ACIDS BASES AND SALTS

1) With the help of an example explain what happens when a base reacts with a non- metallic oxide. What do
you infer about the nature of non-metal oxide?
2) What is observed when carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water
(i) for a short duration?
(ii) for a long duration? Also write the chemical equations for the reactions involved.
3) 2 mL of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a few pieces of granulated zinc metal taken in a test tube.
When the content are warmed, a gas evolves which is bubbled through a soap solution before testing. Write
the equation of the chemical reaction involved and the test to detect the gas. Name the gas which will be
evolved when the same metal reacts with dilute solution of a strong acid.
4) To. a solution of sodium hydroxide in a test tube, two drops of phenolphthalein are added.
(i) State the colour change observed.
(ii) If dil HCl is added dropwise to the solution, what will be the colour change?
(iii) On adding few drops of NaOH solution to the above mixture the colour of the solution reappears. Why?
5) A cloth’strip dipped in onion juice is used for testing a liquid ‘X. The liquid ‘X changes its
odour. Which type of an indicator is onion juice? The liquid ‘X turns blue litmus red. List the observations the
liquid ‘X will show on reacting with the following :
(a) Zinc granules (b) Solid sodium carbonate
Write the chemical equations for the reactions involved.
6) (a) Write the chemical name and formula of marble.
(b) It has been found that marbles of Taj are getting corroded due to development of industrial areas around
it. Explain this fact giving a chemical equation.
(c) (i) What happens when CO2 is passed through lime water?
(ii) What happens when CO2 is passed in excess through lime?
7) On diluting an acid, it is advised to add acid to water and not water to acid. Explain why it is so advised?
(a)Draw a labelled diagram to show the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas in laboratory.
(ii) Test the gas evolved first with dry and then with wet litmus paper. In which of the two cases, does the
litmus paper show change in colour?
(iii) State the reason of exhibiting acidic character by dry HCl gas/HCl solution.
8) (i) Draw a labelled diagram to show the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas in laboratory.
(ii) Test the gas evolved first with dry and then with wet litmus paper. In which of the two cases, does the
litmus paper show change in colour?
(iii) State the reason of exhibiting acidic character by dry HCl gas/HCl solution.
9) Complete and balance the following chemical equations :
(i) NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) →
(ii) CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) →
(iii) HCl(aq) + H2O(l) →
10) How the following substances will dissociate to produce ions in their solutions?
(i) Hydrochloric acid (ii) Nitric acid (iii) Sulphuric acid (iv) Sodium hydroxide
(v) Potassium hydroxide (vi) Magnesium hydroxide
11) Sugandha prepares HCl gas in her school laboratory using certain chemicals. She puts both dry and wet blue
litmus papers in contact with the gas.
(i) Name the reagents used by Sugandha to prepare HCl gas.
(ii) State the colour changes observed with the dry and wet blue litmus papers.
(iii) Show the formation of ions when HCl gas combines with water.
12) (a) Illustrate an activity to investigate whether all compounds containing hydrogen are acidic.
(b) What happens when hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are dissolved in water. Explain by giving
equation of each.
13) An aqueous solution ‘A’ turns phenolphthalein solution pink. On addition of an aqueous solution ‘B’ to ‘A’
the pink colour disappears. The following statement is true for solution ‘A’ and ‘B’:
 (a) A is strongly basic and B is a weak base. (b) A is strongly acidic and B is a weak acid.
(c) A has pH greater than 7 and B has pH less than 7. (d) A has pH less than 7 and B has pH greater than 7.

