VELAMMAL BODHI CAMPUS, KOLAPAKKAM

CLASS: VII
SUB: PHYSICAL SCIENCE

LN: 13 – MOTION AND TIME

CONCEPT MAP:

Types of graph Types of motion

Pie chart, Bar graph,

Speed and Velocity
Distance-Time, Velocity Motion & Time
– Time graph

Simple Pendulum Scalar and vector quantity

CONCEPT INTRODUCTION AND FACTS:

 Motion is a change in position of an object with respect to time and observer.

 If the position of a body is not changing with respect to time and observer the body
is said to be at rest, motionless, immobile or stationary.
 Motion is a relative quantity.
 Some types of motions are show below:
 Motion is based on Frame of Reference.
 When a person standing outside the bus is considered
as a reference, the bus is in motion.
 When a person sitting inside the bus is considered as a
reference, the bus appears to be stationary.
Speed is the distance travelled per unit time.
 The average speed of an object in an interval of time is the distance travelled by the
object divided by the duration of the interval Hence,

 Common Unit of Distance is meter or Kilometre and that of time is second or hour.
 Common units of speed are therefore metre/second or m/s or Kilometre/Hour
or km/h.
 Units are always written in singular, that is, km/h and not kms/hrs.

 A graph is a picture or diagram that shows relation between two or more variable
quantities.
 A simple graph usually shows the connection between two numbers or measurements
in the form of a grid.
 A graph or a chart can be of different types based on number of quantities and
representation method.
Measurement Devices in Vehicles and other instruments:
 Speedometer: Measures and displays instantaneous speed of the vehicle.
 Odometer: Measures and displays distance travelled by the vehicle.

 Tachometer: Measures and displays the revolutions per minute

or the rotation speed of a shaft or disk.

ACTIVITY (CREATIVE SKILL):

 Make a model of a sand clock which can measure a time interval of 2 minutes.

BOOK BACK EXERCISE:

1. Classify the following as motion along a straight line, circular or oscillatory motion:
Ans:
(i) Motion of your hands while running – Oscillatory motion.
Explanation: -
 During running the hands move to and fro and as this motion gets repeated after
certain time interval.
 Therefore it is oscillatory motion.
(ii) Motion of a horse pulling a cart on a straight road – Straight line motion.
Explanation: -
 As the horse cart is moving on a straight road.
 Therefore motion is along the straight line.
(iii) Motion of a child in a merry-go-round – Circular motion.
Explanation: -
 Motion of the merry-go-round is circular.
 Therefore kids sitting inside it experiences the circular motion.
(iv) Motion of a child on a see-saw – Oscillatory motion.
Explanation: -
 As the see-saw goes up and down continuously .
 Therefore it is oscillatory motion.
(v) Motion of the hammer of an electric bell – Oscillatory motion.
Explanation: -
 When the hammer vibrates the bell it starts vibrating.
 It is an example of oscillatory motion.
(vi) Motion of a train on a Straight Bridge – Straight line motion.
Explanation: -
 The train is moving on the straight bridge.
 It exhibits motion of a straight line.
2. Which of the following are not correct?
Ans:
(i) The basic unit of time is second – Correct
Explanation: -
 SI unit of time is second.
(ii) Every object moves with a constant speed - Not correct
Explanation: -
 Speed of object is constant or variable.
(iii) Distances between two cities are measured in kilometres – Correct
Explanation: -
 The distance between two cities is very large.
 And as a kilometre is a bigger unit therefore it is used to measure the distance between
two cities.
(iv)The time period of a given pendulum is not constant - Not correct
Explanation: -
 The time period depends upon the length of the thread.
 Therefore it will be constant for a particular pendulum.
(v) The speed of a train is expressed in m/h - Not correct
Explanation: -
 The speed of train is measured either in km/h or m/s.
3. A simple pendulum takes 32s to complete 20 oscillations. What is the time period of
the pendulum?
Ans:
The time taken to complete one oscillation is known as time period of the pendulum.
Time Period = (Total time taken)/ (Number of Oscillations)
Given: - 20 oscillations taking 32s to complete.
Therefore 1 oscillation will take = (32)/ (20) sec = 1.6 second
Therefore 1.6s is the time period of the pendulum.
4. The distance between two stations is 240 km. A train takes 4 hours to cover this
distance. Calculate the speed of the train.
Ans:
Speed = (Distance travelled) / (Time)
= (240 km) / (4h)
=60 Km/h
Therefore the speed of the train is 60km/hr.
5. The odometer of a car reads 57321.0 km when the clock shows the time 08:30 AM.
What is the distance moved by the car, if at 08:50 AM, the odometer reading has
changed to 57336.0 km? Calculate the average speed of the car in km/min during this
time. Express the speed in km/h also.
Ans:
Initial reading of the odometer of the car =57321.0 km
Final reading of the odometer of the car = 57336.0 km
The car starts at 8:30 AM and stops at 8:50 AM.
Distance covered by car = (57336 - 57321) km = 15 km
Time taken between 08:30 AM to 08:50 AM = 20 minutes = 20/60 hour = 1/3 hour
So Speed in km/min
 Speed = (Distance travelled)/ (Time)
= (15km)/ (20min)
=0.75km/min
Speed in km/h
Speed = (Distance travelled)/ (Time)
= (15km)/ (1/3h)
= (15 x 3) km/ (1h)
=45km/h
6. Salma takes 15 minutes from her house to reach her school on a bicycle. If she rides
her bicycle at a uniform speed of 2 m/s, calculate the distance between her house and
the school.
Ans:
Speed = 2m/s
Time taken to reach school = 15 minutes = 15 × 60 seconds = 900 seconds
Speed = (Distance travelled)/ (Time)
Distance = (Speed x Time)
=2 x 900=1800m
Also 1km= 1000m
Therefore 1800x (1/1000) = 1.8km.
The distance between her house and the school is 1.8 km.

