questions

t
t
value of x satisfying the equation

ne
ne

aix = c*"1 is expressed in the form

e.
e.

• Ex. 22
iv

tiv
p/q, where p and q are relatively
• Ex. 24 Statement-1 lfp,q£ N satisfy the equation
at

prime, then q is Column I Column II ■ Directions Example numbers 23 to 24 are

ea
x^* = (Vx)x and q> p, then q is a perfect number.
re

Assertion-Reason type examples. Each of these examples

r
(t) i twin prime (A) If a and p are the roots of (P) divisible by 2
nc

nc
contains two statements: Statement-2 If a number is equal to the sum of its factor,
ax2 + bx + c = 0, where
ar

ar
Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2 (Reason)
So/. A -> (q, s, t), B ->(p), C —> (q, r) a = 2log2 3 - 3log3 2, then number is known as perfect number.
.le

.le
Each of these examples also has four alternative choices,
Sol.(d)-.- x7x=(V7)x
w

w
(A) (x + l)IoB,o(x + 1) = 100(x + 1) b=1+2 log2 3 _ | 7,083 2 only one of which is the correct answer. You have to select
w

w
the correct choice as given below.
w

w
Taking logarithm on both sides on base 10, then we get Taking logarithm on both sides on base e, then
and c = log2 log2 , (q) divisible by 4 (a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
logI0(x + 1)- log10(x + 1) = log10100 + Iog10(x + 1) is a correct explanation for Statement-1 In(x)77 = ln(V7)x
=> {logio(x + I)}2 = 2 + log10(x + 1) then HM of a and p is (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
is not a correct explanation for Statement-1 Vx In x = x InVx filnx = ~lnx
(B) The sum of the solutions of the (r) divisible by 6
=> {log10(x + l)}2 - log10 (x+ 1)-2 = 0 (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
equation________
=> {log10(x + 1) - 2} {log10(x + 1) + 1} = 0 (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true r- x 1 »
|x_11log2x2-21ogx4=(x_1)7 is (s) divisible by 8 => Inx x---- = 0
20 2)
logj0(x + 1) = 2, -1 ' 1
• Ex. 23 Statement-1 IfN = — , then N contains / r^y
(C) If5(logyx+ logxy) = 26, xy =64, (t) divisible by 10
(x + 1) = 102,10-1 lnx-Vx • 1-------= 0
then the value of | x - y | is 7 digits before decimal. ' 0.4 =>
(Xi + l)(x2 +l) = 102 x 10’1 = 10 Statement-2 Characteristic of the logarithm ofN to the
I 2J
So/. A -> (p, q, r), B -> (p, r), C -> (p, r, t)
=> (xj + l)(x2 + 1) + 5 = 10 + 5 base 10 is 7. In x = 0, Vx = 0,1----- — = 0
(A) ■: a = 3 - 2 = 1, b = 1, c = log2 log2 22 20 20 2
= 15 = 3x5 1_ 10
Sol. (d) •.• N= x = 1,0, 4
(B) v(log3 x) (log5 9) ~ logx 25 + log3 2 = log3 54 = log2(2"6) = -6 0.4 22
xeN
=> 2log5x - 21ogx5 = log354 - log32 ■ The equation reduces tox22 + x- 6 = 0 => logi0 N = 20(1 - 2 logio 2) = 20 (1 - 2 X 0.3010)
x = 1, 4 => p = 1 and q = 4
= log3(27) = 3 a + p = -1, aP = - 6 = 20x 0.3980-7.9660 .
4 = 1 x 2 X 2 => 4 * 1 + 2 + 2
Let log5 x = X, then HM = ^L = ^ = 12 Since, characteristic of Iog10 N is 7, therefore the number of
.'. q is not a perfect number.
a+P (-1) digits in N will be 7 + 1, i.e. 8.
2X-- = 3 Hence, Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is true.
X (B) Obviously, x = 2 is a solution. Since, LHS is positive, Hence, Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is true.
2X2 - 3X - 2 = 0 x - 1 > 0. The equation reduces to
2X2 - 4X + X -2 = 0 log2x2 -21ogx4 =7
2X(X - 2) + 1(X - 2) = 0 => X = --,2 4
2 2X - — = 7, where X = log2 x
A
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Chap 04 Logarithms and Their Properties 329

