CNC MACHINING CENTRE

#102, Chittor Vellore Main Road

Near to Chittor Bus Stand
Opposite to Bharath Petrol Bunk
Dharapadavedu, Katpadi
Vellore-632007

www.brightcnc.com

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 1

 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION -------------- 6
Introduction to CNC
Applications
Advantages
Job opportunities’ Related to CNC
2. CNC MILLING AXIS NOMENCLATURE --------------- 7

3.CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM ---------------- 8

4. POISTIONING EXERCISE ---------------- 9

5. CONSTRUCTION OF CNC MILLING MACHINE ----------- 10

6. CUTTING TOOLS AND MATERIALS -------------- 11

7. G-CODES (PREPARATORY FUNCTION) ----------------- 14

8. M-CODES (MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION) ----------------- 28

9. ADDRESS CHARACTERS ----------------- 31

10. SPEED, FEED, TOOL FUNCTIONS ---------------- 30

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 2

11. MODAL, NON MODAL, BLOCK SKIP ------------ 33

12. CANNED CYCLES PROGRAM EXAMPLES ----------- 34

13. OPERATING SYSTEM AND MODE FUNCTION -------- 55

14. EXPLANATION OF THE KEYBOARD -------- 58

15. FUNCTION KEYS AND SOFT KEYS -------- 60

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 3

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Identify & comply with the safe working practices, environmental regulation
and housekeeping.
2. Perform milling operations on simple components.
3. Perform Turning simple operations on simple parts.
4. Execute operations of unconventional machining processes.
5. Identify customer needs & Product specification.
12. Apply M code & G Code used in CNC & VMC machines.
13. Perform Computer aided machining & Wire-frame Geometry Creation,
Surface and Solid Modeling, Dimension, Importing and Exporting of files.
14. Verify Toolpath Generation & Programming by using Computer Aided
Manufacturing Software
Job Description
Machining Technician; is also known as Machinist or CNC Machine
Operator. The role covers operations of different machine tools performed
both-manually and through automatic/CNC machines/ robots. This role
primarily involves all kinds of machining and in-line inspection activities for
quality verification, ad hoc repair work, change of worn out parts, gauging
and deburring activities.
CNC Operator-Machining Technician; sets up base level operations of
different machine tools and same can be performed both manually and
through automatic machines/robots. Machining Technician Level 3 is often
called Assistant Machinist, Junior Machinist, Lathe Operator, Apprentice
Machinist, Semi- Skilled Operator. This role primarily involves supporting the
Machine Operator in all pre machining activities, machining of the actual
part, ad hoc repair work like in auto service stations, gauging, and deburring
and inspection activities.
CNC Operator; is responsible for maintaining and operating CNC machine.
The individual monitors gauges and dials. The individual must be proficient
in programming and setting CNC machinery.
CNC Operator-Vertical Machining Centre; produces components that
combine a number of different features, such as flat faces, parallel faces,
faces square to each other, faces at an angle, steps/shoulders, open and
enclosed slots, drilled, bored and reamed holes, internal threads, and special

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 4

forms. It involves continuously monitoring, inspecting the components and
meeting production targets.
CNC Setter cum Operator-Turning; sets up the CNC turning machine, its
work holding devices, tooling, loading the machine operating programs,
conducting trial runs and correcting faults, in order to ensure that the work
output is produced as per specification.

CNC Operator-Turning; removes metal from the outer diameter of a

rotating cylindrical workpiece. It also involves inspecting the components
and continuously monitoring of the machining operations and making minor
adjustments in order to ensure that the work output is to the required
quality and accuracy.
CNC Programmer; produce the component program using manual data
input or by use of a remote computer, saving the prepared program on the
machine controller from the computer. This involves understanding the CNC
machine tools used in the process, their application and programming,
editing and proving process, in adequate depth to provide a sound basis for
carrying out the activities.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 5

1.INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION OF CNC
Computer Numeric control (CNC) is one which the functions and the motions
of a machine tool are controlled by means of a prepared program containing
coded alphanumeric Data .CNC can control the motions of the work piece or
tool, the input parameters such as feed, depth of cut, speed and the
functions such as turning spindle on/off, turning coolant on / off.

APPLICATIONS
The applications of CNC include both for machine tool as well as non-
machine tool areas. In the machine tool category, CNC widely used for lathe,
Drill press ,Milling machine, Grinding unit, Laser, Sheet metal press working
machine Tube bending machine etc. Highly automated machine tools such as
Turning center and Machining center which change the cutting tools
automatically under CNC control have been developed .In the non-machine
tool category ,CNC applications include Welding machines ( arc and
resistance ), Coordinate measuring machine ,Electronic assembly ,Tape
laying and Filament winding machines for composites etc.