7. Show the shape of the distance-time graph for the motion in the following cases:
(i) A car moving with a constant speed.
(ii) A car parked on a side road.
Ans:
(i) A car moving with a constant speed covers equal distance
in equal intervals of time. It will be a uniform motion.
(ii) A car parked on a road there is no change in the distance
with the time. No motion. Therefore the graph so obtained
will be parallel to -axis.
8. Which of the following relations is correct?

(i) Speed = (Distance × Time) (ii) Speed = (Distance /Time)

(iii) Speed = (Time/Distance) (iv) Speed = (1/ (Distance x Time))

9. The basic unit of speed is:

(i) km/min (ii) m/min (iii) km/h (iv) m/s
Ans:
(iv) m/s.

The unit of distance is metre (m) and of time is second(s).

Speed = (Distance/Time)

Therefore the basic unit of speed is m/s.

10. A car moves with a speed of 40 km/h for 15 minutes and then with a speed of 60 km/h
for the next 15 minutes. The total distance covered by the car is:

(i) 100 km (ii) 25 km (iii) 15 km (iv) 10km

Ans: (ii) 25 km
Case I:
Speed = 40 km/h

Time = 15 min = (15/60) hour

Distance (d1) = Speed × Time = 40 × (15/60) = 10 km

Case II:

Speed = 60 km/h

Time = 15 min = (15/60) hour

Distance (d2) = (Speed × Time) = 60 × (15/60) = 15 km

Total distance (d) = (d1 + d2) = 10 km + 15 km = 25 km

Therefore the total distance covered by the car = 25km.

11. Suppose the two photographs, shown in Fig (1) and Fig (2), had been taken at an
interval of 10 seconds. If a distance of 100 metres is shown by 1 cm in these
photographs, calculate the speed of the blue car.

Ans:
With the help of the scale we will first measure the distance.
Suppose the distance measured is 2cm.
So, the distance covered d = 2 x 100= 200m. (Because 1m=100cm).
Time taken = 10seconds.
Speed = (Distance/Time) = (200m/10s) = 20m/s.
Therefore the speed of the blue car = 20m/s.
12. The figure shows that distance-time graph for the motion of two vehicles A and B.
Which one of them is moving faster?
Distance– time graph for the motion of two cars.
Ans:
 In distance – time graph speed is measured by its slope.
 Vehicle A is moving faster as the slope of the graph of A
is more than the slope of the graph B.
13. Which of the following distance-time graphs shows a truck moving with speed
which is not constant?
Ans:

 Correct option is (iii)

 This shows that the truck is moving with variable speed.
 HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS): (Reasoning Questions)

