GM-Q2-Module-2c
GM-Q2-Module-2c
General
Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 2c:
Problem Solving Involving
Compound Interest
General Mathematics – SHS
Quarter 2 – Module 2c: Problem Solving Involving Compound Interest
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PROBLEM SOLVING INVOLVING COMPOUND INTEREST
INTRODUCTION
In this module, you will learn how to solve some problems in real world
involving compound interest.
OBJECTIVE
At the end of this module, you will be able to solve problems involving
compound interest. (M11GM-IIb-2)
VOCABULARY LIST
In exploring and performing the activities in this module, you will encounter
the following terms and concepts that will guide you on how to use them
appropriately in context.
Compound Interest (Ic) – interest that is computed on the principal and and also to
the accumulated past interests.
Principal (P) – amount of money borrowed or invested on the origin date.
Rate (r) – annual rate, usually in percent, charged by the lender, or rate of increase
of the investment.
Time or term(t) – amount of time in years the money is borrowed or invested; length
of time between the origin and maturity dates.
Maturity value/Future Value – amount after t years, that the lender receives from
the borrower on the maturity date.
Conversion or interest period – time between successive conversion of interest
Frequency of conversion(m) – number of conversion periods in one year
Nominal rate (i) – annual rate of interest
Periodic rate (j) – the ratio of annual interest rate and the frequency of conversion
PhP
1
PRE-TEST
Directions: This test will evaluate your knowledge and skills prior to starting this module.
Read and analyze each item carefully then select the correct answer from the
given options. If the question has no answer from the given choices, write E.
(You may use scientific calculator if necessary.)
.
1. What is teachers Gloria’s total investment in 3 years?
a. PhP 33 745.92 c. PhP 33 874. 87
b. PhP 33 754.92 d. PhP33 784.87
2. How much interest will she earn if she will invest the money for 3 years?
a. PhP 3 745.92 c. PhP 3 874. 87
b. PhP 3 754.92 d. PhP 3 784.87
3. A business tycoon aims to have his investment grow to Php 2 000 000.00 in
4 years. How much should be his initial investments in an account that pays 6%
interest rate compounded monthly?
a. PhP 1 574 196.82 c. PhP 1 584 187.33
b. PhP 1 578 060.82 d. PhP 1 973 554.08
5. A loan of PhP 40 000.00 had accumulated to PhP 100 000 in 10 years. At what
nominal rate compounded semi-annually has been applied for the loan?
a. 4.6% c. 9.3 %
b. 4.69% d. 9.38%
- End of Pre-Test -
2
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
This module will help you learn how to solve problems involving compound
interest specifically problems on compounding more than once a year.
The following definitions or concepts and formulas will help you compute
compound interest (compounded more than once a year), maturity/future value,
present value, rate of interest and time or term.
Definition 1:
Ic = F - P
where,
Ic = compound interest
P =Principal
F = Future value/maturity value
Definition 2:
Formula for finding Maturity Value F in interest compounded more than once a
year:
𝐢 𝐦𝐭 𝐢 𝒏
F = P + Ic or 𝐅 = 𝐏 𝟏 + or 𝐅 = 𝐏 𝟏 +
𝐦 𝐦
where,
F = future value/maturity value
Ic = compound interest
P = Principal
i = nominal rate or annual interest rate
m = frequency of conversion
t = time in years
n = mt
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Definition 3:
where,
F = future value/maturity value
P = Principal
i = nominal rate or annual interest rate
m = frequency of conversion
t = time in years
n = mt
Definition 4:
where,
F = future value/maturity value
P = Present value
m = frequency of conversion
t = time in years
i = nominal rate or annual interest rate
𝑖
j = periodic rate or j = 𝑚
n = total number of conversion periods
Note: The formula was derived from the formula for maturity value F :
𝐢 𝒏
𝐅 = 𝐏 𝟏 +
𝐦
4
Definition 5:
𝐢 𝐧 𝐅
j= or j= − 𝟏
𝒎 𝐏
where,
F = future value/maturity value
P = Present value
j = periodic rate
i = nominal rate or annual interest rate
m = frequency of conversion
t = time in years
n = total number of conversion periods or n = mt
Note: The formula was derived from the formula for maturity value F :
𝐢 𝒏
𝐅 = 𝐏 𝟏 +
𝐦
Sample Problems:
Example 1:
Miss Jane Alvinia invested PhP 150 000.00 in a Cooperative that offers 3%
interest rate compounded semi-annually. How much interest will she earn if she will
invest the money for 2 years?
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Follow the steps mentioned above to solve the problems:
Step 1: What is/are given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
Step 2: What is asked? (Determine what the problem requires you to do.)