Subjective Type Questions • Ex. 32 lfax = b,by =c, cz =a, x = log/,a<ri,y=logc bk2, (b + c)lna + (c + a)lnb + (a + b)lnc = 0

J = l°ga ck\find the minimum value of3k} +6k2 +12/r3. In a6+c + In bc + 0 + lncfl+fr = 0
■ In this section, there are 21 subjective solved examples.
Sol.-.- a = cz=(by)z [vc = by] In {ai{,+e.bc+a-cfl+k} = 0
and 8>7
• Ex. 25 Prove that log3 5 is an irrational. => log8 > log7 ■<ii) [vb = aI] ab*e-bc +fl.ca + = e =1 ...(0
= byz = (ax)yz = a
Sol. Let log3 5 is rational. From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get xyz = 1 Again, AM > GM
+fc
log 11 • log8 > log7 • log5 Also, xyz = logfr akl • loge bk2 • loga ck3
=>
ab+c + b'ff ->(a‘ .bc+a
■ Ca + fc)1/3

log3 5 = —, where p and q are co-prime numbers.

9 logll log5 , ,, . 3
>m A- => log7ll>log85 = fc1-fc2-fc3-log()a-logcb-logac
=> 5 = 3p,<? => 3P =59 log 7 log8 = (1)1,3 = 1 [from Eq. (i)]
1 = kj2fc3
which is not possible, hence our assumption is wrong. AM>GM or ?+c + bc+fl -a+b >3
• Ex. 30 Given, a2 +b2 = c2. Prove that
Hence, log3 5 is an irrational. . 3fc| + 6/b 2 + 12fc3
>(3fcr6fc2-12fc3)1/3 x
logh+c a + logc_fc a = 2 logc+h a • logc_h a,V a>Q,a*1 3 4
• Ex. 26 Find the value of the expression • Ex. 35 Simplify 5log1/5(1/2)
c - b>0,c + b>0 = (3-6-12-fc1fc2fc3).1/3
1 ^x/7 + 77 y
(log 2)3 +Iog8 • Iog5 +(log5)3.
c - b 1, c + b 1. = (3-612)1/3 [•/ kf2k3 = 1] /
1
Sol.log2 + log5 = log(2-5) = loglO = 1 ...(i) Sol. LHS = logh+cq + logc_fcq = (23-33)1/3 =6
J0 + 2V2l/
=> (Iog2 + log5)3 = 1
1 1
=--------------- 4------------------
or 3fc] + 6k2 + 12/c3 > 18 '(2) _5log5(2) _2
>Ogl/5
=> (log2)3 + (log5)3 + 31og21og 5(log2 + log5) = I3 loga(c + b) loga(c - b) Minimum value of 3^ + 6k2 + 12fc3 is 18. Sol. 5
/
loga(c + b) + loga(c - b) ' 4 4(77 -77)
• Ex. 33 lfx=l + loga bc,y =1 + log6 ca,z =1 + logc ab, log^ = logyi
loga(c + &)loga(c - b) .77 + ^ j77 + 77)(77 - 77)y

t
t

ne
ne

=> (log2)3 + (log5)3 + log23 log5(l) = 1 prove that xyz = xy +yz + zx.
[from Eq. (i)] = l°gy2(77 - fi)

e.
e.

loga(c2 - b2)
logb + logc

iv
tiv

(log2)3 + Iog81og5 + (Iog5)3 = 1 loga(c + i)-loga(c-fe) Sol. ■; x = 1 + loga be = 1 + =1+

at
= log21/2(T7-^)*
a

loga log a

re
re

logaa2 loga + logb + logc

nc
nc

• Ex. 27 If Xlog3 5 = 81, find the value o/X(log3 5)2. [vc2-b2=fl2] = _L log2(77 -J5)
loga(c + h)-logfl(c-fr)

ar
ar

loga 1/2

.le
.le

Sol. v Xlog35=81 21ogaq

or
2_ loga
—(0
= log2( 77 - 77)z = log2(10 - 2721)

w
w

loga(c + t)-logfl(c-/>)

w
w

. (Xlog35)log35 = (81)log35 X loga + logb + logc f 1

w
w

and log1/2 = log2(10 + 2T2T)