CNC ADVANTAGES
 More Accuracy
 Less Rejection
 Mass Production
 Repeatability
 Time Saving
 Good Surface finish
 Complicated jobs can be done
 Customer satisfaction
JOB OPPURTUNITIES RELATED TO CNC
 CNC Operator
 CNC Setter
 CNC Programmer

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 6

2.CNC MILLING AXIS NOMENCLATURE
The axis definition of the machining center is given below

Axis Unit Axis Travel Positive /Negative

direction Definition

X Table Longitudinal Left (+ )/Right (-)

Y Table Crosswise Forward (+)/Backward (-)

Z Spindle Vertical Upward (+)/Downward(-)

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 7

3.CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM

QUADRANT 1 IS ON THE TOP RIGHT = X+ Y+

QUADRANT 2 IS ON THE TOP LEFT = X- Y+

QUADRANT 3 IS ON THE BOTTOM LEFT = X- Y

QUADRANT 4 IS ON THE BOTTOM RIGHT = X+ Y-

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 8

4. POISTIONING EXERCISE

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 9

5.CONSTRUCTION OF CNC MILLING MACHINE :
Classifications of CNC machining centers:
1. Horizontal machining center
2. Vertical machining center
3. Universal machining center
Components of CNC machining centers:
The main components of machining centers are,
1. Bed 2. Saddle 3. Spindle 4. ATC 5.MCU 6. Column 7. Table 8. Ball
screw 9. Servo system
Machining Axis:
1. X, Y, Z axis for linear movements
2. A axis for rotary table
3. B axis for indexing head
4. C axis rotary table
Wok holding devices:
1. Machine vice 2. Universal vice 3. Chuck 4. Fixtures 5. V-blocks 6. Step
blocks 7. Clamps 8. Angle plate 9. Support jacks
Classification of cutting tools:
1. Single point cutting tools
2. Multi point cutting tools
Single point cutting tools:
Form tools like knife tools, V-Tools, and grooving tools
Multi point cutting tools:
1. Drills
2. Reamers
3. Taps
4. End mill cutter ( Flat E/M , Bull nose E/M , and Ball nose E/M )
5. Face mill cutter

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 10

6.CUTTING TOOLS AND MATERIALS:

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 11

TYPES OF CUTTING TOOLS:
1. Solid type
2. Inserted type
CUTTING TOOL MATERIAL:
1. High speed steel
2. Carbide
3. Diamond
4. Ceramic
CUTTING TOOL HOLDING DEVICES:
1. Collet adaptor
2. Drill chuck
3. Side lock adaptor
4. Taper shank adaptor
5. Spring type collet
CUTTING TOOL SELECTION FACTORS:
1. Based on material
2. Based on size
3. Based on shape / Geometry
4. Coolant medium
CUTTING FLUIDS:
Soluble oil (Water – 90 % and oil -10 %) and cutting oils
PART PROGRAMMING:
The part diagram is converted in to part program. The part program
consists of instructions written in numerical codes, which constitutes the
operations to be carried out while machining the part
Part program is the planned and documented procedure by which the
sequence of processing steps to performed on the NC Machine.
TYPES OF PART PROGRAMMING:
 Manual part programming
 Computer aided part programming

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 12

CYCLE:
A set of operations which is repeated regularly in same sequence
TYPES OF CYCLES:
Canned cycles
Special cycles (Transformation cycles)

CANNED CYCLES:
Fixed sequence of operations, which are permanently stored in the
control system. The fixed cycles can be called and used by a single
command in the part program.
1. Drilling
2. Boring
3. Tapping
4. Pocketing
5. Slotting
SPECIAL CYCLES (TRANSFORMATIONCYCLES):
This cycles are used for operations transformation like
1. Mirroring
2. Scaling
3. Rotation
MACHINE LANGUAGES:
Machine language is nothing but control system, it is used to communicate
the machine
1.FANUC
2.SINUMERIC
3.HEIDENHEIN
4.OKUMA

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 13

.7. G-CODE (PREPARATORY FUNCTION)

G-Code is used to specify machining method on each block of program on

movement of axis.

LIST OF G-CODES

G00 Rapid traverse Motion

G01 Linear interpolation Motion
G02 Circular interpolation CW Motion
G03 Circular interpolation CCW Motion
G04 Dwell
G15 Polar coordinates command cancel
G16 Polar coordinates command
G17 XY Plane selection
G18 XZ Plane selection
G19 YZ Plane selection
G20 Input in inch
G21 Input in mm
G28 Return to reference position
G30 2nd,3rd and 4th reference position return
G40 Cutter compensation cancel
G41 Cutter compensation left
G42 Cutter compensation right
G43 Tool length compensation + direction
G44 Tool length compensation - direction
G49 Tool length compensation cancel
G50 Scaling on
G51 Scaling off
G54 Work coordinate system 1

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 14

G55 Work coordinate system 2
G56 Work coordinate system 3
G57 Work coordinate system 4
G58 Work coordinate system 5
G59 Work coordinate system 6
G63 Tapping mode
G64 Cutting mode
G68 Work coordinate rotation
G69 Work coordinate rotation cancel
G73 High speed peck drilling cycle
G74 Left Hand Tapping cycle
G76 Fine boring cycle
G80 Canned cycle cancel
G81 Drilling cycle
G82 Counter boring cycle
G83 Peck drilling cycle
G84 Right Hand Tapping cycle
G85 Reaming cycle
G86 Boring cycle
G87 Back boring cycle
G90 Absolute Position
G91 Incremental Position
G94 Feed in mm/min
G95 Feed in rev/min
G98 Return to initial point in canned cycle
G99 Return to R point in canned cycle

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 15

G00 RAPID POSITIONING MOTION
Rapid traverse motion; Used for non-cutting moves of the machine in
positioning quick to a location to be machined, or rapid away after program
cuts have been performed. Maximum rapid motion (I.P.M.) of a Haas
machine will vary on machine model.

