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Altair SimSolid, v2023

ALTAIR SIMSOLID V2023

ADVANCED STRUCTURAL & DYNAMIC ANALYSES

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Altair SimSolid - Agenda

Training Sessions

Advanced
Structural Thermal
GUI, Structural
& &
Geometry & &
Modal Fatigue
Connections Dynamic
Analyses Analyses
Analyses

Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Session 4

Part 1 Basic Part 2 Advanced

• Sequential Analysis
• Structural Non-
Linear Analysis
• Global-Local
Analysis
• Dynamic Analysis
• Exercises 3A-3F
• Q&A

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Session 3 - Advanced Structural & Dynamic Analyses

Structural
Sequential Global-Local Dynamic
Non-Linear
Analysis Analysis Analysis
Analysis
00‘ 50‘ 110‘ 120‘ 180‘

3A 3D 3E 3F

3B

3C

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Advanced License
Active Advanced License

• Activate SimSolid Advanced to

unlock additional solution types
compared to SimSolid Standard.

• Select Settings > License.

• Set the product edition to Advanced

from the drop-down menu.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Session 3 - Advanced Structural & Dynamic Analyses

Structural
Sequential Global-Local Dynamic
Non-Linear
Analysis Analysis Analysis
Analysis
00‘ 50‘ 110‘ 120‘ 180‘

3A 3D 3E 3F

3B

3C

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Structural Sequential Analysis

Overview

Sequential analysis is any type of structural analysis performed on a

structure under prior loading (also termed preloading or prestressing).
• The response of a structure is affected by its initial state, which is affected by the
preloading/prestressing applied prior to the analysis of interest.

• Examples of sequential analysis include analysis of rotorcraft blades under

centrifugal preloading, pillar-like structures under compressive preloading, preload
arising from the pretensioning of bolts on a structure and so on.

• Use SimSolid to account for such preloading or prestressing effects.

• You can add or remove loads from sequential analyses to simulate additional
loading or unloading, respectively.

• Contact non-linearity is supported for this type of analysis.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Structural Sequential Analysis

Equation

Sequential analysis is any type of structural analysis performed on a structure under prior loading
(also termed preloading or prestressing).

• When the prestressing subcase is linear static, the prestressed stiffness matrix is given by: 𝑲𝑲 = 𝑲𝑲 + 𝑲𝑲σ

• Where,

• 𝑲𝑲 = Prestressed stiffness matrix

• K = Original stiffness matrix

• 𝑲𝑲σ = Geometric stiffness matrix that defines the prestressing.

This is based on the stresses of the preloading static subcase.

• When the prestressing loadcase is a non-linear static subcase, the prestressed stiffness matrix 𝐾𝐾 includes the
geometric stiffness matrix 𝐾𝐾σ , and also accounts for the changes of K due to the converged contact status carried
over from the prestressing loadcase to the prestressed loadcase.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Structural Sequential Analysis

Example

Nut Tightening with sequential addition of a linear force and then

release of the force:
• Structural 1 – Preload
• Immovable 1
• Nut tightening 1

• Structural 2, Linked to Structural 1 – Loading

• Immovable 1
• Nut tightening 1
• Force 1 – 20 N

• Structural 3, Linked to Structural 2 – Unloading

• Immovable
• Nut tightening
• Force 1 deleted. Editing Force 1 to be 0 N has the same affect.
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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3A - Structural Sequential Analysis on a Grapple

File Name and Location

..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3A\grapple-v1.ssp

Exercise Goals
1. Open the model, create connections

2. Apply material property

3. Set and run Structural Linear Analysis

4. Set and run Structural Sequential Analysis

5. Analyze results and create bookmarks

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3A - Structural Sequential Analysis on a Grapple

Step 1: Open the model, create connections

a) Open the model > ..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3A\grapple-v1.ssp
b) Click on Connections in Project Tree.
c) Click on Automatic connections icon.
d) Use a 1mm tolerance for gaps and penetration.
e) Finally, check that all is OK by clicking on Find and show disconnected groups of parts icon.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3A - Structural Sequential Analysis on a Grapple

Step 2: Apply material property

a) Click on Assembly in Project Tree.
b) Select Apply material.
c) Choose Steel from Material Database
and then click on Apply to all parts.
d) Click Close

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3A - Structural Sequential Analysis on a Grapple

Step 3: Set and run Structural Linear Analysis

a) Create a new Structural linear analysis (Structural 1).
b) Create Immovable supports as shown in the picture on
the left.
c) Create Bolt/nut tightening as shown in the picture on the
right. Set a pitch of 1.2, a torque of 100 N*m and a friction
coefficient of 0.1.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3A - Structural Sequential Analysis on a Grapple

Step 4: Set and run Structural Sequential Analysis

a) Create a new Structural sequential analysis (Structural 2 ,
Linked to Structural 1).
b) In the Structural sequential setup dialog, ensure Structural 1
is selected and click OK.
c) Create -1000 N load in X direction as shown in the picture.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3A - Structural Sequential Analysis on a Grapple

Step 4: Set and run Structural Sequential Analysis

d) Click on Design study 1, BASELINE in Project tree.
e) Make sure that your Project tree appears similar to the one in the picture.
f) Click on Run all analyses.