How much interest will she earn if she will invest the money for 2 years?
or What is the compound interest?
Step 3: What is the appropriate formula to be used? (Determine the formula to be used.)
Ic = F - P
Step 4: What is/are the solution/s to the problem? (Determine the solution/s of the given
problem.)
a. Solve for the future value F first, since the formula in finding the compound
interest requires the future value F and it was not given in the problem.
𝐢 𝐦𝐭
𝐅 = 𝐏 𝟏 +
𝐦
𝟎.𝟎𝟑 2(2)
= 150 000 ( 1+ ) substitute the given
𝟐
Ic = F–P
= 9 204.53
Step 5: What is your final answer to the problem? (Determine the final answer to the
problem.)
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Example 2:
Miss Johanna borrowed PhP 40 000.00 at 7.5% compounded quarterly at a
lending institution. How much interest will be charged if she applies for a 3-year loan?
Step 1: What is/are given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
P = PhP 40 000.00
i = 7.5% or 0.075
m=4
t = 3 years
n = 4(3)=12
Step 2: What is asked? (Determine what the problem requires you to do.)
How much interest will be charge if she applies for a 3-year loan?
or What is the compound interest?
Step 3: What is the appropriate formula to be used? (Determine the formula to be used.)
Ic = F - P
Step 4: What is/are the solution/s to the problem? (Determine the solution/s of the given
problem.)
a. Solve for the future value F first, since the formula in finding the compound
interest requires the future value F and it was not given in the problem.
𝐢 𝐦𝐭
𝐅= 𝐏 𝟏 +
𝐦
𝟎.𝟎𝟕𝟓 4(3)
= 40 000(1 + ) substitute the given
𝟒
= 49 988.66 simplify
Ic = F–P
= 49 988.66 – 40 000.00
= 9 988.66
Step 5: What is your final answer to the problem? (Determine the final answer to the
problem.)
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Example 3:
A teacher borrowed PhP 100 000.00 at 6% compounded monthly at a bank.
How much will she pay after 3 years?
Step 1: What is/are given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
Step 2: What is asked? (Determine what the problem requires you to do.)
Step 3: What is the appropriate formula to be used? (Determine the formula to be used.)
𝐢 𝐦𝐭
𝐅 = 𝐏 𝟏 +
𝐦
Step 4: What is/are the solution/s to the problem? (Determine the solution/s of the given
problem.)
= 119, 668.05
Step 5: What is your final answer to the problem? (Determine the final answer to the
problem.)
Therefore, the teacher shall pay a total amount of PhP 119 688.05.
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Example 4:
JV lends to his friend PhP 400 000.00 at 4% compounded daily. How much did
his friend owe him after 4 years?
Step 1: What is/are given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
Step 2: What is asked? (Determine what the problem requires you to do.)
Step 3: What is the appropriate formula to be used? (Determine the formula to be used.)
𝐢 𝐦𝐭
𝐅 = 𝐏 𝟏 + 𝐦
Step 4: What is/are the solution/s to the problem? (Determine the solution/s of the given
problem.)
Substitute the given to the formula:
𝐢 𝐦𝐭
𝐅 = 𝐏 𝟏 +
𝐦
𝟎.𝟎𝟒 365(4)
= 400 000 (1 + 𝟑𝟔𝟓
)
= 469 400.23
Step 5: What is your final answer to the problem? (Determine the final answer to the
problem.)
Example 5:
A businessman aims to have his savings grow to Php 1 000 000.00 in 5 years.
How much should be his initial deposits in an account that pays 6% interest rate
compounded monthly?
Step 1: What is/are given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
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Step 2: What is asked? (Determine what the problem requires you to do.)
Step 3: What is the appropriate formula to be used? (Determine the formula to be used.)
𝐅 𝐅
P= 𝑖 mt or P= 𝑖 n
𝟏+ 𝟏+
𝑚 𝑚
Step 4: What is/are the solution/s to the problem? (Determine the solution/s of the given
problem.)
Substitute the given to the formula:
𝐅
P= 𝑖 mt
𝟏+
𝑚
𝟏 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
P= 0.06 12(5)
𝟏+
12
𝟏 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= (𝟏+ 60
0.005)
𝟏 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= (𝟏.𝟎𝟎𝟓)
60
= 741 372.20
Step 5: What is your final answer to the problem? (Determine the final answer to the
problem.)
Example 6:
How much do you need to invest today if you plan to accumulate a total amount of
PhP 200,000.00 on a savings account with 2.5% interest rate compounded semi-annually
for 10 years?
Step 1: What is/are given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
Step 2: What is asked? (Determine what the problem requires you to do.)