Format: G00 X_Y_Z_;

G01 LINEAR INTERPOLATION MOTION

Linear interpolation motion; Used for actual machining and metal removal.
Governed by a programmed feed rate in inches (or mm) per minute.
Maximum feed rate (I.P.M.) of a Haas machine will vary on machine model
Straight Line at feed rate’’ requires the program word G01

Format: G01 X_Y_Z_F_ ;

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 16

G02 AND G03 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CW & CCW :

G02 CW CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION MOTION

The command below will move a tool circular arc
Format: G02 X_Y_Z_R_F_ ; (Or)
G02 X_Y_Z_I_J_F_;

G03CCW CIRCULAR
INTERPOLATION MOTION
The command below will move a tool circular arc
Format: G03 X_Y_Z_R_F_; (Or)
G03 X_Y_Z_I_J_F_;
I - X-axis Distance from start point to arc
center (If R is not used)

J - Y-axis Distance from start point to arc

center (If R is not used)

K - Z-axis Distance from start point to arc

center (If R is not used)

R - Radius of the arc to be machined (If I, J, K are not used)

F - Feed rate in inches (or mm) per minute.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 17

G04 DWELL
Dwell command that halts all axis movement for a specified time.While the
spindle continuous revolving at the specified rpm.A Dwell is used largely in
drilling operations, which allows for the clearance of chips.This command
requires a specified duration, denoted by the letter P, and followed by the
time in seconds.

Format: G04 X_2.0 or G04 P_2000

G15 & G16 POLAR COMMAND

G15 – Polar coordinate command Cancel
G16 – Polar coordinate command on
G90 Specifies the zero point of the work coordinate system as the origin of
the polar coordinate system, from which a radius is measured.
G91 specifies the current position as the origin of the polar coordinate
system, from which a radius is measured.
G16 Polar coordinate command on
FORMAT: G16 X15 Y45;
Where
X15 is a radius,
Y45 is an angle,

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 18

G17 XY CIRCULAR PLANE SELECTION

The G17 code is used to select the XY plane for circular Motion. In this plane,
circular motion is defined as clockwise for the operator looking down onto
the XY table from above

G18 XZ CIRCULAR PLANE SELECTION

The G18 code is used for doing circular motion in the XZ plane.In these
diagrams shown here, you might think theG02 and G03 arrows are incorrect.
But they are correct in showing the G18 plane. You need to look at the
circular direction as if you're standing at the back of the machine looking
toward the spindle, for the G02 clockwise and G03counterclockwise
directions in the G18 XZ circular plane.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 19

G19 YZ CIRCULAR PLANE SELECTION

The G19 code is used for doing circular motion in the YZplane.In the G19
plane, you need to look at the circulardirection as if you're standing on the
right side of machine where the machine control is, looking toward the other
End, for the G02 clockwise and G03 counterclockwise directionsin the G19
YZ circular plane.

G20, G21 INCH /METRIC INPUT

The machine controller can be programmed in either Imperial (inch) unit
input (G20) or Metric (millimeter) unit input (G21). The standard format for
a CNC part program is to write the G20 or G21 code in the first block of the
program.

G CODE TYPE UNITS LOWEST INPUT VALUE

G20 Imperial Inch 0.0001 inch
G21 Metric millimeter 0.001 mm

The unit systems of the following items are changed depending on whether
G20 or G21 is set.

1) Positioning commands (X, Y and Z).

2) Incremental movement distances.
3) Feed rates commanded by the F code.
4) Offset values.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 20

G28 REFERENCE POINT AND RETURN
The G28 command is used in a program .The reference position is a fixed
position. Tools are automatically moved to the reference position via an
intermediate position along a specified axis .When a reference position is
completed, the lamp for indicating the completion of return goes on.
FORMAT:
G00 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G00 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;

CUTTER COMPENSATION
Cutter compensation is used to offset the center of the cutter, and shift it
the distance of the radius, to the specified side of the programmed path.
Complex part geometries having angled lines, lines tangent to arcs, and
lines intersecting arcs involve substantial trigonometric computations to
determine the center of the cutter. Cutter compensation involves
programming the part geometry directly instead of the tool center. The
cutter compensation commands are Cutter Comp.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 21

G40 CUTTER COMPENSATION CANCEL

G40 will cancel the G41 or G42 cutter compensation commands. A tool using
cutter compensation will change from a compensated position to an
uncompensated position. Programming in D00 will also cancel cutter
compensation. Be sure to cancel cutter compensation, when you're done
with each milling cut series that's using compensation.