14) Out of HCl and CH3COOH, which one is a weak acid and why? Explain with the help of an example.
15) Explain how an antacid works
16) (a) Three acidic solutions A, B and C have pH = 0, 3 and 5 respectively.
(i) Which solution has highest concentration of H+ ions?
(ii) Which solution has the lowest concentration of H+ ions?
(b) How concentrated sulphuric acid can be diluted? Describe the process.
17) A compound P forms the enamel of teeth. It is the hardest substance of the body. It doesn’t dissolve in water
but gets corroded when the pH is lowered below 5.5.
(a) Identify the compound P.
(b) How does it undergo damage due to eating chocolate and sweets? What should we do to prevent tooth
decay?
18) Baking soda is a mixture of
(a) sodium carbonate and acetic acid (b) sodium carbonate and tartaric acid
(c) sodium hydrogen carbonate and tartaric acid (d) sodium hydrogen carbonate and acetic acid.
19) “Sodium hydrogen carbonate is a basic salt”. Justify this statement. How is it converted into washing soda?
20) Write the chemical formula of Bleaching powder. How is bleaching powder prepared? For what purpose is it
used in drinking water?
21) List the important products of the Chlor-alkali process. Write one important use of each.
22) How is washing soda prepared from sodium carbonate? Give its chemical equation. State the type of this
salt. Name the type of hardness of water which can be removed by it?
23) Give reasons for the following:
(i) Only one half of water molecule is shown in the formula of plaster of Paris.
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used as an antacid.
(iii) On strong heating, blue coloured copper sulphate crystals turn white.
24) During electrolysis of brine, a gas ‘G’ is liberated at anode. When this gas ‘G’ is passed through slaked lime, a
compound ‘C’ is formed, which is used for disinfecting drinking water.
(i) Write formula of ‘G’ and ‘C’.
(ii) State the chemical equations involved.
(iii) What is common name of compound ‘C’ ? Give its chemical name.
25) Identify the acid and the base from which sodium chloride is obtained. Which type of salt is it? When is it
called rock salt? How is rock salt formed?
26) A white powder is added while baking cakes to make it soft and spongy. Name its main ingredients. Explain
the function of each ingredient. Write the chemical reaction taking place when the powder is heated during
baking.
27) The pH of a salt used to make tasty and crispy pakoras is 14. Identify the salt and write a chemical equation
for its formation. List its two uses.
28) Write one point of difference between each of the following:
(i) A hydrated salt and an anhydrous salt. (ii) Washing soda and soda ash.(iii) Baking soda and baking powder
29) A white coloured powder is used by doctors for supporting fractured bones.
(a) Write chemical name and formula of the powder.
(b) When this white powder is mixed with water a hard solid mass is obtained. Write balanced chemical
equation for this change.
30) (a) Define an acid-base indicator. Mention one synthetic acid-base indicator.
(b) If someone in the family is suffering from a problem of acidity after overeating, which of the following
substances would you suggest as a remedy?
Lemon juice, vinegar or baking soda solution. Mention the property on the basis of which you will choose the
remedy.
31) Define water of crystallisation. Give the chemical formula for two compounds as examples. How can it be
proved that the water of crystallisation makes a difference in the state and colour of the compounds?
32) (a) A student dropped a few pieces of marble in dilute hydrochloric acid contained in a test tube. The
evolved gas was passed through lime water. What change would be observed in lime water? Write balanced
chemical equations for both the changes observed.
(b) State the chemical property in each case on which the following uses of baking soda are based:
(i) as an antacid
(ii) as a constituent of baking powder.

33) (a) Write the chemical formula of hydrated copper sulphate and anhydrous copper sulphate. Giving an
activity illustrate how these two are interconvertible.
(b) Write chemical names and formulae of plaster of Paris and gypsum.

34) What is water of crystallization? Write the common name and chemical formula of a commercially important
compound which has ten water molecules as water of crystallization. How is this compound obtained? Write
the chemical equation also. List any two uses of this compound.
35) (a) You have three solutions – A, B and C having a pH of 6, 2 and 9 respectively. Arrange these solutions in
increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration. Which of the three is most acidic? What happens to the
hydrogen ion concentration in A as it is diluted?
(b) If someone is suffering from a stomach problem called acidity, why is a solution of baking soda offered as
a remedy?
(c) Write chemical name and formula of baking soda.

36) Dry ammonia has no action on litmus paper but a solution of ammonia in water turns red litmus paper blue.
Why is it so?
37) Bleaching powder forms a milky solution in water. Explain.
38) Classify the following into acidic oxides anc basic oxides : Na2O, SO2, MgO, CO2
39) What is the change in pH values of milk when it changes into curd? Explain.
40) What is cause of decay of tooth? What is the pH of mouth required.
41) A white powder is added while baking breads and cakes to make them soft and fluffy. What is the name of
the powder? What are the main ingredients in it? What are the functions of each ingredient?
42) (a) What is the action of litmus on:
(i) dry ammonia gas (ii) solution of ammonia gas in water
(b) State the observations you would make on adding sodium hydroxide to aqueous solution of
(i) ferrous sulphate (ii) aluminium chloride. Give balanced chemical equations.

43) (i) Explain why is hydrochloric acid a strong acid and acetic acid, a weak acid. How can it be verified?
(ii) Explain why aqueous solution of an acid conducts electricity.
(iii) You have four solutions A, B, C and D. The pH of solution A is 6, B is 9, C is 12 and D is 7.
(a) Identify the most acidic and most basic solutions.
(b) Arrange the above four solutions in the increasing order of H+ ion concentration.
(c) State the change in colour of pH paper on dipping in solution C and D.

