ANALISIS STRUKTUR

SUBJECT CODE BPD20403

MOMENT INFLUENCE LINES

TEST TITLE

COURSE CODE BPC

TESTING DATE
06/06/2024

GROUP
7

1. MOHAMAD ASYRAF BIN MOHAMAD (AP220113)

2. AQIIF AIDID BIN ALIAS (AP220169)

GROUP MEMBER
NAMES 3MOHAMMAD HAFIZH BIN BISRI (AP220396)

4. MOHAMMAD AMIR FARIS BIN MOHAMAD FARID

(AP220096)

LECTURER/ DR. HAMIDUN BIN MOHD NOH

INSTRUCTOR/
TUTOR NAME
 Faculty : Faculty of Technology Management &
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Business
Department : Department of Construction Edition
Management Checking No
Effective Date
Title : Moment Influence Lines
Amendment Date

1.0 OBJECTIVE

1.0 Part 1: To plot moment influence line.

2.0 Part 2: To apply the use of moment influence on a simply support beam.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOME

1.0 Application the engineering knowledge in practical application.

2.0 To enhance technical competency in structural civil engineering through laboratory
application.
3.0 Communicate effectively in a group.
4.0 To identify problems, finding out appropriate solutions through laboratory
application.

3.0 INTRODUCTION

1. Moving loads on beams are common features of the design. Many road bridges are
constructed from beams and as such have to be designed to carry a knife edge load, a
string of wheel loads, a uniformly distributed load, or perhaps the worst combination
of all three. To find the critical moment in a section, influence lines are used.

4.0 THEORY

Definition: An influence line is defined as a line representing the changes in either

moment, shear force, reaction, or displacement at a section of a beam when a unit load
moves on the beam.

Part 1: This experiment examines how t h e moment varies at a cut section as a unit
load moves from one end to another ( refer to diagram 1). From the diagram, the moment
influence line equation can be written.

For 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎 shear line is given by:

Sy = -x/ L……… (1)
For a ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏 shear line is given by:
Sy = 1-x/ L…… (2)
 Faculty: Faculty of Technology Management &
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Business
Department: Department of Construction Edition
Management Checking No
Title: Moment Influence Lines Effective Date
Amendment Date

For a unit load between0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎,

MX= (L-x )a …
1(a-x) .............. (1)
L

For unit load between a ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏,

MX = xb/L- (x-a) .................. (2)

1 ( Unit Load ) x ‘Cut’ MX

x

RA = (1- X/L) RB=(X/L)

MX

a b

Figure 1
 Faculty: Faculty of Technology Management &
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Department: Department of Construction Edition
Management Checking No
Title: Moment Influence Lines Effective Date
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5.0 Part 2: If the beam is loaded as shown below, the shear force at the “cut” can be
calculated using the influence line. (Refer to diagram 2).

Moment at ‘cut ’section = F 1Y1 + F2Y2 + F3Y3 …(3)

(Y1, Y2 and Y3 are ordinates derived from the influence line in term of X1, X2, X3, a,b and
L)

6.0 APPARATUS

Sketch the apparatus used in this experiment and name the essential components
 Faculty: Faculty of Technology Management &
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Department: Department of Construction Edition
Management Checking No
Title: Moment Influence Lines Effective Date
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7.0 PROCEDURE
Part 1
1. Check the Digital Force Meter reads Zero with no load.
2. Place a hanger with any mass between 150g to 300g at the first grooved
hanger support at the left support and record the Digital Force reading in
Table 1.
3. Repeat the procedure to the next grooved hanger until the last grooved
hanger is at the right-hand support.
4. Complete the calculation in Table 1.
Part 2
1. Place three load hangers with any load of 50g to 400g on it and place it at
any position between the supports. Record the positions and the Digital
Force Display reading in Table 2.
2. Repeat the procedure with three other locations.
3. Complete the calculation in Table 2.