—> 2_0°g3 5)2 _ logj 5 _ <jlog3 5 4
=________ 2________ 1 logb JO + 2771
= 54 = 625 Similarly, — = -(ii)
logfl(c + t)Toga(c ~ fe) y loga + logb + logc
Hence,
• Ex. 28 Find the product of the positive roots of the = 21ogc+frq-logc_J,q = RHS 1 logc x /
and .-(iii) 5i"8.«0'0 + log7- 4 1
equation >/(2009)(x)log2°°9 x =x2. z loga + logb + logc + logi/2
• Ex. 31 Leta>0,c>0,b = y[ac\a,c andac*l,N>Q. F + Tu JO+ 2771,
On adding Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
= 2 + log2(10 - 2771) + log2( 10 + 2771)
Sol. Given, 7(2009)(x)log20O’x = x2 Provethat !gg^=!2.g£^-|og^ 1 1 1
-+-+-=1 = 2 + log2 {(10 - 2771) (10 + 2771)}
Taking logarithm both sides on base 2009, then logc^ log/, ^-logc N xyz
log2009 -7(2009) + log2009 x ■ log2009 x = l°g2009 X2 __ 1_ 1 or xyz = xy + yz + zx = 2 + log2(100 - 84) = 2 + log2(2)4 =2+4=6
loga N - logh N logNq 10gN
Sol. RHS
logbN - IogcN 1 1 • Ex. 34 = prove that • Ex. 36 Find the square of the sum of the roots of the
logN b logN c (6-c) (c-a) (a-b) equation log2 x- log3 x- log5 x = log2 x- log3 x
1 H
=> ~ + (l°g2009 x)2 = 21og2009 x [forx >0] b+c Lc+a „a+b + log3 X • log 5 X + log 5 X • log 2 X.
(logN - logN Q) log^C a • b • C := 1
Sol. Let log2 x = A, log3 x = B and log5 x = C, then the given
(logN c - logN b) logNa Also, prove that „b+c
a b+c + bc+a + cfl+b >3.
a equation can be written as
(log2009 x)2 “ 21og2009 x + -=0
2 i ' b
10gN ~ Sol. Since, a>0, b>0,c >0 ABC = AB+ BC + CA = ABC - + — + -
If roots are X] and x2, then log2009 xi + I°g2oo9 *2=2 yq logaN_ logflN_T Ina Inb Inc {CAB
.2 logc N logc N (b - c) (c - a) (a - b)
=> log2009(xi*2) = 2 or XjX2 = (2009)' logN 7 ABC|- + — + — -ij = 0
to VA B C J
(b + c)lna + (c + a)lnb + (a + b)lnc
• Ex. 29 Prove that log711 is greater than log 8 5. , - ,2 be 0
':b = y/ac=^b =ac=>- = - or A = 0, B = 0, C = 0, — + — + — -1 = 0
So/, v 11 >5 a b [using ratio and proportion] ABC
=> logll>log5 (i)
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Chap 04 Logarithms and Their Properties 331