G41 CUTTER COMPENSATION LEFT

G41 will select cutter compensation left; that is the tool is moved to the left
of the programmed path to compensate for the radius of the tool. A Dnn
must also be programmed to select the correct tool size from the
DIAMETER/RADIUS offset display register.

FORMAT:

G41 X_ Y_D_；

G42 CUTTER COMPENSATION RIGHT

G42 will select cutter compensation right; that is the tool is moved to the
right of the programmed path to compensate for the size of the tool. A Dnn
must also be programmed to select the correct tool size from the
DIAMETER/RADIUS offset display register.

FORMAT:

G42 X_ Y_D_；

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 22

TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION
G43 TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION + (PLUS)

This code selects tool length compensation in a positive direction. That is;
the tool length offsets are added to the commanded axis positions. An Hnn
must be programmed to select the correct offset register from the offset
display for that tool being used. During the setup process, each tool point
was touched-off to the part zero surface. From this position a TOOL LENGTH
DISTANCE offset was recorded for that tool with the TOOLOFSET MESUR
key. This TOOL LENGTH is referred to as the "Z" axis origin move to the
Part zero surface.

The programmed code to position tool:

FORMAT: G43 H01 Z0.1;

G44 TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION - (MINUS)

This code selects tool length compensation in a negative direction. That is;
the tool length offsets are subtracted from the commanded axis positions. A
Hnn must be programmed to select the correct entry from offsets memory.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 23

G49 TOOL LEGTH COMPENSATION CANCELS G43/G44

This G code cancels tool length compensation. Putting in a H00 will also
cancel tool length compensation. M30, and RESET will also cancel tool length
comp.

G54-59 WORK COORDINATE OFFSET SYSTEM #1-6

These G-codes will select one of the six work coordinate offsets that are
entered in the Work Zero Offset display page. All subsequent references to
axes’ positions will be recognized in the new coordinate system.

FORMAT: G54 X_ Y_ Z_；

Setting work co-ordinate system (G54 - G59)

G54 Work co-ordinate system 1 selection
G55 Work co-ordinate system 2 selection
G56 Work co-ordinate system 3 selection
G57 Work co-ordinate system 4 selection
G58 Work co-ordinate system 5 selection
G59 Work co-ordinate system 6 selection

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 24

POSITION
Relative Value x Absolute Value x
Y Y
Z Z
Machine Value x -450.0 Distance to go X
Y -350.0 Y
Z -250.0 Z

WORK COORDINATES

No Data No Data
G54 X -450.0 G57 X
Y -350.0 Y
Z – 250.0 Z
G55 X G58 X
Y Y
Z Z
G56 X G59 X
Y Y
Z Z

G90 ABSOLUTE POSITIONING

When G90 is active, all co-ordinates are relative to the work piece datum
(the zero position).

Example :( G90)
P1 G00 X0 YO;
P2 X10 Y20;
P3 X30 Y20;

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 25

G91 INCREMENTAL COMMAND POSITIONING

When G91 is active, all movement command values are distance moved (including the
+/- sign) from last known
programmed position.

Example:(G91)
P1 X10 Y20;
P2 X20 Y0;

G94 FEED PER MINUTE

When G94 is active, all feed rates started within the program are defined in
either millimeters per minute when operating in G21 Metric Mode, or inches
per minute when operating in G20 Imperial Mode.

For example:

(G20) F6 = 6 in/min.
(G21) F150 = 150 mm/min.

G95 FEED PER ROTATION

When G95 is active, all feed rates started within the program are defined in
either millimeter’s per revolution when operating in G21 Metric Mode, or
Inches per revolution when operating in G20 Imperial Mode.

G98 RETURN TO INITIAL LEVEL

A G98 code, when used within a canned cycle, will return the drill or boring
bar back to the initial level after machining a hole

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 26

G99 RETURN TO POINT R LEVEL

A G99 code, when used within a canned cycle, will return the drill or boring
bar back to the R point level after machining a hole.

When the tool reaches the bottom of a hole, the tool may be returned to
point R or to the initial level .These operations are specified with G98 and
G99 .The following illustrates how the tool moves when G98 or G99 is
specified .Generally, G99 is used for the first drilling operation and G98 is
used for the last drilling operation.
The initial levels does not change when when drilling is performed in the
G99 mode

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 27

8. M-CODE (MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION)
Address M and the follow numerals control on/off machine function, such as the
spindle rotation start or stop.

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION
M00 Program Stop
M01 Optional Stop
M02 Program End
M03 Spindle Clockwise
M04 Spindle Counter Clock wise
M05 Spindle Stop
M06 Tool Change
M07,M08 Coolant on
M09 Coolant off
M19 Spindle Orientation
M30 Program End
M98 Sub Program Call
M99 Sub Program Exit

M00 – PROGRAM STOP

This code is used for a Program Stop command on the machine. It stops the
spindle, turns off coolant and stops look-a-head processing. Pressing CYCLE
START again will continue the program on the next block of the program.

M01 – OPTIONAL STOP

This code is used for an Optional Program Stop command. Pressing the OPT
STOP key on the control panel signals the machineto perform a stop
command when the control reads an M01 command. It will then perform like
an M00.

