International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 8 Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2024 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Modeling and Simulation of a Standalone

Hybrid Microgrid System Using MATLAB Simulink
Phone Myint Thu, Soe Win, Soe Soe Ei Aung
Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Yangon Technological University, Yangon, Myanmar

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Phone Myint

Hybrid microgrid system is regarded as the part of the core network Thu | Soe Win | Soe Soe Ei Aung
of electricity system and can also be separated alone from the main "Modeling and Simulation of a
grid. According to the load fluctuation such as from 150kW to Standalone Hybrid Microgrid System
Using MATLAB Simulink" Published in
250kW and from 250kW to 200kW, the modeling and simulation of a
International Journal
standalone hybrid microgrid system with photovoltaic, wind and of Trend in
battery is analyzed in this paper. For the photovoltaic system, PV Scientific Research
array which has total numbers of 580 PV modules is connected with and Development
a boost converter. In order to obtain the maximum amount of power (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
from PV array, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) 6470, Volume-8 |
technique is used. In the wind energy system, a permanent magnet Issue-5, October IJTSRD70505
synchronous generator (PMSG) is with the d-q reference frame used. 2024, pp.1168-
The wind energy system control is determined by using the 1173, URL:
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique to obtain the www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd70505.pdf
maximum power from continuously varying wind speed. Battery is
Copyright © 2024 by author (s) and
used as the energy storage device to absorb excess of power and
International Journal of Trend in
cover shortage of power. The proposed standalone hybrid microgrid Scientific Research and Development
system performance is carried out with MATLAB Simulink Journal. This is an
simulations under standard test condition in which 1000w/m2 Open Access article
radiation, cell temperature 25℃ and wind speed is 10m/s. distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons
KEYWORDS: Hybrid microgrid; Photovoltaic; Wind; Battery; Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
PMSG; MPPT; Simulation (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

I. INTRODUCTION
To generate electrical energy and avoid environmental P&O is used the purposed control method for an
problems, renewable energies are a solution of this MPPT strategy.
problem, which are produced from natural resources II. System Configuation of Proposed Hybrid
such as sun, wind and water [1]. But the power can’t Microgrid System
meet the load power demand because renewable The main components used in the proposed hybrid
energies depend on climatic conditions. Therefore, microgrid system are photovoltaic system, wind
hybrid microgrid systems are needed. In fact, hybrid energy system which uses Permanent Magnet
microgrid system is composed with distributed energy Synchronous Generator, battery energy storage system
resources (DER) (photovoltaic, wind turbines) and and power converters which is used to adapt the
distributed energy storage devices (DES) (flywheels, voltage between different elements of the proposed
superconducting inductors, batteries). This DES are hybrid microgrid system. The PV and wind energy
used to absorb excess power and to cover the power system are separately connected with DC-DC boost
shortage. To extract the maximum power from converters to raise the level of voltage level and attach
microgrid system, MPPT have been proposed in both to the dc bus in order to obtain the accurate dc output
photovoltaic and wind system. There are various kinds without any fluctuations. The battery energy storage
of MPPT control algorithms for photovoltaic and wind system is connected with bidirectional DC-DC
system which are Perturb and observation (P&O), converter to charge the battery bank when surplus
Incremental conductance (INC), Parasitic capacitance, energy is obtained from renewable energy sources,
Voltage based peak power tracking and etc. [2]. In this and discharge the battery bank to supply power to the
paper, an isolated hybrid microgrid system is load when essential. By using of three phase inverter,
described by giving the modeling of each component. DC voltage is changed to AC and then AC voltage is
given to the load through the AC bus [4]. Figure 1

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shows a schematic diagram and the system Simulink model of PV array panel is modeled by
configuration for the proposed microgrid. using MATLAB. This model is shown in figure 3.

Fig 2. Simulink model of PV array panel

B. Modeling of Wind Energy System
Figure 1. System Configuration of the Proposed
According to the wind movements, the wind turbine
Hybrid Microgrid
can generate required output power [6]. The power
III. Modelling of Proposed Hybrid Microgrid output generated by the wind turbine in terms of the
System aerodynamic power coefficient of turbine, Cp which it
The proposed hybrid renewable microgrid system can be approximated as the expression of the tip speed
shown in Figure 1 is composed by photovoltaic, and ratio, λ and the blade pitch angle, β can be presented
wind as energy sources and battery as energy storage, as following equation
accompanied with power converters to adapt the
voltage between different elements and to guarantee (4)
energy management.
According to its high rate of efficiency, the
A. Modeling of Photovoltaic Array Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)
The PV array’s basic building block is the PV cells. is selected for the wind energy system [7]. PMSG’s
They can convert solar energy directly into electrical dynamic modeling in the d-q reference system can be
energy. The PV array is built by connecting numbers expressed by the following equations (5) and (6).
of PV modules in series and/or parallel based on the
system’s requirement. The PV modules are made up (5)
of series connected PV cells and have precise
parameters like open circuit voltage, short circuit (6)
voltage, diode ideality factor, MPPT operating point,
series and shunt connected resistors values and
numbers of series connected cells [5]. The equivalent
circuit of a PV cell is shown in the figure 2.
The current-voltage relationship of the PV module
which contain of series connected PV cells is exposed
by the equation below:
(1) Fig 4. Simulink model of PMSG with wind
energy conversion system
Iph, photocurrent, reliant on solar irradiation and Trk,
module operating surface temperature is shown in the Simulink model of wind energy conversion is
following equation. modeled by using MATLAB. The diagram consists of
(2) wind turbine, PMSG, bridge rectifier and also one
boost converter shown in figure 4.
Is , leakage current can be expressed as C. Modeling of Battery Storage System
The battery storage system which is implemented in
(3) this paper is shown in figure 3 and can be modeled
with the use of following equation [8].
ID Ish Rs IPV (7)
D Rsh When the battery is charged, battery current Ibat is
RL
positive whereas it is negative when discharged. The
voltage model necessary able to forecast that the
Fig 2. Equivalent circuit of PV Cell voltage of the battery will reduce gradually and

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linearly during the initial part of the discharge and The bidirectional DC-DC converters can be mode
quickly at the end when the capacity of the battery is using following equations:
nearly empty. In the situation of recharging, the
For Boost operation,
voltage rises linearly during the initial part and more
quickly to the end of the charge. The require capacity (9)
of the battery in ampere-hours (Ah) can be estimated
by using the equation shown as below: (10)

(8) For Buck Operation,

(11)

The boost converter and buck converter of

bidirectional DC-DC converter for discharging and
charging are modelled by using MATLAB in the
following figure 9 and 10.
Fig 5. Model of Battery
The battery is connected with a bidirectional DC-DC
converter. Battery energy storage system is modelled
by using MATLAB according to the stability of the
microgrid.

Fig 9. Simulink model of Boost Converter for

Discharging

Fig 6. Simulink model of Battery Energy Storage

System Fig 10. Simulink model of Buck Converter for
D. Modeling of Bidirectional DC-DC Converter Charging
The charging and discharging of battery storage IV. Control for Renewable Sources of Hybrid
system is carried out by the bidirectional DC–DC Microgid
converter. In this research, a buck–boost DC–DC The control for renewable sources of the hybrid
converter is implemented for the operation of charging microgrid system is analyzed with two portions. They
and discharging [9][10]. The configuration of the are (1)Control of Photovoltaic Energy System and (2)
bidirectional DC-DC converter is illustrated in the Control of Wind Energy System with the algorithm
following figure 7. flow charts.
A. Control of Photovoltaic Energy System
In order to extract amount of maximum power
generation from PV modules, Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) control methods have been
implemented. Among five different kinds of MPPT
control methods, Perturb and Observe (P&O) method
is implemented in this research for determining the
PV array’s terminal reference voltage value [11]. The
algorithm flow chart of Perturb and observe (P&O)
Fig 7. Configuration of the bidirectional DC-DC for PV energy system is shown by the following
converter figure 11.

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V. Simulation Results
In this paper, simulation of solar PV, PMSG based
variable speed wind energy conversion system battery
storage system is analyzed by using MATLAB
Simulink. The simulation model of the standalone
hybrid microgrid system is modelled by using
MATLAB Simulink shown in figure 13.