Note: Before
running the analysis
check the Default
solution settings,
select Adaptation
to Global+local

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3A - Structural Sequential Analysis on a Grapple

Step 5: Analyze results and create bookmarks

a) Click on Result of Structural 1 in Project tree.
b) Click on to select Displacement Magnitude
result type.
c) From the Legend window, click on to show the
deformed shape.
d) Click on to visualize the min/max value of
displacement and its position in your model.
e) Click on to animate your model.
f) Click on to create a bookmark.
g) Repeat previous steps to Von Mises Stress results.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3A - Structural Sequential Analysis on a Grapple

Step 5: Analyze results and create bookmarks

h) Click on Result of Structural 2 in Project tree.
i) Click on to select Von Mises Stress result type.
j) From the Legend window, click on to show the
deformed shape.
k) Click on to visualize the min/max value of
displacement and its position in your model.
l) Click on to animate your model.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3A - Structural Sequential Analysis on a Grapple

Step 5: Analyze results and create bookmarks

m)Close the Legend window.
n) By holding , select the two components of the left arm of the grapple as shown in the
picture on the left (in orange).
o) While you are still pressing , > Hide > Unselected part(s).
p) Repeat Step 5i to plot the Von Mises Stress result of those components.
q) Click on to create a bookmark.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Modal Prestressed Analysis

Overview

Prestressed loadcases can be either linear or non-linear. All non-linearity types are supported.
• Depending on preloading conditions, the resulting effect could be a weakened or stiffened structure.

• If the preloading is compressive, it typically has a weakening effect on the structure

(for example, column or pillar under compressive preloading).

• If the preloading is tensile, it typically has a stiffening effect

(for example, rotorcraft blade under centrifugal preloading).

• Prestressed eigenvalue analysis is governed by: 𝐾𝐾 + 𝜆𝜆𝑀𝑀 𝐴𝐴 = 0

• Where,
• 𝐾𝐾 = Prestress stiffness matrix
• M = Mass matrix
• A = Eigenvector
• λ = Eigenvalues

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3B - Modal Prestress

File Name and Location

..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3B\Crankshaft_Prestress.ssp

Exercise Goals
1. Open the Model and Create a Modal Analysis

2. Create a Structural Linear Analysis (Prestress)

3. Create a Modal Prestressed Analysis

4. Change the Solution Settings to global + local

5. Run the Analyses

6. Compare Results

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3B - Modal Prestress

Step 1: Open the Model and Create a

Modal Analysis
a) Open the model > ..\03-
Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3B\Cra
nkshaft_Prestress.ssp

b) Click on Modal Analysis > Modal

c) Insert 9 as Number of modes to find.

d) Click on to create an Immovable

support.

e) Select the six holes as shown in the

picture. Click OK

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3B - Modal Prestress

Step 1: Open the Model and Create a Modal Analysis

f) Click on to create a Hinge support.

g) Select the face shown in the picture. Click Apply

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3B - Modal Prestress

Step 2: Create a Structural Linear Analysis

(Prestress)
a) Create a new Structural linear analysis.
b) on Immovable 1 under Modal 1 and select Copy to >
Structural 1.
c) Repeat for Hinge 1.
d) Click on Structural 1 and select > Rotational
Inertia.
e) In the dialog, click the radio button Select a cylinder and
pick the cylinder the Hinge 1 is applied to.
f) For Angular velocity, change the units to RPM and enter
5000.
g) For Angular acceleration, enter 50 rad/sec2.
h) Press OK.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3B - Modal Prestress

Step 3: Create a Modal Prestressed Analysis

a) Click on Modal Analysis > Modal Prestressed

b) In the popup Modal prestress setup window, select Structural 1

and specify the number of modes as 9.

c) The new analysis (Modal 2, linked to Structural 1) appears in the

Project Tree under Design study 1.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3B - Modal Prestress

Step 4: Change the Solution settings to

global+ local
a) In the Analysis branch of the project tree, on
Solution settings

b) In the Solution settings dialog, for Adaption select

Global + Local in the drop-down menu

c) Click OK

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3B - Modal Prestress

Step 5: Run the Analyses

a) At this point, the Project tree should look like the picture on the right.

b) Click Design study 1 and run all the analyses

c) In the Solve manager, ensure all three analyses are checked on and
select Solve.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3B - Modal Prestress

Step 6: Compare Results

a) Review the results from Modal 1 and 2.

Modal 1 Modal 2

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Linear Buckling Analysis

Overview

Create and solve linear buckling problems in structural analysis.

• First apply a reference level of loading, fref, to the structure.

• Then, perform linear static analysis to obtain the stresses needed to form the
geometric stiffness matrix, K, corresponding to fref.

• Calculate buckling loads, SimSolid will solve an eigenvalue problem.

• The lowest eigenvalue λcrit is associated with buckling. The critical, or buckling,
load is calculated as:
𝑓𝑓𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = λ𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Main Concepts - Summary

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3C - Linear Buckling Analysis

File Name and Location

..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3C\I_beam_buckling.ssp

Exercise Goals
1. Open the Model and Create a Structural Linear Analysis

2. Setup a Buckling Linear Analysis

3. Review the Results

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3C - Linear Buckling Analysis

Step 1: Open the Model and Create a Structural Linear Analysis

a) Open the model > ..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3C\I_beam_buckling.ssp

b) Click on Structural Analysis > Structural linear

c) Constrain one side of the I beam, for instance the one on the -Z side.
Use Add tangent faces to select all the faces in one click.

d) Apply a force of -100 N in Z axis on the other side.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3C - Linear Buckling Analysis

Step 2: Setup a Buckling Linear Analysis

a) Click on Structural Analysis > Buckling linear

b) Link this analysis with the structural linear and use 6 modes.

c) In the Analysis branch of the project tree, on Solution settings > Adaption select
Global + Local in the drop-down menu, Click OK

d) Run both analyses.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3C - Linear Buckling Analysis

Step 3: Review the Results

a) Plot the displacements of both analyses. Mode 1 is here shown.

Buckling
Structural Mode 1

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Session 3 - Advanced Structural & Dynamic Analyses

Structural
Sequential Global-Local Dynamic
Non-Linear
Analysis Analysis Analysis
Analysis
00‘ 50‘ 110‘ 120‘ 180‘

3A 3D 3E 3F

3B

3C

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Introduction to Non-Linearity in Structural Mechanics

Overview

• When does a problem become non-linear?

• Non-linearity is defined by the inability of linear relationships to accurately model behavior.

• Do all physical structures exhibit non-linear behavior?

• The response of most structures changes in stiffness as the structure deforms.

• Often, the response of the structure can be approximated using linear behavior if its displacements are small.

• What are the three most common types of structural non-linearity?

• Boundary/Contact.

• Material.

• Geometric.
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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Introduction to Non-Linearity in Structural Mechanics

Material non-linearity

• Material non-linearity is used to model dependence of stress state on the existing strain state
• Different types include:
• Plasticity beyond yield
• Non-linear elasticity (Hyper-elastic, Viscoelastic etc.) - SimSolid does not simulate this.
• Cracking, Necking, etc. - SimSolid does not simulate this.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Introduction to Non-Linearity in Structural Mechanics

Geometric non-linearity

• Geometric non-linearity accounts for the current (unknown) volume of the structure:
• Update of stiffness as the structure deforms.
• Characterized by:
• Large displacement and large deformation.
• Large rotation.
• Buckling, bifurcation and collapse of the structure.

• Boundary non-linearity stems from changes in a load or constraint in response to deformation or

displacement in the structure:
• Contact problems.
• Follower forces (e.g., pressure load).

Note: SimSolid now supports support linear buckling.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linearity Problems in Structural Mechanics

• Features of non-linear problems include:

1. Non-uniqueness

• For an applied load P there may be no solution, one solution, or many displacement solutions u.

2. Non-scalable

• If an applied load P causes displacement u, then an applied load x times P may not cause displacement x times u.

3. No superposition

• If an applied load P causes displacement u and load F causes displacement d, then P+F may not cause displacement u+d.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linearity Solutions in Structural Mechanics

• Non-linear solutions may exhibit history-dependent behavior, depending on the type of problem:

• Consider the snap through behavior of a shallow curved plate for an applied load P at the middle.

• In a non-linear analysis, the unique solution of u at any point depends upon the load history of P up to that point.

P
P

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Systems of Equations and Non-linearity

Implicit and Explicit Techniques

• Two distinct approaches are used to solve the non-linear system of equations:

• Implicit technique • Explicit technique (SimSolid does not support this)

• Solves for the global set of equations • Solves for dynamic equilibrium
(global stiffness matrix)
assembled from element stiffness matrices • State at the end of an increment depends on state at the
beginning of that increment
• Requires an incremental and iterative procedure
• Conditionally stable such that:
• Solves for discrete static equilibrium points
• Stability of the system depends on incrementing the
• Unconditionally stable (discussed later) load in a fraction of time less than the highest possible
mode shape

• In other words, load is incremented with a fraction of

time less than wave speed of the material

• Not discussed further in this class

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

Contact Material Geometric

Total run time = 19 sec Total run time = 29 sec Total run time = 5 sec
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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

Separating/closing contact with friction

• Separating/closing contact with friction is

a mechanical phenomenon which is
traditionally difficult to simulate,
especially when the friction is “dry” friction
and either full separation or full sliding in the
contact may occur for a given loading.
Activate
• Dry friction is characterized by sticking-sliding
condition when sliding friction force is close to
the maximum force that can be realized in the
contact.
• After sliding started, the sliding friction force
remains almost constant, it does not depend
on velocity/displacement.
• This makes so called “elastic friction” models
which are commonly used in traditional FEA not Define
well suitable for simulation.
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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

Separating Contact - Non-Linear contact with friction

• SimSolid has a wide variety of methods

to connect parts in an assembly.

• Different contact conditions types are

available for each connection - bonded,
sliding, disabled, separating-closing
or separating contact with friction.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

SimSolid separating contact model

• Let us consider two solid bars in contact, one on the top of the other.
1. Each bar’s dimensions are 10 by 1 by 1 m (L x W x H).

2. The lower bar is fixed on the bottom surface and separating contact is set between the bars with a friction
coefficient of 0.15. Four load cases are considered. In all load cases, the upper bar is loaded with uniformly
distributed total load 2 N. Loads at the right end of the upper bar are different for the load cases.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

SimSolid separating contact model

• Load case 1, complete separation

3. Total lifting load of 1 N is applied at the end of the upper bar.
In this load case, the bar can be in the equilibrium state only if total separation of
contact happened and upper bar contact lower bar in a very narrow hinge-like area at
the bar’s corners.

4. The contact is fully released, the bar is rotating around the “hinge”, stress is distributed
as if the bar is on two supports and the reaction at the hinge is 1 N.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

SimSolid separating contact model

• Load case 2, partial separation

5. In the second load case, the lifting load is reduced to 0.9 N.
This provides partial contact separation.
SimSolid results indicate the non-separation zone and a clear separation area.

6. The reaction force in the contact is a vertical 1.1 N which is the exact value.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

SimSolid separating contact model

• Load case 3, full horizontal slippage

7. Next consider a total shifting horizontal force of 0.31 N applied to the end of the upper bar.
Maximum friction force is given as:

Fmax = (friction coefficient)*(Compressive load) = 0.15*2 = 0.3 N

8. Therefore, this a border equilibrium state of the active shifting force being just larger than the maximum friction
force. Here the expected result is for the bar to start sliding. One can see the upper bar compresses along the
contact area and the left end begins to slip.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

SimSolid separating contact model

• Load case 4, partial horizontal slippage

9. Finally, the total shifting force is reduced to 0.29 N.
This is below the maximum friction force limit.

10.Now, one can see that there is no slip in the left side and compression along the length of the upper bar.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

Material - Material non-linear
Activate
• Non-linear structural effects are specified in Select NL
Structural settings dialog. Material

• At least one model material property must contain

a non-linear stress vs strain curve.

• For any analysis that exceed the elastic limit,

SimSolid will provide three outputs for each result Stress vs strain curve
quantity (more details in next slides):
• Elasto-plastic, full load: the results at full load
assuming a non-linear stress- strain curve is used.
• Elastic, full load: the results at full load assuming a
linear (straight) stress-strain curve is used.
• After unloading: the residual results after loading
have been removed.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

Material - Material non-linear

• In material non-linear analysis, the stress-strain

relationship is given by a curve instead of a single value
of the elasticity modulus.

• This defines what happens once the load exceeds the elastic
region limit.

• In SimSolid, Henki-Nagai deformational plasticity theory is

used when simulating structures loaded beyond yielding.
Isotropic hardening is assumed and unloading results in residual
stresses and strains.
This model is well suited to ductile materials such as mild steels.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

Material - How to do a material non-linear analysis in SimSolid

• All that is required is a material definition that includes a complete stress-strain curve.
• Open the Material Database and look for materials with an associated stress-vs-strain curve.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

Material - Results evaluation

• Once the analysis is complete, you can display result plots the usual way, but with one substantial
difference:
• Elastic-plastic response under full load - Defines the structural response after all non-linear iterations are
complete. See Point #1 on the stress-strain graph below.
• Elastic under full load - Defines the response as if the material was linear at the elastic load limit (Point #2).
• After unloading - Defines the residual stresses, strains and deformations once all loads have been removed
(Point #3).

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

Material - How to create custom non-linear material properties

• Custom material properties can be created in SimSolid.

• To do this, select the Material database item from the
main Settings menu.
• Then, to select a material group and pick Add material.
• To create a new stress-strain curve, pick the Add stress-strain
curve button in the right part of the dialog.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

Material - How to create custom non-linear material properties

• Stress-strain curves can be created in different ways.

• Individual rows of strain and stress point values can be added one at a time. Select the Add row button, then enter
the appropriate engineering strain and stress value. At a minimum, 3 points are required.

• Here are two typical stress-strain curves. The first defines an elastic-perfectly plastic material, the second
an elastic-plastic material with linear hardening.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid

Material - How to create custom non-linear material properties

• Stress-strain curves can also be read from an external comma separated variable (CSV) files.
The format of the file has a header of “strain,stress” and corresponding row of values.
Here is an example of one typical file’s contents.
• Strain, stress
• 0,0
• 0.005,5.30e8
• 0.4,5.83e8

• Curves can be created using a K-n power law function. To do this select the Create by n-value button, then
specify K and n. Some sample K-n values for typical materials are given in the pull-down menu.

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Note: The curves need to have both elastic and plastic portions to work properly in SimSolid.
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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Non-Linear Analysis on SimSolid Activate

Geometric non-linear

• In geometric non-linear analysis, changes in

geometry as the structure deforms are taken into
account when iteratively solving the strain-
displacement and equilibrium equations.
• Follower loads can be optionally defined.
• Typical applications include slender structures, sheet metal
and stability analysis of all types.
• Results are processed in the usual manner.
Select here to activate
• One additional consideration for geometric non-linear follower load
analyses is to examine deformations in true scale.
To do this, show a deformed shape plot in the normal
manner, then select the Change max deformation button.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Combination Support

• Non-linear structural effects are specified in Structural analysis settings dialog.

• It is possible to combine two different non-linear structural effects:

• Separating/closing contact with Material non-linear.

• Material non-linear with Geometric non-linear.

• It is NOT possible to combine Geometric non-linear with Separating/closing contact.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Workflow Roadmap

1. Run linear static analysis

• Identify local deformations, thin curved solids, parts of interest for stresses

2. Create local groups for identified parts and organize them based on part scale
• Apply relevant solution settings (refinement level, adapt to features, adapt to thin solids)

3. Increase contact resolution

• Applicable only for interfaces where stresses are important

4. Increase the number of adaptive solutions to 4-5-6

• Until convergence is achieved

5. Perform non-linear analysis after achieving accurate linear solution

Note: It is recommended not to use more than 6 adaptive passes as it can create noise around the connections.
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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Main Concepts - Summary

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Questions & Answers

1. Does SimSolid support non-linear contacts?

• Yes, SimSolid does support non-linear contacts that can
open and close. It currently only supports small sliding;
large sliding is not yet supported.

2. Does SimSolid support material plasticity?

• Yes, SimSolid uses deformable theory of plasticity to
evaluate small strain plasticity in materials.
You can define an elast0plastic behavior using stress-
strain curve or K-n power law function.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3D - Structural Non-Linear Analysis

File Name and Location

..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3D\Hanger_beam.ssp

Exercise Goals

1. Open project file

2. Set Structural non-linear Analysis

3. Change the Solution Settings to

Global + local

4. Run analyses and compare results

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3D - Structural Non-Linear Analysis

Step 1: Open project file

a) Open project file > ..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3D\Hanger_beam.ssp > Open.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3D - Structural Non-Linear Analysis

Step 2: Set Structural non-linear Analysis

a) Copy Structural 1 to Structural 2.
b) To make non-linear this new analysis, on Setup and flag Separating contact.
c) In the graphic area on the lowerbeam part > Review part contact condition >
Select Connections 246 and 247 and click Edit.
d) Only for Structural 2, change the contact conditions from Bonded to Separating with
Friction coefficient set to 0.1. Now, we can simulate non-linear contact behavior.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3D - Structural Non-Linear Analysis

Step 2: Set Structural non-linear Analysis

e) On Structural 2, click on to define some kind of
pretensions of bolts.
f) In the Nut tightening window, select eight bolts as shown
in the blue box, set 0.1 mm as Thread pitch, and choose
a Torque of 50 N*m with a Friction coefficient of 0.1.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3D - Structural Non-Linear Analysis

Step 3: Change the Solution Settings to

Global + local
a) In the Analysis branch of the project tree, on
Solution settings

b) In the Solution settings dialog, for Adaption select

Global + Local in the drop-down menu

c) Click OK

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3D - Structural Non-Linear Analysis

Step 4: Run analyses and compare results

a) Click on Structural 2 in Project tree.
b) Make sure that your Project tree appears similar to the one in the
picture.
c) Click on Solve to start the analysis.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3D - Structural Non-Linear Analysis

Step 4: Run analyses and compare results

d) See the results near the bolts to appreciate the effect of the non-linear contact.
Displacement Magnitude Von Mises Stress

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

MORE TO EXPLORE

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

File Name and Location

..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\Opt1\Contact.x_b

Exercise Goals
1. Adjust Solution Settings and Import Assembly Geometry
2. Define Assembly Material
3. Add General Connectors
4. Define Load Step 8. Redefine Contact between Torsion Bar and Bracket
5. Run the first structural analysis 9. Define the non-linear analysis load case
6. Review the first structural analysis 10. Run the second structural analysis
7. Define Non-Linear Load Step 11. Review Separating Contact Stress Results

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 1: Adjust Solution Settings and Import Assembly

Geometry
a) Access the Default solution settings via the Settings
pulldown menu and set Global+local as Objective.
b) Max number of adaptive solutions are set by default.
c) Import geometry using Project > Import From File >
..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\Opt1\
Contact.x_b
d) The Automatic Connections dialogue box will pop up.
Click OK to create connections automatically using the default
gap and penetration values.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 2: Define Assembly Material

a) Click the Assembly header in the project tree to select the
Assembly and all of its part bodies.
b) Select Apply Material to bring up the materials menu.
c) Select Steel under Generic Materials from the menu and
click Apply to All Parts at the bottom of the materials menu.
Select Close to close the menu.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 3: Add General Connectors

a) Select Connections from the project tree.
b) Under the workbench toolbar, select the arrow on Virtual Connectors to open the list. Select General Connector.
c) Apply the connector to the two cylindrical faces shown in right image.
d) Once both faces are added to the selection list, select Apply to proceed.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 3: Add General Connectors

e) Repeat from 3b to 3d for the other cylindrical holes
on the L-Bracket.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 4: Define Load Step

a) Create a linear static subcase by selecting the Structural Linear subcase on the top menu bar.
b) Structural 1 load case has been added to the Project Tree.
on it to activate it if it isn’t already and on Structural 1 to rename this to Bonded Contact.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 4: Define Load Step

c) With the Bonded Contact subcase
selected, select the Immovable Support
tool from the workbench to begin creating
the model supports.

d) Select the 5 cylindrical faces shown in

the figure to have constraints applied.
Select OK to create the supports.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 4: Define Load Step

e) On the workbench toolbar, select the
Force/Displacement tool to begin creating
a force on the torsion bar.

f) Select the cylindrical face in the hole shown

to apply the force to.
Specify this is a -1000N force active in the
Z axis (negative meaning it will apply in -Z).
Select OK to create the force.

g) By default, connections are converted over

to bonded contacts.
We can review these contact definitions in
the project tree.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 5: Run the first structural analysis

a) With the Bonded Contact load case selected in the project tree, select the Solve option from the workbench to
solve the model.
b) Once solved, select Von Mises Stresses under the now-active Result Plot option to review the analysis results.
c) Before running analysis make
sure to change Solution settings
Adaptation > Global + Local

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 6: Review the first structural analysis

a) Activate the Show Deformed Shape option from the legend.
b) Notice the high stress region occurring on the torsion bar.
Since this model was solved with bonded contacts between
the torsion bar and the L-Bracket, a high stress region occurs
between those components, rather than at the L-Bracket.
c) With the results contour applied, use the snap bookmark
tool to have these results easily available.
d) The results contour and view will be saved in the
bookmarks browser to reference.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 7: Define Non-Linear Load Step

a) Create a non-linear static subcase by selecting the Structural non-linear subcase on the top menu bar.
b) The Structural analysis settings dialogue box will open automatically.
Check the Separating Contact field to activate this contact condition during the solution.
c) Structural 1 load case has been added to the Project Tree.
on it to activate it if it isn’t already and on Structural 1 to rename this to
Separating Contact.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 8: Redefine Contact between Torsion Bar and Bracket

a) on the torsion bar to select it. and select Review part contact conditions.
b) Review the connections defined with the torsion bar.
Identify the connection between the bar and the L Bracket. Click Edit.
c) Set the connection to be a Separating contact during the Separating Contact analysis.
Leave the Friction coefficient at the default value of 0.1.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 9: Define the non-linear analysis load case

a) Copy the same constraints as before for the Separating Contact loadcase:
• Immovable supports at the remaining 5 cylindrical holes.
• -1000 N Force in negative Z to the torsion bar.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 10: Run the second

structural analysis
a) With the Separating Contact
load case selected in the project
tree, select Solve from the
workbench, to solve the model.
b) Select Von Mises Stresses
under the now-active Result
Plot option to review the
analysis results.

Note: Before running analysis make sure to change Solution settings,

Adaptation > Global + Local
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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 11: Review Separating Contact Stress

Results
a) Activate the Show Deformed Shape option from
the legend.
b) Note the higher stress values at the L-Bracket in
the separating contact condition than the bonded
contact.
By allowing the torsion bar to separate, or
“wiggle”, in the L-Bracket socket, we are able to
better capture the stresses at the L-Bracket as
the torsion bar flexes.
c) With the results contour applied, use the snap
bookmark tool to have these results easily
available and comparable with the previous.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt1) - Separation Contact

Step 11: Review Separating Contact Stress Results

d) Open the Contact response dialog.
e) Set the Response type to Normal traction and play the animation.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt2) - Non-linear Incremental

File Name and Location

..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\Opt2\hinge_beam.x_b

Exercise Goals
1. Import Assembly Geometry
2. Create Virtual Connectors
3. Assign Materials
4. Create Structural Non-linear Analysis
5. Create Immovable Support
6. Create Displacement Load
7. Run the Analysis
8. Review Results
9. View Reaction Forces

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt2) - Non-linear Incremental

Step 1: Import Assembly Geometry

a) Import geometry using Project > Import From File >
..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\Opt2\
hinge_beam.x_b
b) Click Open.
c) The assembly will load in the modeling window. The Automatic
connections dialog opens.
d) Click Cancel to close the dialog.

Step 2: Create Virtual Connectors

a) In the Project Tree, click on the Connections branch.
b) In the workbench toolbar, click > Pin.
c) For Pin type, select the Rotating radio button.
d) Select the three faces on the model as shown in the picture.
e) Click Apply. Repeat on the other side.
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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt2) - Non-linear Incremental

Step 3: Assign Material

Note: Non-linear
a) In the Project Tree, click on the Assembly branch.
incremental analysis is
b) In the Assembly workbench, click only available with
c) Pick Steel from the Generic materials list. SimSolid Advanced.
To switch to Advanced, go
d) Click Apply to all parts. to Settings > License and
e) Click Close. choose Switch to
Advanced

Step 4: Create Structural Non-linear Analysis

a) In the main window toolbar, click > Structural non-linear.
b) In the dialog, activate the Geometric non-linear check box.
c) Select the Incremental loading radio button.
d) For Number of load steps, enter 20.
e) Click OK.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt2) - Non-linear Incremental

Step 5: Create Immovable Support

a) In the Analysis Workbench, click
b) In the dialog, verify the Faces radio button is selected.
c) In the modeling window, select the face shown in the picture.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt2) - Non-linear Incremental

Step 6: Create Displacement Load

a) In the Analysis Workbench, select >
Force/Displacement.
b) In the dialog, verify the Faces radio button
is selected.
c) In the modeling window, select the face
shown in picture.
d) Change the load type to Displ. from the
drop-down menu for each direction.
e) For the X direction, enter 5.
f) For the Y and Z directions, enter 0.
g) Click OK.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt2) - Non-linear Incremental

Step 7: Run Analysis

a) In the Project Tree, open the Solution Settings.
b) Solution settings: Adaption > Global + local. Click OK and then Solve
c) A warning about groups of parts connected by sliding contact appears.
Click Yes to proceed with the analysis.

Step 8: Review Results

a) In the Analysis Workbench, select > Displacement >
Displacement Magnitude.
b) Click to view a plot of the displayed response history.
c) Click to animate the load history step by step.
d) Close all results dialogs.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt2) - Non-linear Incremental

Step 9: View Reaction Forces

a) In the Analysis Workbench, click
b) In the Supports tab, select Immovable 1.
c) For Reactions, select Force Magnitude from the
drop-down menu.
d) Click Evaluate.
e) A plot appears showing the reaction force
magnitude at Immovable 1 at each increment.
f) The plot shows a significant drop in reaction force
when buckling occurs.
g) Optional: Click Save as to save the plot as an image
or the data as a text file.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Session 3 - Advanced Structural & Dynamic Analyses

Structural
Sequential Global-Local Dynamic
Non-Linear
Analysis Analysis Analysis
Analysis
00‘ 50‘ 110‘ 120‘ 180‘

3A 3D 3E 3F

3B

3C

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Global-Local Analysis
Overview

Perform detailed analysis on a portion of the assembly by linking to an analysis performed at the
full-assembly level.
• Forces at all the connections can be propagated between the global and the local assemblies to take into
consideration the global behavior.

• Performing global-local analysis is a two-step process to reduce the overall

computer resources and time.

• The global analysis is performed on the entire assembly to capture the load paths and
forces at the connections accurately.

• In the second step, a high-fidelity local analysis with all the details is performed on a
portion of the global assembly by linking the analysis from the global study.

• You can create a local study by:

• Clicking Create local study on the Design study workbench.

• on parts in the modeling window or Project tree >

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Global-Local Analysis
Overview

The linked analysis can then be created by on any structural analysis.

• This functionality is available for structural linear and non-linear analysis.

• Any changes performed at the global study level are automatically transferred to local study.

• High-fidelity solution can then be defined at local study level by changing connections and/or solution settings.

• The dialog lists all Structural Linear and Structural Non-linear analyses present
in the current design study. All listed analyses are selected by default.

• Currently, deleting and importing parts into the local study is not supported.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Main Concepts - Summary

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3E - Global-local Analysis

File Name and Location

..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3E\Wing_GlobalLocal.ssp

Exercise Goals
1. Open project file

2. Create Local Analysis on the Fixture

3. Run the Analysis and Review the Results

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3E - Global-local Analysis

Step 1: Open project file

a) Open project file > ..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3E\Wing_GlobalLocal.ssp > Open.
This file contains a first study (Global Study) already set and ran for you.
b) In the Project Tree and modeling window, review the assembly, connections and the analysis.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3E - Global-local Analysis

Step 2: Create Local Analysis on the Fixture

a) In the Bookmark Browser, click Bookmark 1 to isolate the fixture assembly.
b) In the Project Tree, select Global Study, BASELINE to open the Design Study workbench.
c) Click Create local study
d) Hold and select parts as shown in the figure.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3E - Global-local Analysis

Step 2: Create Local Analysis on the Fixture

e) Under Copy Analysis, verify Structural 1 is selected.
f) Click OK.
The linked design study inherits all the properties, connections and
boundary conditions for the selected part from the global study.
Reaction forces from the connected parts are also mapped to the
local linked analysis.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise 3E - Global-local Analysis

Step 3: Run the Analysis and Review the Results

a) Run the analysis
b) On the Analysis Workbench toolbar, click Result plot > Displacement >
Displacement magnitude.
c) Click Deformed shape

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Session 3 - Advanced Structural & Dynamic Analyses

Structural
Sequential Global-Local Dynamic
Non-Linear
Analysis Analysis Analysis
Analysis
00‘ 50‘ 110‘ 120‘ 180‘

3A 3D 3E 3F

3B

3C

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Dynamic Analysis
The Challenge in Dynamics Simulation

• FEA dynamics data management

• Requires large amount of memory and disk space, often terabytes of data.

• Solution time
• With direct integration of motion equations, dynamics solve time is large.
With integration based on modal decomposition, FEA solvers are faster but require large number of modes used
in analysis and high accuracy of the modes and frequencies.
Time to accurately find modes in particular for thick/thin structures can be excessive.
Moreover, modes may not converge at all.

• Post processing
• Stress recovery is time consuming.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Dynamic Analysis
SimSolid Dynamics Methodology

• Required input options

• SimSolid only requires a minimum number of inputs.
Time step size is automatic, results output does not need to be specified up front, etc.

• FEA dynamics data management

• SimSolid does not use disk space while solving.
Memory footprint is orders of magnitude smaller as compared to standard FEA.

• Solution time
• SimSolid uses modal decomposition approach with is supported by high performance and high accuracy modal
solver which solves large assemblies (1000+ parts) in a matter of minutes including geometries with many
thick/thin and big/small parts. Transient dynamics solve time is done in seconds.

• Post processing
• The way SimSolid represents and stores transient dynamics results data allows for extremely quick recovery of
any quantity of interest on the fly via animation or response time evolution XY graphs in any picked point.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Modal Analysis
Modal Workbench

• Use the modal workbench to calculate

modes of vibration.
Constraints

• Constrained or free-free modes can be

calculated.

• Specified number of modes are the flexible Start Analysis

modes, excluding rigid body modes.
Mode Share Results

Pick Info
• Modes are required input to transient
dynamics solution. Modal Participation
Factors

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Modal Analysis
Modal Animation

• