Scribd
Upload
19 views2 pages

Serie 1 (1)

Uploaded by

machidyounes06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views2 pages

Serie 1 (1)

Uploaded by

machidyounes06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

UMBB First-Year C S and C E

Faculty of Science Module : Analysis 1


Departement of Mathematics Academic year : 2022/2023

Series n◦ 1 -The Real Numbers-

Methods of Proof
Exercise 1.
1. After calculating the first terms, find simple expressions for the following sums, then prove this by induc-
tion.
1 1 1
+ + ··· + ,
1×2 2×3 (n − 1)n
1 + 3 + · · · + (2n − 1).

2. Let x, y ∈ R. Prove each of the following:

∀ε > 0, x < y + ε ⇒ x ≤ y,
∀ε > 0, |x − y| < ε ⇒ x = y.
√
3. Prove that 3∈
/ Q.
4. Which statements are true, and which statements are false? If a statement is true, then prove it, if a
statement is false, then give a counterexample.
i) If x and y are rational numbers, then x + y is rational.
ii) If x and y are irrational numbers, then x + y is irrational.
iii) If x and y are irrational numbers, then x × y is irrational.
iv) If x is a rational number, y is an irrational number, then x + y is irrational.
v) If x is a rational number, y is an irrational number, then x × y is irrational.
5. Show which method can be used to disprove the following statements:
i) Let n ∈ N and suppose that n is prime. Then 2n − 1 is prime.
ii) If a, b ∈ R, a < b then |a| < |b| .
6. Prove that
if a > 0, and b > 0, then a < b ⇔ a2 < b2 .

7. If a ≥ 0 and b ≥ 0, show that


√ a+b
ab ≤ .
2
8. If a and b are two rational numbers, a < b, prove then that there exists an element c ∈ Q, such that
a < c < b.

Rational numbers
Exercise 2.
∗
{z. . . 2023}. Rewrite An as a quotient p/q of integers p ∈ Z and q ∈ Z
1. Let An = 0, |20232023
n times

2. Let A = 0, 2024. Rewrite A as a quotient p/q of integers p ∈ Z and q ∈ Z∗


3. The same quotient for the number

B = 0, 1̄ + 0, 2̄ + · · · + 0, 9̄.

1
Absolute value
Exercise 3.
1. Prove that for every x, y ∈ R the following properties of the absolute value hold.
a) |x| ≤ a ⇔ − a ≤ x ≤ +a c) |x + y| ≤ |x| + |y|
b) |x| ≥ a ⇔ x ∈] − ∞, −a] ∪ [a, +∞[ d) ||x| − |y|| ≤ |x − y|
2. Find the solutions of the following equations and inequalities.
a) |x + 2| = −1; c) |x − 3| > −2;
b) x2 − 1 + |x + 2| = |x − 3| ; d) |x + 2| − |x − 3| + |x − 4| > 0.

min, max, sup, inf


Exercise 4. Consider the following subsets of R.
A = n ∈ N, n2 + 2n ≤ 0 ;

D = {x ∈ R, − 3 ≤ x < 3} ;
 
1 1
E = x ∈ R x2 ≤ 5 ;

B = x ∈ R, > ;
(x2 + 1) 2
F = x ∈ Q, x2 < 5 .

C = {x ∈ Z, − 3 ≤ x < 3} ;
1. Determine which one is an interval, and which one is not of the previous sets.
2. Find, if there exist, the supremum, the infimum, the maximum and the minimum of the previous sets of R.
(Justify your answer).
Exercise 5. Let A and B be nonempty bounded subsets of R.
1. Prove that
i) If A ⊂ B, then Inf B ≤ Inf A ≤ SupA ≤ SupB;
ii) Sup(A ∪ B) = max(SupA, SupB);
iii) Inf (A ∪ B) = min(Inf A, Inf B).
2. For the following sets, write down their supremum and infimum if they exist (Give the reasoning for the
answer)    
1 ∗ 1
C = 1+ , n∈N ; D = −1 + , n∈N .
2n 2n + 1
Deduce max D, min D, max C and min C.
3. Let  
n 1 ∗
E = (−1) + , n ∈ N .
n
Compute sup E and inf E.

The floor of x
Exercise 6. The floor of x is the largest integer less than or equal to x, that is
[x] = max {n ∈ Z, n ≤ x} .
1. Determine [π] , [−π] and [4].
2. Prove that for every x, y ∈ R and n ∈ N∗ , the following properties of the Greatest Integer hold
a) x ≤ y ⇒ [x] ≤ [y] ; c) [x] + [y] ≤ [x + y] ≤ [x] + [y] + 1;
 
[nx]
b) = [x] ; d) [x + 1] = [x] + 1.
n
3. Solve in R, the following equations
√  h√ i
a) x = 2, b) x2 = 4, c) [x [x]] = 1.

You might also like