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Hybrid Energy System Using Wind, Solar & Battery Storage System

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 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)
ISSN: 2458-9403
Vol. 11 Issue 3, March - 2024

Hybrid Energy System Using Wind, Solar &

Battery Storage System
1
Talha Farooq; 2Boker Agili, PhD, 3Miao He, PhD
1,2,3
Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
1
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract— Renewable energy sources, giving not only the financial help but also assisting in
including wind and solar power, have technical ways.
progressively gained popularity as alternatives to
II. PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
traditional energy sources in recent years. Yearly
consumption of the planet is less than the energy Electronic devices which are converting solar
which can be produced by sunlight within 1 hour energy into electrical energy are called Photovoltaic
which is also carbon free (Barlev, Vidu, & Stroeve, cells. These systems have become more common
2011). Although these energy sources have shown because of the conversion of sunlight into electrical
potential, one of their key drawbacks is that they energy. This energy can be used either in the
are not reliable sources of energy, like solar relies household or at industrial level because of its instant
on sunlight and wind energy is based on the wind. response to the load. It can easily meet the load
A hybrid system of wind, solar, and battery requirement but in the daytime cause it’s totally
backup can be used to offer a dependable and dependable on the sunlight (Lupangu & Bansal, 2017).
sustainable supply of electricity to resolve this
problem. A complete hybrid system having solar,
wind and battery system has been discussed in
this paper. We also covered the advantages of
using hybrid systems at residential level and for
remote locations.
Keywords— Hybrid Renewable Energy
resources (HRES), Renewable energy sources,
Solar Energy, Wind Power, Battery Energy storage
systems, Sustainable, Direct Current(DC)
I. INTRODUCTION
Solar and wind energy is not only freely abundant Fig.1 Solar panels (Farooq, Agili, & He, 2024)
source of energy but also these are environment
As illustrated in the above figure, solar panels have
friendly. Because of their dependability on sunlight and
been created by connecting multiple PV cells either in
wind have made scientist to deal with the challenges to
series or parallel.
enhance the reliability of these sources. Using both
sources with the battery is getting more popular to use
at remote locations. Battery system provides the
A. Feasibility of the solar system
backup for multiple days in case if any of the source or
both are not available, which is decreasing the usage Production of solar systems varies from location to
of fossil fuels, and these are very cost efficient and location. Basically, it depends on the sunlight
these more reliable energy resource (Nema, Nema, & irradiation which is different for the different locations.
Rangnekar, 2009). This system is referred as Hybrid For checking the feasibility of the solar systems there
Renewable Energy resources (HRES). are many software’s which even gives the production
of the energy per for a unit time by using some data
Mostly countries around the world have set the
base of climate like National Solar Radiation Database
target to move towards the renewable energy, for
(NSRDB) (National Centers for Environmental
instance United States of America has goal to achieve
Information, n.d.). By designing and making feasibility
80% of electricity from renewable energy with zero
reports with different angles of PV panels, optimum
carbon emission (Energy experts share how the U.S.
solutions can be proposed for a particular site. There
can reach Biden's renewable energy goals, 2023).
could be some other factors which can also be looked
There are different policies which have been made by
for feasibility of solar systems, like load of the
many countries to achieve their goals. Developments
consumer, technically and economically efficient
have also been made towards this and there are some
solutions. Following is the normalized productions per
organizations like World Bank and Asian development
installed KWp (450KW-Project) for Punjab, Pakistan
bank which are updating policies and providing help to
area using PVsyst software.
countries for shifting on the renewable energy by

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JMESTN42354342 16648
 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)
ISSN: 2458-9403
Vol. 11 Issue 3, March - 2024

Fig. 2 Normalized productions (per installed kWp)

B. Solar Energy systems

Produced electrical energy from PV panels is DC
(Direct current) which can be converted into alternating Fig. 4 First Wind turbine (Gipe & Möllerström, 2022)
current by using solar inverter. There are different
types of solar energy systems depending upon their
operation for instance, Grid-Tied solar systems is also Wind turbines are designed for multiple purposes,
connected with the utility grid which is shown in the for example, land-based wind turbines are installed on
figure-3 which is prepared using Homerpro software the earth and these windmills are called onshore wind
and provide the energy to the load where extra energy turbines, offshore wind turbines are used in water
can be transferred to the grid for making some money mostly in the Sea, and there are some turbines which
this is called net metering and Off-grid solar systems can be installed at homes or at small level and this is
work independently from the grid. named as distributed wind energy. Onshore wind
power is economically efficient and easy to install as
compared to offshore.