10
Step 3: What is the appropriate formula to be used? (Determine the formula to be used.)
𝐅 𝐅
P= 𝑖 mt or P= 𝑖 n
𝟏+ 𝟏+
𝑚 𝑚
Step 4: What is/are the solution/s to the problem? (Determine the solution/s of the given
problem.)
Substitute the given to the formula:
𝐅
P= 𝑖 mt
𝟏+
𝑚
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
P= 0.025 2(10)
𝟏+
2
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= (𝟏+ 20
0.0125)
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= (𝟏.𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓)20
= 156 001.71
Step 5: What is your final answer to the problem? (Determine the final answer to the
problem.)
Example 7:
Alisha invested PhP 60 000.00 in a bank savings account at 4% compound
semiannually. How long should she let the investment stay if she wants to accumulate
Php 80 000.00?
Step 1: What is/are given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
P = PhP 60 000.00
F = PhP 80 000.00
i = 4% or 0.04
m = 2
𝐢 𝟎.𝟎𝟒
j = 𝐦 = 𝟐 = 0.02
Step 2: What is asked? (Determine what the problem requires you to do.)
How long should she let the investment stay if she wants to accumulate
Php 80 000.00?
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Step 3: What is the appropriate formula to be used? (Determine the formula to be used.)
𝐅
𝐥𝐨𝐠
𝐏
n=
𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟏+𝐣)
Step 4: What is/are the solution/s to the problem? (Determine the solution/s of the given
problem.)
a. Substitute the given to the formula:
𝐅
𝐥𝐨𝐠
𝐏
n =
𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟏+𝐣)
𝟖𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐥𝐨𝐠
𝟔𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
=
𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟏+𝟎.𝟎𝟐)
𝟒
𝐥𝐨𝐠
𝟑
=
𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟏.𝟎𝟐)
= 14.53
𝒏
b. Since n = mt, then t =
𝒎
Substitute the value,
𝟏𝟓
t=
𝟐
t = 7.5 years
Step 5: What is your final answer to the problem? (Determine the final answer to the
problem.)
Example 8:
Jannia’s PhP 100 000.00 investment in a bank earned PhP 30 000.00 at 6%
compounded quarterly. How long did she invest the money?
Step 1: What is/are given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
Step 2: What is asked? (Determine what the problem requires you to do.)
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Step 3: What is the appropriate formula to be used? (Determine the formula to be used.)
𝐅
𝐥𝐨𝐠
𝐏
n= by definition 4
𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟏+𝐣)
Step 4: What is/are the solution/s to the problem? (Determine the solution/s of the given
problem.)
a. Substitute the given to the formula:
𝐅
𝐥𝐨𝐠
𝐏
n =
𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟏+𝐣)
𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐥𝐨𝐠
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
=
𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟏+𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟓)
𝟏𝟑
𝐥𝐨𝐠
𝟏𝟎
=
𝐥𝐨𝐠 (𝟏.𝟎𝟏𝟓)
= 17.62
𝒏
b. Since n = mt, then t =
𝒎
Substitute the value,
𝟏𝟖
t=
𝟒
t = 4.5 years
Step 5: What is your final answer to the problem? (Determine the final answer to the
problem.)
Therefore, Jannia invested her money for 4.5 years.
Example 9:
An investment of PhP 20 000.00 had accumulated to PhP 30 000 in 5 years.
What nominal rate compounded semi-annually was applied for the investment?
Step 1: What is/are given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
P = PhP 20 000.00
F = PhP 30 000.00
t = 5 years
m = 2
n = mt = 2(5) =10
Step 2: What is asked? (Determine what the problem requires you to do.)
What nominal rate (i) compounded semi-annually was applied for the
investment?
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Step 3: What is the appropriate formula to be used? (Determine the formula to be used.)
𝐧 𝐅
i = mj and j= − 𝟏
𝐏
Step 4: What is/are the solution/s to the problem? (Determine the solution/s of the given
problem.)
a. To find the nominal rate (i), you must find periodic rate (j) first:
𝟏𝟎 𝐅
j=
𝐏
− 𝟏
𝟏𝟎 𝟑𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= − 𝟏
𝟐𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟑
= − 𝟏
𝟐
= 0.0414
i = 2 (0.0414)
= 0.0828
= 8.28%
Step 5: What is your final answer to the problem? (Determine the final answer to the
problem.)
Example 10:
Janine invested PhP 50 000.00 in a savings bank. At what interest rate
compounded quarterly will make her money double itself in 10 years?
Step 1: What is/are given? (Identify the given data in the problem.)