8.0 RESULT
Part 1
Location of Load Digital Force Moment Experimental Theory
From left hand Display Force at cut Influence line Influence line
support(m)
Reading( N) section (N) value (Nm) value (Nm)
0.04 0.3 0.038 -0.01 0.33
0.06 0.5 0.063 -0.02 0.32
0.08 0.6 0.075 -0.03 0.31
0.10 0.7 0.088 -0.03 0.31
0.12 0.9 0.113 -0.04 0.30
0.14 1.0 0.125 -0.05 0.30
0.16 1.1 0.138 -0.05 0.29
0.18 1.2 0.150 -0.06 0.28
0.20 1.4 0.175 -0.07 0.27
0.22 1.5 0.188 -0.07 0.26
0.24 1.6 0.200 -0.08 0.25
0.26 1.7 0.213 -0.09 0.24
0.30 2.0 0.250 -0.10 0.23
0.32 1.9 0.238 -0.11 0.22
0.34 1.6 0.200 -0.12 0.22
0.36 1.2 0.150 -0.12 0.22
0.38 0.9 0.113 -0.13 0.21
0.40 0.6 0.075 -0.14 0.21
 Faculty: Faculty of Technology Management &
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Department: Department of Construction Edition
Management Checking No
Title: Moment Influence Lines Effective Date
Amendment Date

Notes:
1. Moment at cut section = Digital force x 0.125

2. Experimental Influence line values = Moment(N)

Load (N)
3. Calculate the theoretical value using equation 1 for load position 40 to 260mm and
equation 2 for load position 320mm to 380mm

Part 2:

Position of hanger from left hand Shear force Theoretical

Locatio
n support(m) Digital Reading Moment
N Nm
100 g 200 g 300 g

1 40 100 200 2.1 0.261

2 80 160 260 2.9 0.366
3 360 340 80 2.1 0.260
4 260 400 60 1.6 0.190
5 100 240 380 0.9 1.000

Notes:
1. Experiment Moment = Digital Force Reading x0.125
2. Theoretical Moment is calculated Using Equation (3)

9.0 DISCUSSIONS

1. Derive equations 1 and 2.

2. On the same graph paper, plot the theoretical and experimental values against distance from
left hand support.
3. Comment on the shape of the graph. What does it tell about how the moment varies at the
cut section as a load moves on the beam.

The influence line can be plotted to yield a peak shane graph. The peak, which is the
weakest point of the beam, is near a hinge. When a load is placed on the beam a influence
line can be plotted to find the moment. The weight will increase the moment as it
approaches. The value moment decreases the farther the load from the hinge and towards
the end support. When coming from both sides of the support, the load will reach a point
wherein its value of the moment is equal to each other.

4. Comment on the experimental result and compare it to the theoretical result.

Our experimental results are quite accurate, with only slight differences when compared to
theoretical results. We were careful during the experiment not to allow errors to occur by
ensuring that the Digital Force Meter read zero with no load before placing hangers.

5. Comment on the experimental result and theoretical result in Table 2. Comment on why
the results differ.

The differences in results from this experiment are small and the theoretical ones may
be attributed to human error and sensitivity of the instrument. Reading of instruments
did vary during the experiment.

6. Conclusions:
What can you prove from the experiment?
 As a conclusion, fulfillment of the two objectives has been satisfied. The moment influence
line helps us a lot to find its moment. From the reaction and behavior of the beam when loaded,
we could get its moment reaction value. This could be applied to every cross section of a
specific beam.

CALCULATION

PART 1

Moment at cut section= 0.2 x 0.125

=0.025 N

Experimental Influence line values = Moment (Nm)/Load (N)

=0.025/1.962

=0.023 m
Theoretical Influence lines value:

Equation 1 for load position 40 to 260 mm

Mx-=(L-x)a/r -1(a-x)

Mx=(0.44-0.04)/0.04(0.3)-1(0.3-0.04)

=0.013 Nm

Equation 2 for load position 320mm to 400mm

Mx=xb/L – (x-a)

Mx=(0.32)(0.14)/0.44 – (0.32-0.3)
=0.082Nm
PART 2

F¹= 100g

= 100 x 9.81/1000

= 0.981 N

F²= 200g

= 200 x 9.81/1000

= 1.962 N

F³= 300g

= 300x 9.81/1000

= 2.943 N
*For location 2,

Experimental moment(Nm)= 0.363 Nm

When y1 = 0.025m, y2 = 0.051 m, y3 = 0.082m

Theorical moment (Nm) = 0.366 Nm

*For location 3,

Experimental moment(Nm)= 0.263 Nm

When y1 = 0.054m, y2 = 0.068 m, y3 = 0.025m

Theorical moment (Nm) = 0.260 Nm

*For location 4,

Experimental moment(Nm)= 0.4125 Nm

When y1 = 0.082m, y2 = 0.027 m, y3 = 0.019m

Theorical moment (Nm) = 0.190 Nm

*For location 5,

Experimental moment(Nm)= 0.4125 Nm

When y1 = 0.082m, y2 = 0.027 m, y3 = 0.019m

Theorical moment (Nm) = 0.190 Nm