44) Give suitable reasons for the following statements:

(i) Rain water conducts electricity but distilled water does not.
(ii) We feel burning sensation in the stomach when we over eat.
(iii) A tarnished copper vessel regains its shine when rubbed with lemon.
(iv) The crystals of washing soda change to white powder on exposure to air.
(v) An aqueous solution of sodium chloride is neutral but an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate is basic.

45) What happens when a solution of an acid is mixed with a solution of a base in a test tube?
(i) The temperature of the solution increases (ii) The temperature of the solution decreases
(iii) The temperature of the solution remains the same (iv) Salt formation takes place
(a) (i) only (b) (i) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (iv

46) An aqueous solution turns red litmus solution blue. Excess addition of which of the following solution would
reverse the change?
(a) Baking powder (b) Lime (c) Ammonium hydroxide solution (d) Hydrochloric acid

47) During the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas on a humid day, the gas is usually passed through the guard
tube containing calcium chloride. The role of calcium chloride taken in the guard tube is to
(a) absorb the evolved gas
(b) moisten the gas
(c) absorb moisture from the gas
(d) absorb Cl– ions from the evolved gas

48) Which of the following salts does not contain water of crystallisation?
(a) Blue vitriol
(b) Baking soda
(c) Washing soda
(d) Gypsum

49) Sodium carbonate is a basic salt because it is a salt of

(a) strong acid and strong base
(b) weak acid and weak base
(c) strong acid and weak base
(d) weak acid and strong base

50) Calcium phosphate is present in tooth enamel. Its nature is

(a) basic
(b) acidic
(c) neutral
(d) amphoteric

51) A sample of soil is mixed with water and allowed to settle. The clear supernatant solution turns the pH paper
yellowish-orange. Which of the following would change the colour of this pH paper to greenish-blue?
(a) Lemon juice
(b) Vinegar
(c) Common salt
(d) An antacid

52) Which of the following gives the correct increasing order of acidic strength?
(a) Water < Acetic acid < Hydrochloric acid
(b) Water < Hydrochloric acid < Acetic acid
(c) Acetic acid < Water < Hydrochloric acid
(d) Hydrochloric acid < Water < Acetic acid

53) If a few drops of a concentrated acid accidentally spills over the hand of a student, what should be done?
(a) Wash the hand with saline solution
(b) Wash the hand immediately with plenty of water and apply a paste of sodium hydrogencarbonate
(c) After washing with plenty of water apply solution of sodium hydroxide on the hand
(d) Neutralise the acid with a strong alkali

54) Sodium hydrogencarbonate when added to acetic acid evolves a gas. Which of the following statements are
true about the gas evolved?
(i) It turns lime water milky
(ii) It extinguishes a burning splinter
(iii) It dissolves in a solution of sodium hydroxide
(iv) It has a pungent odour
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)

55) Common salt besides being used in kitchen can also be used as the raw material for making
(i) washing soda (ii) bleaching powder (iii) baking soda (iv) slaked lime
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv)

56) One of the constituents of baking powder is sodium hydrogencarbonate, the other constituent is
(a) hydrochloric acid
(b) tartaric acid
(c) acetic acid
(d) sulphuric acid

57) Which of the following statements is correct about an aqueous solution of an acid and of a base?
(i) Higher the pH, stronger the acid
(ii) Higher the pH, weaker the acid
(iii) Lower the pH, stronger the base
(iv) Lower the pH, weaker the base
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv)

58) Which of the following phenomena occur, when a small amount of acid is added to water?
(i) Ionisation
(ii) Neutralisation
(iii) Dilution
(iv) Salt formation
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iv)

59) In an attempt to demonstrate electrical conductivity through an electrolyte, the following apparatus (Figure
2.1) was set up.
Which among the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
(i) Bulb will not glow because electrolyte is not acidic
(ii) Bulb will glow because NaOH is a strong base and furnishes ions for conduction.
(iii) Bulb will not glow because circuit is incomplete
(iv) Bulb will not glow because it depends upon the type of electrolytic solution
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) only
(d) (iv) only

60) Which of the following is used for dissolution of gold?

(a) Hydrochloric acid
(b) Sulphuric acid
(c) Nitric acid
(d) Aqua regia

61) Which of the following statements is not correct?

(a) All metal carbonates react with acid to give a salt, water and carbon dioxide
(b) All metal oxides react with water to give salt and acid
(c) Some metals react with acids to give salt and hydrogen
(d) Some non metal oxides react with water to form an acid