Figure 11. Algorithm flow chart of Perturb and Fig 13. Simulink model of Standalone Hybrid
observe (P&O) of PV energy system Microgrid System

B. Control of Wind Energy System Power generation from Photovoltaic system is shown
The wind turbine’s speed variation depends on its in figure 14 and the power generation of wind energy
atmospheric situations. Therefore, the PMSG’s output system shown in figure 15.
voltage and frequency of will be altered as per
difference in wind speed. Also, the output of a three-
phase diode rectifier will be changed.

Fig 14. Simulation Result of Power Generation

from Photovoltaic System

Fig 15. Simulation Result of Power Generation

from Wind Energy System
The charging and discharging of the battery storage in
the form of current and output voltage curves shown
in figure 16 and 17.

Fig 16. Simulation Result of Current curve for

Fig 12. Algorithm flow chart of Perturb and Charging and Discharging of the Battery
observe (P&O) of PV energy system
Thus, the MPPT control is implemented in wind
energy system during a sudden variation in wind
speed. There are numerous kinds of methods
accessible for MPPT in wind energy system which Fig 17. Simulation Result of Voltage curve for
are Tip speed ratio (TSR), power signal feedback, and Charging and Discharging of the Battery
perturb and observe (P&O) [12]. Among them, The power demand curve of the load is shown in
perturb and observe (P&O) is implement in this figure 18.
research. The algorithm flow chart of Perturb and
observe (P&O) for wind energy system is shown by
the following figure 12.

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effectively meet varying load demands when well-
coordinated with battery storage. However, due to the
intermittency of solar and wind, battery storage plays
a critical role in ensuring consistent power supply,
Fig 18. Simulation Result of Power Demand especially during periods of low generation or high
Curve of the Load load demand.
VI. Discussion of Simulation Results of Hybrid According to battery charging and discharging
Microgrid System profile, the battery's charging and discharging
The results of simulation are separated into three behavior shows how it supports the system during
portions according to the load demand. In the first generation shortfalls or load spikes. With the load
interval from 0 to 3 sec, the initial load consumed is fluctuating between 150 kW and 250 kW, and then
about 147 kW instead of 150 kW load demand. Wind from 250 kW to 200 kW, the battery compensates for
power generates about 1.5 kW and stabilizing with a gaps when generation is lower than demand, and it
slight decrease in PV power up to 202 kW. In figure charges during times of surplus generation. This
19, total generation power is about 204 kW which is smooths out power delivery to the load and ensures
greater than load demand and thus in this case, battery stability. In scenarios where load demand peaks or
is stored the surplus power from this generation. generation fluctuates, the battery optimizes energy
utilization, reducing wastage and enhancing system
In the second interval from 4 to 6sec, load demand is
efficiency.
increased from 150kW to 250 kW and thus, in this
case, the storage power 38 kW from the battery is From the point of view from renewable penetration
discharged to compensate for power generation of and sustainability, the hybrid microgrid setup
renewable sources such as photovoltaic energy which demonstrates the potential for high renewable
remained constant at 202 kW and wind energy system penetration in meeting local demands without reliance
at 1.5 kW. on conventional power sources. This configuration
not only supports sustainability but also minimizes
In the third interval from 7 to 10 sec, load demand
operational costs associated with fossil fuel usage.
decreases from 250 kW to 200 kW and in this case,
battery is stored 8 kW from the surplus power of the Therefore, from the modelling and simulation of a
total generation such as photovoltaic energy which standalone hybrid microgrid system with solar PV,
remained constant at 202 kW and wind energy system wind power, and battery storage, the power output of
at 1.5 kW. In the figure 19, the comparison curve is each generation source alongside the charging and
presented the total power generation of photovoltaic discharging profile of the battery and load demand
system and wind energy system with battery storage fluctuations provides to the system stability,
and the load demand. reliability, and efficiency.
Acknowledgment
At first, the author wishes to express high gratitude to
his parents for their encouragement throughout this
study. The author is also greatly gratitude to Dr. Soe
Win, Professor, Department of Electrical Power
Engineering, Yangon Technological University, for
distribution of his valuable experience. The author
wants to deliver his special thankfulness to Dr. Soe
Fig 19. Comparison Curves of power generation Soe Ei Aung, Professor, Department of Electrical
of photovoltaic system, wind energy system, Power Engineering, Yangon Technological
battery storage and the load demand University, for her vital advice and continuous
supervision for this paper.
VII. Conclusions
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