log2 x = 0, log3 x = 0, logs x = 0. logx 2 + logx 3 + logT 5 = 0 2a + -

21og23+log27 _____ c
x>0 x > 0, x # 1 => 3|x| = 10 => |x| = y log(x - !)• 21og3x - —-------7=0
2+ log25 + log27 , 1 log3 x
2 + ab + -
or x = 2°, x = 3°, x = 5°,logx(2-3-5) = 0 c 10 20 log(x - l){2(log3 x)2 - 7 log3 x - 4} = 0
x = — ,y = — [from Eq. (ii)]
[from Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii)] 3 3 log(x-l)(log3x- 4) (21og3 x + 1) = 0
or x = 1, x = 1, x = 1, x = 30
2ac + 1 CaseII If x < 0, then |x| = - x
Roots are 1 and 30. log(x - 1) = 0, log3 x = 4, log3 x = -
v2c + abc +1J From Eq. (iii),
Hence, the required value x - 1 = (10)°, x = 34, x = 3,-1/2
|x-2x| = 10
= (l + 30)2 =(31)2 =961 =>
• Ex. 39 Show that the sum of the roots of the equation |-x| = 10 => |x| = 10 x - 1 = 1, x = 81, x = -L
x+1 = 2log2(2x +3) - 2 log4(1980 - 2-x) zslog211. -x = 10 V3
• Ex. 37 Given that log2 a = X,log4 h = X2 and 1_
Sol. Given, x = -10 x = 2,81 v x > 2, /. x #
2
<_2~ 5
a b From Eq. (ii), y = 20
Ji
logc2 (8) = , write log 2 as a function of x + 1 = 21og2(2x + 3) - 21og4(1980 - 2"x)
X3 +1 c4 10 201I , -10,20 .
7 = 21og2(2x -+- 3) - 21og22 (1980 - 2-x)1 Hence, solutions are • Ex. 43 Find all real numbers x which satisfy the
(a, b, c > 0, c * 1). 3 3
equation 2 log 2 log 2 x + log 1/2 log 2 (241x) = 1.
Sol. log2 a = X => a = 2,X‘ = 21og2(2x + 3) - 2--log2(1980 - 2-x)
2 • Ex. 41 Solve the following equation for x Sol. Given,
=> log 4 b = X2 = log2(2x + 3)2 — log2(1980 — 2-x)
t
°flloga*logioa loga5 _ glogjotx/IO) _ glogioo *+ I°g4 2
21og2 log2 x + log1/2 log2(2>/2x) = 1

= 4 2 = 22x2
b. _.X
5 => 21og2log2x- log2 log2(2^x) = 1
(2X + 3)2
= Iog2 togflX-logioalogflS _ <jlog10(x/10) _ 9>og 100* + log4 2 => 21og2 log2 x - log2 {logz(2>/2) + log2 x} = 1
2 1980 - 2"x So/.v --a
and logc2 (8) = 5 (3
X3 +1 t => 21og2 Iog2 x - log2 j- + Iog2 xj- = 1

t
(2> + 3)2
ne

ne
2
2
or2’M
=> *.x-logio 5 _ 3(>ogl0 X - 1) _ 2 .2- logic X + -2. [by property]
e.