P = PhP 50 000.00
F = 2 (50 000.00 ) = 100 000.00 since the money is doubled
t = 10 years
m = 4
n = mt = 4(10) = 40
Step 2: What is asked? (Determine what the problem requires you to do.)
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Step 3: What is the appropriate formula to be used? (Determine the formula to be used.)
𝐧 𝐅
i = mj and j= 𝐏
− 𝟏
Step 4: What is/are the solution/s to the problem? (Determine the solution/s of the given
problem.)
a. To find the nominal rate (i), you must find periodic rate (j) first:
𝟏𝟎 𝐅
j=
𝐏
− 𝟏
𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
= 𝟓𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎
− 𝟏
𝟒𝟎
= √𝟐 − 𝟏
= 1.01745 - 1
= 0.01748
b. Since i = mj, then
i = 4 (0.01748)
= 0.0699
= 6.99%
Step 5: What is your final answer to the problem? (Determine the final answer to the
problem.)
Therefore, in 10 years, Janine’s investment will double at 6.99%
interest rate compounded quarterly.
Practice Task 1
3. How long will it take PhP 5 000.0 to earn PhP 1 000.00 if the interest is 8%
compounded quarterly?
5. How much will you invest if you want to accumulate PhP 100 000.00 at 7.5% interest
compounded semi-annually for 6 years.
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Practice Task 2
For items 1 – 2:
3. How much should you invest in a fund earning 6% compounded monthly if you need
PhP 75,000 in 1 year and 3 months?
4. How long will it take the PhP 200 000.00 loan to accumulate to PhP 300 000.00 at
7.5% compounded semi-annually?
Practice Task 3
1. A salesman borrowed PhP 200 000.00 for his capital in his buy and sell business. If
the loan is at 5% interest compounded semi-annually, how much will he pay after 3
years?
2. At what interest rate quarterly will an investment double itselft after 8 years?
3. How long would your PhP 50 000.00 investment be tripled if you invest it at 6%
interest rate compounded monthly?
16
POST-TEST
Directions: This test will evaluate your knowledge and skills prior to starting this module.
Read and analyze each item carefully then select the correct answer from the
given options. If the question has no answer from the given choices, write E.
(You may use scientific calculator if necessary.)
.
1. How much interest will she earn if she will invest the money for 4 years?
a. PhP 10 994.48 c. PhP 10 294. 48
b. PhP 10 775.31 d. PhP 10 275.31
3. A vegetable vendor aims to have his savings grow to Php 50 000.00 in 2 years.
How much should be his initial investments in an account that pays 10% interest
rate compounded quarterly?
a. PhP 40 000.00 c. PhP 42 000.00
b. PhP 41 037.33 d. PhP 45 037.33
4. Your mother gave you PhP 15 000.00 and you deposited it in an account that
offers 6% compound semi-annually. How long should you invest your money if
you want to accumulate Php 60 000.00?
a. 25 years c. 12 years
b. 23 ½ years d. 20 ½ years
5. Mr. EJ’s loan of PhP 60 000.00 had accumulated to PhP 90 000.00 in 6 years. At
what nominal rate compounded quarterly had been applied for the loan?
a. 6% c. 8 %
b. 6.82% d. 9.82%
- End of Post-Test -
17
ASSIGNMENT
How long will your investment will be four times as its principal amount
if it will be invested at 12% interest rate compounded monthly?
B. Write a short reflection relating the statement, “As the frequency of conversion
periods in a year increases, the larger the compound interest, and so, is the
compound amount.” in real life.
References:
Bacani, J.B. and Soriano, J.M., (2017) General Mathematics for Grade 11, 151 Quezon City:
Ephisians Publishing Inc.
DepEd (2016). General Mathematics Learners Material First Edition. Department of
Education.
Orence, O.A. (2016). RBS General Mathematics First Edition, Sampaloc, Manila: Rex
Book Store, Inc.
Reyes A., and Sulit, R. (2016), General Mathematics, Jimcyville Publications
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Answer Key
Pre-Test
1. d
2. d
3. a
4. c
5. d
Practice Task 1
1. F = PhP 365 520.87
2. I = PhP 24 220.83
3. n =10 quarters or t = 2 ½ years
4. i = 13.94%
5. P = PhP 64 289.90
Practice Task 2
1. F = PhP 26 541.95
2. I = PhP 1 541.95
3. P = PhP 69 593.77
4. n = 12 semi-annuals or t = 6 years
Practice Task 3
1. F = PhP 231 938.68
2. i = 8.76%
3. n = 221 months or t = 18 years and 5 months
Post-Test
1. a
2. a
3. b
4. b
5. b
Assignment
A. n = 140 months or t = 11 years and 8 months
B. (Individual reflection)
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