M02 - PROGRAM END

This code is inserted at end of the program, When encountered the cycle will
end .To produce another, the system must be reset.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 28

M03 – SPINDLE ROTATES CLOCKWISE

Starts the spindle CLOCKWISE. Must have a spindle speed defined.

FORMAT: M03 S1000

M04 – SPINDLE ROTATES COUNTER CLOCKWISE

Starts the spindle COUNTERCLOCKWISE. Must have a spindle speed

defined.

FORMAT: M04 S1000

M05 – STOP SPINDLE

STOPS the spindle without changing the spindle speed

M06 – TOOL CHANGE

Tool change command along with a tool number will execute a tool change
for that tool. This command will automatically stop the spindle, Z-axis will
move up to the machine zero position and the selected tool will be put in
spindle. The coolant pump will turn off right before executing the tool
change.

M07- Coolant ON command

M08 - Coolant ON command

M09 - Coolant OFF command

M30 - Program End and Reset to the beginning of program

M97 - Local Subroutine call

M98 - Subprogram call

M99 - Subprogram return (M98) or Subroutine return (M97) or a Program

loop.

NOTE: Only one "M" code can be used per line. And the M-codes will be the
last command to be executed in a line, regardless of where it's located in
that line.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 29

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 30
9.ADDRESS CHARACTERS

Alphabet Meaning/Used in
A Fourth Axis Rotary motion
B Fifth Axis Rotary motion
C Auxiliary external rotary axis
D Tool radius offset no
F Feed function
G Preparatory function
H Tool length offset no
I Incremental dimension in X-Axis during circular
interpolation
J Incremental dimension in Y-Axis during circular
interpolation
K Incremental dimension in Z-Axis during circular
interpolation
M Miscellaneous function
N Number of block
O Program Number
P Designation of subprogram number with M98
Unconditional branching to block number with M99
Dwell time with G04 in milli seconds
Refereeing the variable name to which macro results are
loaded
Q Depth of cut in G73 & G83
Q=Shift amount in G76&G87 value to be used in macros
R Radius of arc in G02,G03
Retraction amount in fixed cycle value to use in macros
S Speed function
T Tool function
X Specifies the position in the direction of X-Axis
Dwell time with G04
Y Specifies the position in the direction of Y-axis
Z Specifies the position in the direction of Z-axis

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 31

10.SPEED, FEED, TOOL FUNCTIONS:

SPEED FUNCTION:
Four digit number (max) flowing S specifies the speed value .The spindle
speed specified is in RPM. Spindle speed should always be given along with
the direction of rotation of the tool.
Example:
M03 S1000 = 1000 RPM CW ROTATION
M04 S1000 = 2000 RPM CCW ROTATION
FEED FUNCTION:
Feed in normally given in mm/min
Example:
F100----feed of 100 mm/min
Feed range 100-500 mm/min
Feed is specified with G01, G02, G03 and fixed cycles
Once feed value is specified, it will remain until a new one is specified
TOOL FUNCTION:
When tool number is commanded with the numerical in two digits following
the letter ‘’ T’’ the tool magazine rotates to bring the specified tool to the
change position
Example:
T01 M06

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 32

11.MODAL , NON MODAL ,BLOCK SKIP:
MODAL
Many G-Codes and M-Codes cause the machine to change from one to
another and the mode stays active until some another command changes it
implicitly or explicitly such commands are called Modal
Modal codes are like a light switch flip it on and the lamp stays until
someone turns it off
For Example, the coolant commands are modal. If coolant is
turned on, it stays on it is explicitly turned off the G-codes for motion codes
are also Modal
If a G01 (Straight move) command is given on line, it will be
executed again on the next line unless a command is given specifying a
different motion (or) some other command which implicitly cancels G01 is
given.

NON MODAL
Non Modal codes effect only the lines on which they occur. For Example
G4 (Dwell) is Non Modal.
Non modal means it executes only once .See for Example codes
G04, G09, G28,

BLOCK SKIP

When a forward slash mark (/) is followed by a block number (at the
beginning of a block) and the block skip switch on the machine operator
panel is set to "on", the block will be ignored in memory operation. When
the block switch is set to "off", then the blocks indicated by the "/" marks
will be considered as valid.

For example,
N30 X40;
/ N40 Y50 ;
/ N50 X70;
/ N60 Y90;
N70.....

If the block skip switch is set to "on" in the above program example, then blocks
indicated by the "/" mark are skipped

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 33

12.CANNED CYCLES PROGRAMMING

Canned cycles make it easier for the programmer to create programs.

With a canned cycle, a frequently –used machining operation can be
specified in a single block with a G function; without canned cycles, normally
more than one block is required. In addition, the use of canned cycles can
shorten the program to save memory.

