VOIP, VLAN AND DHCP CONFIGURATION

In this the report I will be configuring the network 172.100.100.0 255.255.255.128 to

accommodate the following technologies:
• VOIPLAN
This network topology consists of:
• 1 Router
• 1 Switch
• 3 IP Phones
• 3 Laptops
Configuring VOIP on the LAN
Topology requirements:
• Cisco router 2811 series
• Switch 2960 series
• 7960 IP Phones (3)
• 3 Laptops
Network Address: 172.100.100.0
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.128
Slash format: /25
Hosts: 120

Addressing Table:
4th Octet
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Bits
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Hosts
128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 Masks
/25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30 /31 /32 Slash Format
To be able to assign 120 hosts, I will be operating in the column highlighted in yellow.
The network address should be able to accommodate 2 more IP addresses for the:
1. Default-gateway Address (172.100.100.127)
2. Next Network Address (172.100.100.128)
Mapping Table:
Network Network Hosts 1st Usable IP Last Usable IP Default- Subnet Mask
Name Address Address Address gateway
LAN A 172.100.100.0 120 172.100.100.1 172.100.100.126 172.100.100.127 255.255.255.128
172.100.100.128

In the table above, the address highlighted in yellow (172.100.100.128) will be used as the network address for
the next network.
Configuring DHCP on the router.
Since the router named Router0 will be configured to
use DHCP there is no need to manually assign IP
addresses to the end devices.
1. Assign the 1st Usable IP address (172.100.100.1)
to the interface of the router (interface fast-
ethernet 0/0).

2. Make the router a DHCP server, in order to

automatically assign IP addresses to end devices
based on the network address (172.100.100.0
255.255.255.128).
The default-router (172.100.100.1) will then be
reflected in the configurations of the end devices
as the default-gateway.
Packet transition after enabling DHCP on Laptop0
Enabling the telephony service on
the router.
• The configuration telephony-
service is used to access the
config-telephony mode and enable
the telephony service.

• The configuration max-ephones 10

is used to specify the max number
of ephones.
(Ephone is an IP phone that is connected to the voice network)

• The configuration max-dn 10 refers to the number of extensions that can be added
(max-dn refers to the max number of directory numbers).

• The configuration IP source-address 172.100.100.1 port 2100 refers to the default-gateway and the port
number for IP phone registration.
The IP Phone registration port numbers range from 2000-2999.
Default IP Phone port number 2000

• The configuration auto assign 4 to 6 and auto assign 1 to 5 indicates the ephone-dn range to specific type of
phone
Configuring a voice VLAN on the switch
VLAN is implemented to segment/divide traffic in a network, to prevent traffic congestion and collisions and
improve security in the network. In a network, voice traffic needs to be prioritized higher than other traffic
because it is very sensitive to delays and dropped packets.
In this case voice traffic is divided from the regular traffic by assigning interfaces fa0/1-10 to voice vlan 1

The configuration switchport mode access is used to enable access to the switch.
The configuration switchport voice vlan 1 specifies the type of traffic which is to be separated and the vlan ID.
Configuring the IP Phone directory for the 3 IP Phones

ephone-dn Line number ephone IP address Mac-Address

1 2001 172.100.100.3 00E0.A3E3.AD28
2 2002 172.100.100.5 00D0.97D0.E4B1
3 2003 172.100.100.7 0030.A31E.62A7
All 3 IP phones have been successfully registered and assigned IP addresses by the Router (DHCP server).
Verifying DHCP configuration

The screenshot above is the IP configuration of laptop0.

DHCP has been enabled and the IP address of 172.100.100.2 has been assigned to laptop0. Subnet mask of
255.255.255.128. Default-gateway of 172.100.100.1.

The enabling of DHCP is done on all the laptops to receive automatically generated IP addresses.
Testing connectivity between the 3 IP Phones
IP Phone0 dialing IP Phone1.

The image above shows the connection between IP The image above shows the connection between IP
Phone0 (line number: 2001) and IP Phone1 (line Phone0 (line number: 2001) and IP Phone1 (line
number: 2002). number: 2002).
In this case IP Phone0 (line number: 2001) is calling/dialing IP Phone1 (line number: 2002). And when the IP
Phone1 (line number: 2001) is picked up the connection is established
Packet transition/movement between IP Phone0 and IP Phone1
SCCP (Skinny Client Control
Protocol).
SCCP is a Cisco propriety signaling
protocol that is used by Cisco
VOIP Phones to communicate
with the Call Manager.
In this case the Call Manager can
be referred to as Router0.
This packet transition process
is repeated whenever IP
Phones dial one another.
IP Phone0 dialing IP Phone2

The image above shows the connection between The image above shows the connection
IP Phone0 (line number: 2001) and IP Phone2 between IP Phone0 (line number: 2001) and IP
(line number: 2003). Phone2 (line number: 2003).

In this case IP Phone0 (line number: 2001) is calling/dialing IP Phone2 (line number: 2003). And when the IP
Phone2 (line number: 2003) is picked up the connection is established
IP Phone 0 dailing an unknown IP Phone

IP Phone0 is trying to connect to an IP Phone with the line number of 2004. But no connection is established
because there is no IP Phone in the network with line number:2004 hence the unknown number message is
displayed on the screen of the IP Phone0.
Conclusion

Based on the research conducted in this report, VLAN technology is important for network integrity and security
because certain network traffic is restricted to a specific group of end devices. All voice traffic that is transmitted
across the network will flow through the voice vlan 1.

VOIP is an audio technology that allows audio communication to be translated into binary format and then
encapsulated into packets that can be sent across the IP network. VOIP (Voice over IP protocol) is used to deliver
voice communications over IP networks. Communication between IP Phones was enabled using the telephony-
service command on the router. All IP Phones were able to send and receive calls across the network. For IP
Phones to communicate with one another, they must be connected to the same router.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is ideal for automatically assigning IP addresses to end devices.
Based on the subnet mask 255.255.255.128 only 128 hosts/devices can be assigned IP addresses within the range
172.100.100.1 to 172.100.100.126 (usable IP addresses).
The required number of IP hosts is 120 plus the default-gateway IP address and the next network IP address
makes a total of 122 IP addresses, that leaves an excess of 6 IP addresses unassigned. (128-122=6).
References

• CCNP and CCIE Collaboration Core CLCOR 350-801 Official Cert Guide
• CCNA Cyber-Security Operations Companion Guide
• www.cisco.com