Fig. 3 Grid-tied solar energy systems

Fig 5. Onshore Windmill (Desrochers, 2019)

III. WIND ENERGY

Transformation of mechanical energy from the wind
into electrical energy is called Wind Energy. Humans
have been using wind turbines for over 7000 years for
several purposes, like water pumping, sawing and
windmill ship etc. There is around 10 million MW wind
energy is available every time on the earth (Herbert,
Iniyan, Sreevalsan, & Rajapandian, 2007). With the
invention of dynamo, the first grid station was built in
the New York in 1880, which made the way easy for
building the wind turbines and then Wind was used to
harvest an electrical energy for the first time in 1887
when first wind turbine was made in Scotland by Prof Fig 6. Offshore Windmill (W & Houlsby , 2003)
James Blyth shown in figure-4 (Shahan, 2014).

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JMESTN42354342 16649
 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)
ISSN: 2458-9403
Vol. 11 Issue 3, March - 2024

A. Operation of Wind
Wind turbines consists of several components
which receive mechanical energy from wind and then
convert it to the electrical energy, like, wind rotates the
rotor blades which is connected to the generator and
then generator starts generating the electrical energy
which can be transfer to the grid with the help of
transformer and transmission systems. Figure-7 shows
some of the major components of the wind turbine.

Fig. 8 Battery Energy storage system (Florence

& Hopper, 2020)

V. HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM USING WIND, SOLAR &

BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM
Integration of multiple electricity generators by
using the controlling circuitry is called hybrid energy
systems, like solar energy and wind energy are
connected in this project to produce electrical energy.
These are also connected with battery storage
systems, which will increase the efficiency and
reliability of the systems.

Fig.7 Operation of wind turbine (Kaylani, Alkhalidi,

Al-Oran, & Alhababsah, 2021)

IV. BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS

Battery Energy storage systems (BESS) are the Fig. 9 Hybrid Energy systems
systems which can store the electrical energy and then
provide back when it’s needed. From some decades, Hybrid systems are being used as an alternating
there has been a challenge for storing the energy for solution for conventional energy systems limitations.
critical loads like in industrial or commercial level. As This is the best solution for remote locations where
the world is moving towards the renewable energy there is no electricity but either wind or solar can be
rapidly but the major problems are efficiency and everywhere. This is not only limited to remote locations
reliability, for instance in the daytime when there are but also, it’s operating with the grid as mentioned in
solar generation peak hours which is generating more figure 9, where solar and wind energy integrated with
power than the load requirement, so energy storage the grid.
systems play a significant part to store the extra
energy and then it can easily manage the loads during
of-peak hours. This system has the capability to VI. CONCLUSION
balance the fluctuation in the load because of its Hybrid energy systems using wind, solar and
controlling systems, this can be easily adjusted as per battery storage systems have been gaining more and
the required load or sometime some critical loads are more popularity for previous some decades because of
on preference, so it only provide the energy to them their reliability and cost effectiveness. It has many
(Joseph & Shahidehpour, 2006). advantages e.g. it has the ability to minimize the
dependability on the fossil fuels, clean energy can be
produced by these systems which is carbon free which

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 Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)
ISSN: 2458-9403
Vol. 11 Issue 3, March - 2024

makes it environmentally friendly solution and also it reliable operation of wind turbines. Sage
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Using the energy storage system makes it an Lupangu, C., & Bansal, R. (2017). A review of
expensive solution and the operating cost is also high,
technical issues on the development of solar
but researchers are working to come up with a cost-
efficient solution which will increase its popularity. photovoltaic systems. Renewable and
Although, the installation cost of the system is high, but Sustainable Energy Reviews, 73, 950-965.
it can be payback in some years because it will reduce National Centers for Environmental Information. (n.d.).
the electricity bills (Farooq, Agili, & He, 2024). So,
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