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Computer Networks Lab

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Computer Networks Lab

Uploaded by

kashaf.zahra04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment: 02

Name: Syeda Kashaf Naqvi, Umaima, Laiba

Roll#: 125, 136, 122

Section: 5C

Department: Software Engineering

Submission Date: 20-11-2024

Course: Computer Networks (Lab)

Course Mr. Danyal Qamar


Instructor:
Part 1: Networking and Packet Tracer Simulation
Basic Networking Concepts:
Computer networking is the practice of connecting computers and other devices to
share data and resources.
1. IP Addressing
Definition: IP (Internet Protocol) addressing provides a unique identifier to each
device in a network, ensuring data reaches the correct destination.
Types:
IPv4: 32-bit address (e.g., `192.168.1.1`), allowing approximately 4.3 billion
unique addresses.
IPv6: 128-bit address (e.g., `2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334`),
offering a vastly larger address space.
Structure:
Network Portion: Identifies the specific network.
Host Portion: Identifies the specific device within the network.

2. Subnetting
Definition: Subnetting divides a large network into smaller, manageable
subnetworks (subnets), improving efficiency and security.
Key Concepts:
Subnet Mask: Determines the boundary between the network and host portions of
an IP address (e.g., `255.255.255.0`).
CIDR Notation: Specifies the number of bits used for the network (e.g., `/24` for
`255.255.255.0`).
Purpose:
Reduce congestion by limiting broadcast traffic.
Efficient use of IP addresses.
3. Network Protocols
Definition: Rules and conventions for communication between network devices.
Common Protocols:
HTTP/HTTPS: Web communication.
FTP: File transfer.
SMTP/POP3/IMAP: Email communication.
DNS: Domain name resolution.
TCP/IP: Foundation of internet communication, with:
TCP: Reliable connection-oriented protocol.
UDP: Faster but connectionless.
OSI Model: A conceptual framework with 7 layers (Physical, Data Link, Network,
Transport, Session, Presentation, Application) for standardizing communication.

4. Network Devices
End Devices:
Definition: Devices that serve as communication endpoints.
Examples: Computers, laptops, smartphones, printers, smart TVs.
Role: Send and receive data.
Intermediate Devices:
Definition: Devices that facilitate data flow in the network.
Examples:
 Routers: Connect different networks and determine the best path for data.
 Switches: Connect devices within a network and forward data based on
MAC addresses.
 Hubs: Basic devices that broadcast data to all connected devices (less
efficient than switches).
 Modems: Convert digital data to analog for transmission over traditional
telephone lines and vice versa.
 Firewalls: Protect the network by filtering traffic based on security rules.
Role: Ensure smooth, secure, and efficient data transmission.

Key Differences: End vs. Intermediate Devices

Part:01: Create a simple network using Packet Tracer with at least two end
devices (e.g., PCs or laptops) and one router or switch.
 Devices:
 PC1 (IP: 192.168.1.2)
 PC2 (IP: 192.168.1.3)
 Switch (No IP, Layer 2 device)
 Cables:
 Straight-through cable used to connect PC1 and PC2 to the switch.
 Network Topology:
 PCs connected to the switch on different ports.
Part:02: Set up a Packet Sniffer (using the simulation mode in Packet Tracer) to capture network
packets traveling across your network.

Part 3: Basic Router Configuration and TELNET Setup


Brief:

Network Topologies:
Bus Topology:
Star Topology:
Mesh Topology:

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