1. High-Speed peck Drilling cycle (G73)

2. Left-Handed tapping cycle (G74)
3. Fine boring cycle (G76)
4. Drilling cycle, spot drilling (G81)
5. Drilling cycle, counter boring cycle (G82)
6. Peck Drilling cycle (G83)
7. Right Handed Tapping cycle (G84)
8. Boring (or) Reaming cycle (G85)
9. Boring cycle (Rough Boring cycle) (G86)
10. Boring cycle (Back Boring) (G87)
11. Canned cycle (G80)

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 34

G73 HIGH –SPEED PECK DRILLING
FORMAT: G98/G99 G73 X_Y_Z_R_Q_F_;
Where,
X, Y: Hole position

Z: Hole depth

R: Initial safe position

Q: Depth of peck

F: Feed rate

 If Q is used, it specifies the amount each peck well be in a G73 canned cycle.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 35

EXAMPLE:

O001;
N1; (High speed peck drilling)
G17 G21 G40 G49 G80;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M06 T01; (8.5 mm Drill)
G0 G90 G54 X20.0 Y25.0 M03 S1000;
G43 H01 Z100 M08;
G00 Z5.0;
G99 G73 Z-42.0 R2.0 Q10.0 F250.0
X75.0;
Y60.0;
X20.0;
G0 G80 Z100;
M05;
M09;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0; Y0.0;
M30;

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 36

G74 LEFT HANDED TAPPING CYCLE

FORMAT: G98/G99 G74 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_;

Where,
X, Y: Hole position

Z: Hole depth

R: Initial safe position

P: Dwell time at the bottom of a hole

F: Feed rate

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 37

EXAMPLE:

O002;
N1; (Left hand Tap)
G17 G21 G40 G49 G80;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M06 T01; (M10 Tap)
G0 G90 G54 X20.0 Y25.0 M04 S300;
G43 H01 Z100 M08;
G00 Z5.0;
G99 G74 Z-14.0 R2.0 P1000 F450.0;
X75.0;
Y60.0;
X20.0;
G0 G80 Z100;
M05;
M09;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0; Y0.0;
M30;

The feed rate must be = Thread pitch x spindle RPM

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 38

G76 FINE BORING CYCLE
FORMAT: G98/G99 G76 X_Y_Z_R_Q_P_F_;
Where,
X, Y: Hole position

Z: Hole depth
R: Initial safe position

Q: Shift amount at bottom of hole

P: Dwell time at the bottom of a hole

F: Cutting feed rate

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 39

EXAMPLE :

O003;
N1; (Finish Boring)
G17 G21 G40 G49 G80;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M06 T01;
G0 G90 G54 X20.0 Y25.0 M03 S1000;
G43 H01 Z100 M08;
G00 Z5.0;
G99 G76 Z-14.0 R2.0 Q1.0 F250.0;
X75.0;
Y60.0;
X20.0;
G00 G80 Z100;
M05;
M09;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0; Y0.0;
M30;

There is no dwell required at the bottom since this is a through hole. P is

therefore omitted.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 40

G81 DRILLING CYCLE
FORMAT: G98/G99 G81 X_Y_Z_R_F_;
Where,
X, Y: Hole position

Z: Hole depth

R: Initial safe position

F: Feed rate

 This cycle is used for spot drilling /centering

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 41

EXAMPLE:

O004;
N1; (Spot Drilling)
G17 G21 G40 G49 G80;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M06 T01; ( 5mm Drill )
G0 G90 G54 X20.0 Y25.0 M03 S1000;
G43 H01 Z100 M08;
G00 Z5.0;
G99 G81 Z-22.0 R2.0 F250.0
X75.0;
Y60.0;
X20.0;
G00 G80 Z100;
M05;
M09;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0; Y0.0;
M30;

The tool can also be moved to the position of the first hole before calling the
cycle, and the X,Y coordinates omitted from the cycle block.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 42

G82 COUNTER BORING CYCLE
FORMAT: G98/G99 G82 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_;
Where,
X, Y: Hole position

Z: Hole depth

R: Initial Safe position

P: Dwell time at bottom of hole, seconds x 1000

F: Feed rate

 This cycle is same as drilling except that a dwell is programmed at the

bottom of the hole for accurate depth.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 43

 EXAMPLE:

O005;
N1; (Counter Boring)
G17 G21 G40 G49 G80;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M06 T01; (9 mm flat Drill)
G0 G90 G54 X20.0 Y25.0 M03 S1000;
G43 H01 Z100 M08;
G00 Z5.0;
G99 G82 Z-4.0 R2.0 P1500 F250.0;
X75.0;
Y60.0;
X20.0;
G00 G80 Z100;
M05;
M09;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0; Y0.0;
M30;

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 44

G83 PECK DRILLING CYCLE
FORMAT: G98/G99 G83 X_Y_Z_R_Q_F_;
Where,
X,Y: Hole position

Z: Hole depth

R: Initial Safe position

Q: Depth of each peck

F: Feed rate

 Here drilling is performed in pecking increments till the final depth is reached
 R is the safety distance from the last depth drilled with in the cycle and
safety distance from the zero level for the next hole.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 45

EXAMPLE:

