Scribd
Upload
3 views

BIO PROJECT

Uploaded by

ppt02234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

BIO PROJECT

Uploaded by

ppt02234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

CONTENT

POLLINATION

PROCESS

TYPES

SELFPOLLINATION

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF


SELF POLLINATION

CROSS POLLINATION

TYPES OF CROSS POLLINATION

ANEMOPHILY

ZOOPHILY

ANTHROPOPHILY

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF


CROSS-POLLINATION
What is pollination?
Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred
from the male part (anther) of a flower to the female
part (stigma) of the same or another flower, enabling
fertilization and the production of seeds. This is a
crucial step in the reproductive process of many plants.

process of pollination
The process of pollination begins when the pollen grains from
the respective flowers land on the stigma and from a pollen
tube with the style length, which connects both the stigma
and ovary.After the completion of the polle tube,the pollen
grain starts transmitting sperm cellsfrom the grain to ovary.

later the process of fertilisation in plNTS WILL take place


when the sperm cells will reach the ovary and egg cells.the
seed is then released from the parent plant and making it
able

Types of Pollination
All plants having flowers completely rely on pollination
method for reproduction There are 2 types of pollination
Self Pollination
Cross-Pollination
1. Self Pollination
It is referred to as the primary type of pollination as it
includes a single flower Self-pollination occurs when pollen
grains fall directly from anther into the stigma of the flower.
This process is quite simple and fast, which leads to a
reduction in genetic diversity as the sperm and egg cells of
the flower share some genetic information
Advantages of Self-pollination
Self- pollination ensures that recessive characters are
eliminated.
The wastage of the pollen grain is very less compared to
cross-pollination
In the process of self-pollination, the purity of the race is
maintained, as there is no diversity in the genes
In self-pollination, there is no involvement of external factors
like wind, water, and other pollinating agents.
Self-pollination ensures that even a smaller quantity of
produced pollen grains from plants have a good success rate
in pollination.

Disadvantages of self-pollination
The major disadvantage of Self-pollination is there is no
mixing up of genes. Due to which
The vigour and vitality of the race are reduced
The immunity to diseases is reduced in the resultant
offsprings.
Cross-Pollination
It refers to a complex type of pollination that allows the
transfer of pollen grains from the anther of the flower into
the stigma of another flower. This method leads to an
increase in genetic diversity as different flowers will share
and combine their genetic information to create unique
offspring

Types of Cross-Pollination
The process of cross-pollination requires the help of biotic
and abiotic agents like animals. birds, wind, insects, water
and other agents as pollinators

Pollination by Wind- Anemophily


Pollination by Animals - Zoophily
Artificial Pollination - Anthropophily
Pollination by Wind- Anemophily
There are only a few flowers that use wind pollination and their
features are greenish, small and odourless flowers. As these
flowers do not attract the pollinators, their energy is not used
for making colourful petals. This type of pollination usually
occurs when plants lack flowers with nectar and other features
including inconspicuous. The male parts of the Anemophilous
flowers tend to produce very large quantities of pollen and the
stigma, the female reproductive part of a flower are very large,
sticky and feathery to extend completely outside the flower.
Thus the pollen is more likely to reach them.
Coconut, palm, maize, grasses and all gymnosperms are the
best examples of wind-pollinated plants
You must have seen that your car is fully covered with yellow
film in the spring, it is actually the pollen that uses wind for
pollination process.

Pollination by Animals - Zoophily


Animals play an important role in plant reproduction. They help
in seed dispersal When an animal eats the fruit of a plant, they
move to a different location. This movement helps in spreading
the seeds and with this, we get new plants to new locations
Artificial Pollination - Anthropophily
Artificial pollination is done by human beings. This process is also
called as the Anthropophily. If there are any difficulties in the
pollination process through abiotic or biotic agents, the artificial
method of pollination is performed by spreading pollen grains over
the female flowers. Hybridization techniques are also used in this
process.
Advantages Of Cross-pollination
The produced seeds are good in vigour and vitality.
All unisexual plants can reproduce through the process of
Cross-pollination.
The recessive characters in the lineage are eliminated as
a result of genetic recombination.
This process improves the immunity of the offsprings
towards the diseases and other environmental factors.
Cross-pollination introduces new genes into a sequence of
species and this is mainly due to the fertilization between
genetically different gametes.

Disadvantages of Cross-pollination
In this process, there is a great wastage of pollen grains.
Due to genetic recombination during meiosis, there are
chances of eliminations of good qualities and additions of
unwanted characteristics in offspring.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the biology project
titeld “POLLINATION” has been successfully
completed by Satyaranjan Bal of class xii in
partial fulfillment of curriculum of central
board of secondary education (cbse) leading
to the award of annual examination of the
year 2024-25

Signature of internal: SIgnature of external:

Signature of principal:
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Chemistry project
titeld “DETERMINATION OF CONTENTS OF
COLD DRINKS ” has been successfully
completed by Satyaranjan Bal of class xii in
partial fulfillment of curriculum of central
board of secondary education (cbse) leading to
the award of annual examination of the year
2024-25

Signature of internal: SIgnature of external:

Signature of principal:
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the English project titeld
“EACH DESTINATION OF INDIA: A THING OF
BEAUTY” has been successfully completed by
Satyaranjan Bal of class xii in partial
fulfillment of curriculum of central board of
secondary education (cbse) leading to the
award of annual examination of the year
2024-25

Signature of internal: SIgnature of external:

Signature of principal:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost I thank my teacher MRS


SANGHAMITRA SAHOO (PGT BIO) who hasassigned
me this term paper to bring out my creativity
capabilities.

I express my gratitude to my parents to my parents for


being a continuous sources of encouragement for all
their financial aid

My heartfelt gratitude to my classmates and for


helping me to complete my work in time
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost I thank my teacher MR.KANAD


GIRI (PGT ENG) who hasassigned me this term paper
to bring out my creativity capabilities.

I express my gratitude to my parents to my parents for


being a continuous sources of encouragement for all
their financial aid

My heartfelt gratitude to my classmates and for


helping me to complete my work in time

You might also like