e.
“l°gc2 = 1980-2“x 3
5 Let log2 x = X, then 21og2 X - log2 - + X = 1
iv

X3 + l

iv
1980(2x + 1) - 2 = 22y + 9 + 6-2y .2
at

at
3logl0 x
4 => 6.5loeio* _ _3'ogiox+i [by property]
re

re
logc2 = 3
=> 22x - 3954-2X+ 11 = 0 •(>) 5 3 log2X2 - log2 - + X = 1
nc

nc
3(X3 + 1) 2
ar

ar
If xb x2 are the roots of Eq. (i), then Let log]0 x = X, then
3(X3 + 1)
.le

.le
3(X3 + 1) 4 2X1-2X2 =11 or 2X| + X2 =11 => -•5X — = 3-3x X2 X2
-A_ = 2‘
w

w
or log2c = or c = 2 10g2
5 3
w

w
4 => Xj + x2 = log2ll
3 i 3 3
-+X -+X
w

w
(a2b5> => -•5X =3X 11 + 3 = l?-3l 2 2
log2 =log2(o2fe5c-4)
U’ • Ex. 40 Solve the following equations for x andy 5 3 3 => X2 = 3 + 2X => X2 - 2X - 3 = 0
. 1 , 5X“2 = 3X"2 which is possible only, where X = 2. (X-3)(X + l) = 0
= log2{22X
2A,2 10A*2'-2-3(x3tl>
-210 logiool* + .y.| = -
2,log
- 10 y -log10|x|. = log100 4.
} X = 3, -1
logi0 x = 2 or log2 x = 3, -1
= log2{2n*10l2-3(X’4,)} 1 I ! 1
Sol. logioo|x + y| = - x = 102 = 100 x = 23,2“’
= 2X + 10X2 - 3(X3 + 1)
|x + y| = (100)1/2 = 10 x = 8,- (i)
• Ex. 42 Find the value ofx satisfying the equation 2
■(>) J
• Ex. 38 Given that log 2 3 = a, log3 5 = b, log7 2 = c, => |x + y| = 10 |x-1|lOg3X ’2l0g*9 =(X-1)7. But the given equation is valid only when,
express the logarithm of the number 63 to the base 140 in and log10y - Iog10| x| = log100 4, y > 0 x > 0,2 fix > 0, log2 x > 0, log2(2V2x) > 0
Sol. The given equation is,
terms ofa, b and c. ( y A 2 2
|x _ 1|1°g3*2-21ogI => x > 0, x > 0, x > 1, x > -4=
Sol. v log2 3 = a —(i) logio r; =1%o22 =71| 8n| 2 9=(x-l)7
kW 10 2 2V2
il=log35 = ^ = ^ This equation is defined for
=3 [from Eq. (i)]
log23 a logio 77 =l°gio2 => ^7 = 2 Hence,x > 1
x2 > 0, x > 0, x # 1 and x - 1 > 1
UXU l*| From Eq. (i), the solution of the given equation is x = 8.
log25 = ab (ii) => x > 2, then Eq. (i) reduces to
=> y = 2|x| .(ii>
and log72 = c (x-l)10g3x2-210g'9=(x-l)7 • Ex. 44 Solve for x,
From Eqs. (i) and (ii),we get
1 log 3/4 Iog8(*2 +7) + log i/2 logi/4(*2 +7) 1 ="2.
= c or log2 7 = - (iii) |x + 2|x|| = 10 ...(iii) Taking log on both sides, then
log27 c
Case I If x > 0, then |x| = x (log3 x2 - 21ogx9)log(x - 1) = 7log(x - 1) Sol. Given,
= l°g2 63 _ l°g;(32x7) From Eq. (iii), => log(x - l){log3 x2 - 21ogx9 - 7} = 0 log3/4 logs (x2 + 7)+log1/2 log1/4 (xz+7)"‘= -2
Now, l°gi40 63
log2140 Iog2(22x5x7)
|x + 2x| = 10

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Textbook of Algebra

=>log3/4 log23 (x2 + 7)+ log2 log, (x2 +7)~l = -2 /

logab + -*- +2] 7l10ga&l ++ 7iiog1 afr| f
fl 2(*-2 +7»-log
=> log3/J-log 1 2 fl-log2(x2 + 7) =-2 logqfr
3 ■■ J [2 4 2

log2(x2 + 7) = 6X 7 7
Let ...(i)
/
Then, logs/4(2X) - log2(3X) - -2 1 1
= ; i/|logab| +
log2(2X) 2V i/i^gJiJ
- log2(3X) = - 2
log2(3/4) and yllogfl I a) + logb ^/(a/TJ
-(log, 3+ log2X) = -2
log23- log24 11. (b] 1.
1 faa
= J-Ioga " +?MZ
1 + log,j. 3 + lo^ = 2 V4 \a J 4 lbb
log23-2
= -(logfl&-l + logfrfl-1)
Again, let log2 X = A and log23 = B, then V4
1+A ..
——-(B +A) = -2 loga& + —----- 2
B—2 logqk
1 + A - B2 - AB + 2B + 2A = -2B + 4 4

A(3-B)=B2 -4B + 3 = (B-l)(B-3) 1___

A =-(B-l)
Vllogqfrl
2
t
ne
[v B - 3 0, i.e. log2 3*3]
-Jlog^Vab + logb Vab - -Jlogfl tfbTa + logb I b)
e.

A + B = 1 => log2 X + log2 3 = 1

iv
at

log2(3X) = 1 P (say)
re

3X = 2 1___
nc

1___
= i. VihiJi + l/|l°ga^l "
ar

3--log2(x2 + 7) = 2 [from Eq. (i)] Li

7llog«fei 7ilog^i
.le

6
w

Case I If b > a > 1, then

log2(x2 +7) = 4
w
w

_1___
=> 2
x2 +7 = 24 = 16 or x2 = 9 P^JifogJi + 7iS&Ji1___
Lt
TfiogJi
x = ±3
1
= —7
7lo&ifc
• Ex. 45 Prove that
(^oga^fab +logb %ab - ^/loga ^bla + log/, ^a7b) y]loga b 2P^oe“ b = 21 = 2
2
2,b>a>l Case II If 1 < b < a, then
[2logah,1<6<a 1 i
p=i bib£ti+ l/l logo
Sol. Since, JlogflVab + log^Vob = , -loga(ab) + -log/,(afc)
u
Vllog^i
V4 4
= 7ilog«fcl
= J-(l + logab + logba + l)
. 2P^°^a b — 2loga b
V4

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