O006;
N1; (Peck Drilling)
G17 G21 G40 G49 G80;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M06 T01; (10.25mm Drill)
G0 G90 G54 X20.0 Y25.0 M03 S1000;
G43 H01 Z100 M08;
G00 Z5.0;
G99 G83 Z-42.0 R2.0 Q10.0 F250.0;
X75.0;
Y60.0;
X20.0;
G00 G80 Z100;
M05;
M09;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0; Y0.0;
M30;

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 46

G84 RIGHT HAND TAPPING CYCLE
FORMAT: G98/G99 G84 X_Y_Z_R_P_F_;
Where,
X, Y: Hole position

Z: Hole depth

R: Initial safe position

P: Dwell time at bottom of hole

F: Feed rate

 After the final depth is reached the direction of spindle is automatically

reversed

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 47

EXAMPLE:

O007;
N1; (Right Hand Tap)
G17 G21 G40 G49 G80;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M06 T01; (M12 Tap)
G0 G90 G54 X20.0 Y25.0 M03 S250;
G43 H01 Z100 M08;
G00 Z5.0;
G99 G84 Z-14.0 R2.0 P1000 F435.0;
X75.0;
Y60.0;
X20.0;
G00 G80 Z100;
M05;
M09;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0; Y0.0;
M30;

The feed rate must be = Thread pitch x spindle RPM.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 48

G85 REAMING CYCLE
FORMAT: G98/G99 G85 X_Y_Z_R_F_;
Where,
X,Y: Hole position

Z: Hole Depth

R: Initial safe position

F: Feed rate

 After the final depth is reached the tool returns to the R point at the same
feed rate programmed.
 This cycle is ideal for reamed holes where rapid out will create scratches on
the finished holes.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 49

EXAMPLE:

O008;
N1; (Reaming)
G17 G21 G40 G49 G80;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M06 T01; (10 mm Reamer)
G0 G90 G54 X20.0 Y25.0 M03 S1000;
G43 H01 Z100 M08;
G00 Z5.0;
G99 G85 Z-14.0 R2.0 F250.0;
X75.0;
Y60.0;
X20.0;
G00 G80 Z100;
M05;
M09;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0; Y0.0;
M30;

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 50

G86 BORING CYCLE
FORMAT: G98/G99 G86 X_Y_Z_R_Q_P_F_;
Where,
X, Y: Hole position

Z: Hole Depth

R: Initial safe position

Q: Shift amount at bottom of hole

P: Dwell time at bottom of hole

F: Feed rate

 This cycle bores a hole after final depth is reached the tool returns to the R
point at rapid traverse.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 51

EXAMPLE:

O009;
N1; (Rough Boring)
G17 G21 G40 G49 G80;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M06 T01;
G0 G90 G54 X20.0 Y25.0 M03 S1000;
G43 H01 Z100 M08;
G00 Z5.0;
G99 G86 Z-14.0 R2.0 Q1.0 F250.0;
X75.0;
Y60.0;
X20.0;
G00 G80 Z100;
M05;
M09;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0; Y0.0;
M30;

There is no dwell required at the bottom since this is a through hole. P is

therefore omitted.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 52

G87 BACK BORING CYCLE
FORMAT: G98/G88 G87 X_Y_Z_R_Q_P_F_;
Where,
X, Y: Hole position

Z: Hole Depth

R: Initial Safe Position

Q: Lateral Shift

P: Dwell at bottom of hole, seconds x 1000

F: Feed rate

 This cycle is same as a boring cycle except that the boring is done from the
back side of the work piece.
 The tool retract is done by a shift amount Q

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 53

EXAMPLE :

O010;
N1; (Back Boring)
G17 G21 G40 G49 G80;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0 Y0.0;
M06 T01;
G0 G90 G54 X20.0 Y25.0 M03 S1000;
G43 H01 Z100 M08;
G00 Z5.0;
G98 G87 Z-10.0 R-14.0 Q2.0 P1000 F250.0;
X75.0;
Y60.0;
X20.0;
G00 G80 Z100;
M05;
M09;
G0 G91 G28 Z0.0;
G0 G91 G28 X0.0; Y0.0;
M30;

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 54

13. OPERATING SYSTEM AND MODE FUNCTION
EDIT MODE
Select edit mode by using the mode selector
Press the Program soft key
Make modification

INSERT
1. Move the cursor to the required area
2. Write the required character
3. Press insert key

ALTER
1. Move the cursor to the required alteration character
2. Write the correct character
3. Press Alter key

DELETE
1. Move the cursor to the required deleted character
2. Press delete key

DELETING METHOD
1. Single Character deleting`

 Move cursor to the required character

 Press delete key

2. Block delete data or up to data

 Move the cursor to the starting of required block or required character

 Write ; ( EOB )
 Press delete key

3. Data full program

 Write the program number

 Press delete key

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 55

SINGLE BLOCK
When the cycle start push button is pressed, the tool executes one
operation then stops. By the cycle start again, the tool executes the next operation
then stops. The Program is checked in this manner.