1. Paheli and Boojho have to cover different distances to reach their school but they take
the same time to reach the school. What can you say about their speed?
Ans:
 They do not have equal speed because they cover unequal distances in equal intervals
of time.
 One of them has higher speed, whom has to cover larger distance with respect to
other.
2. If Boojho covers a certain distance in one hour and Paheli covers the same distance in
two hours, who travels in a higher speed?
Ans:
 Boojho travels with a higher speed, as he has covered the same distance in lesser time
than Paheii.
3. A simple pendulum is oscillating between two points A and B as shown in figure. Is
the motion of the bob uniform or non-uniform?
Ans:
 The motion of bob is non-uniform, as it does not cover equal
distance in equal intervals of time.
4. If you do not have a clock, how do you decide what time of the day is?
Ans:
 We can decide time of the day without clock by seeing shadow formed by the sun
 e.g: At noon, shadow formed by the sun is shorter than at evening.
5. Name the most ancient unit of time in which it was earlier measured.
Ans:
 Solar day is the most ancient unit of time in which it was earlier measured.
6. Out of the two given clocks, a pendulum clock or a quartz clock. mention which of
the clock between the given ones requires an electric cell for its working?
Ans:
 A quartz clock requires an electric cell for its working.
7. The figure shows that distance-time graph for the motion of two vehicles A and B.
Which one of them is moving faster?
Distance– time graph for the motion of two cars
Ans:
 In distance – time graph speed is measured by its slope.
 Vehicle B is moving faster as the slope of the graph of B
is more than the slope of the graph A.

PROBLEM BASED QUESTIONS:

1. Complete the data of the table given below with the help of the distance-time graph
given in figure.
Distance (m) 0 4 ? 12 ? 20
Time (s) 0 2 4 ? 8 10

Ans:
From the graph given above, it is a case of uniform motion, so

Distance (m) 0 4 8 12 16 20
Time (s) 0 2 4 6 8 10

2. The average age of children of class VII is 12 years and 3 months. Express this age in
seconds.
Ans:
Given, the average age of children is 12 years and 3 months
1 year = 365 days = 365 x 24 h [1 day = 24 h]
= 365 x 24 x 3600 s = 31536000 s [1 h = 3600 s]
Therefore, 12 years = 31536000 s x 12 = 378432000 s
And 3 months = 3 x 30 days = 30 x 3 x 24 h = 30 x 3 x 24 x 3600 s = 7776000 s
So, total age in second = 378432000 + 7776000 = 386208000 s
3. A spaceship travels 36000 km in one hour. Express its speed in km/s.
Ans:
Dis tan ce 36000km 36000
As, Speed =    10km / s [ 1 h = 3600 s]
Time 1h 1 3600

4. Starting from A, Paheli moves along a rectangular path ABCD as shown in figure.
She takes 2 min to travel each side. Plot a distance-time graph and explain whether the
motion is uniform or non uniform.

Ans:
Since, the speed i.e., the distance covered per unit time for the
entire distance covered is not the same; therefore, the motion is
a non-uniform motion.

5. Plot a distance-time graph of the tip of the second hand of a clock by selecting 4
points on X-axis and Y-axis, respectively. The circumference of the circle traced by the
second hand is 64 cm.
Ans:
The circumference of circle traced by a second hand in 60 sec is 64 cm.

Time (s) X 15 30 45 60
Distance (cm) Y 16 32 48 64

Here, equal distance is covered in equal intervals of time.

So graph will be a straight line.
6. Given below as figure is the distance-time graph of the motion of an object. (a) What
will be the position of the object at 20 s? (b) What will be the distance travelled by the
object in 12 s? (c) What is the average speed of the object?
Ans:
(a) From the graph, it is clear that the distance at 20 s is 8 m.
(b) Distance travelled by the object in 12 s is 6 m.
Total dis tan ce 8
(c) Average speed =   0.4m / s
Total time 20

7. Distance between Bholu’s and Golu’s house is 9 km. Bholu has to attend Golu’s
birthday party at 7 0′ clock. He started his journey from his home at 6 O’ clock on his
bicycle and covered a distance of 6 km in 40 min. At that point, he met Chintu and he
spoke to him for 5 min and reached Golu’s birthday party at 7 O’ dock. With what
speed, did he cover the second part of the journey? Calculate his average speed for the
entire journey.
Ans:
From the question, Bholu covers the remaining 3 km distance in 15 min.
Dis tan ce 3km 3 1
So, speed of Bholu =    60  12km / h [ 1 min = h ]
Time 15 60
h 15
60
TotalDis tan ceTravelled 9
Now, average speed =   9km / h
TotalTimeTaken 1
8. Boojho goes to the football ground to play football. The distance-time graph of his
journey from his home to the ground is given as figure.

(a) What does the graph between points B and C indicate about the motion of Boojho?
(b) Is the motion between 0 to 4 min uniform or non-uniform?
(c) What is his speed between 8 and 12 minutes of his journey?
Ans:
(a) Since, the graph between B and C is parallel to time-axis, so it indicates that Boojho is at
rest i.e. his speed is zero.
(b)Since, the graph is not straight line, so it is a non-uniform motion.
Dis tan ce 225  150 75
(c) As, speed =    18.75m / min
Time 12  8 4