MEMORY OR AUTO
1. Check the cursor in required block or not
2. If the cursor is not incorrect position select edit mode and move the cursor to
the required block
3. Select memory or auto mode and check the rapid traverse and feed traverse
controller
4. Press cycle start key for run the program

MDI MANUAL DATA INPUT

1. Select MDI Mode by using mode selector
2. Press Program soft key
3. Input the data ( Ex : M06T01 )
4. Press output start key or cycle start key

HANDLE MODE
1. Select handle mode by using mode selector
2. Select the axis by using Axis selector
3. Select the movement value by using hand wheel controller
4. Rotate the hand wheel to the required direction (+) or (-)

JOG
1. Select the Jog mode by using mode selector
2. Select any axis by using axis selector
3. Select feed rate by using feed controller

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 56

RAPID
1. Check the tool condition and release the tool condition and release the tool by
using handle mode
2. Select the rapid mode by using mode selector
3. Select any one of the required axis
4. Select the percentage of rapid traverse by using the rapid controller
5. Press the direction key

ZRN (ZERO RETURN)

1. Check the tool condition and release the tool condition and release the tool by
using handle mode
2. Select the rapid mode by using mode selector
3. Select any one of the required axis
4. Select the percentage of rapid traverse by using the rapid controller
5. Press the direction key

DRY RUN
Remove the work piece, check only movement of the tool. Select the tool
movement rate using the dial on the operator’s panel.

MACHINE LOCK
When automatic running is placed in to the auxiliary function mode during the
machine lock mode, all auxiliary functions (spindle rotation, tool replacement,
coolant on/offset) are disabled.

OPTIONAL STOP
Cycle operation is stopped after a block containing M01 is executed .This code is
only effective when the optional stop switch on the machine control panel has
been pressed.

CURSOR MOVE METHOD

1. Directly use the cursor key
2.Input the require key and press the cursor up key according to the requirement

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 57

14. EXPLANATION OF THE KEYBOARD

No Name Explanation

1 Reset Press this key to reset the CNC to cancel all alarm
RESET etc…

2 Help Key Press this Button to use the help function when
uncertain about the operation of an MDI key
HELP (Help function).

3 Soft Key The Soft keys have various functions, according to

the applications .The soft key functions are displayed
at the bottom.

4 Address and Numeric Press these keys to input alphabetic, numeric, and
Keys other characters.
N
Q

5 Shift key Some keys have two characters on their key top.
Pressing the <shift>key switches the characters.
Special character E is displayed on the screen when
SHIFT a character indicated at the bottom right corner on
the key top can be entered.

6 Input Key When an address or a numerical key is presses , the

data is input to the buffer , and it is displayed on the
Screen. To copy the data in the key in put buffer to
The offset register, etc…press the input key. This
INPUT key is equivalent to the [INPUT] key of the soft
keys, and either can be pressed to produce the
same result.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 58

7 Cancel Key Press this key to delete the last character or symbol
input to the key input buffer. When the key input
Buffer displays >N001 X 100Z_
CAN And the cancel can key is pressed, Z is cancelled
and <N001 X 100_ is displayed.

8 Program edit keys Press these keys when editing the program.

ALTER
ALTER : Alteration
INSERT INSERT : Insertion
DELETE : Delete
DELETE

9 Function keys Press these keys to switch display screens for each
function note the diagram for details of the function
POS PROG keys.

10 Cursor move keys There are 4 different cursor move keys

This key is used to move the cursor to the right or
in the forward direction. The cursor to the right or
in the forward direction. The cursor is moved in
short units in the forward direction.
This key is used to move the cursor to the left or
in the reverse correction. The cursor is moved in
short units in the reverse direction.
This key is used to move the cursor in a
downward or forward direction. The cursor is
moved is large units in the forward direction.
This key is used to move the cursor in an upward
or reverse direction.
The cursor is moved in large units in the reverse
direction.

11 Page change keys Two kinds of page change keys are described below

This key is used to change over the page on the

screen in the forward direction.
The key is used to change over the page on the
screen in the reverse direction.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 59

15. FUNCTION KEYS AND SOFT KEYS

1. Press a function key on the MDI panel. The chapter

selection soft keys that belongs to the selected function
POS PROG OFFSET appear.

SYSTEM MESSAGE GRAPH 2. Press one of the chapter selection soft keys. The
screen for the selected chapter appears. If one soft key
for a target chapter is not displayed , press the
continuous menu key ( next –menu key )
In some cases, additional chapters can be selected with
in a chapter.

3. When the target chapter screen is displayed .Press

the operation selection key to display data to be
manipulated.

4. To redisplay the chapter selection soft keys, press the

return menu key.
The general screen display procedure is explained
above .However, the actual display procedure various
from one screen to another. For details, see the
description of individual operations.

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 60

FUNCTION KEYS
Function Keys are provided to select the type of screen to be displayed .The
following function keys are provided on the MDI Panel.

POS Press this key to display the position screen.

PROG Press this key to display the program screen.

OFFSET Press this key to display the offset/setting screen.

SETTING

SYSTEM Press this key to display the system screen.

MESSAGE Press this key to display the message screen.

CUSTOM Press this key to display the graphics screen.

GRAPH

Press this key to display the custom screen (Conversation

Macro screen)

BRIGHT CNC TRAINING CENTRE - 9940303612 Page 61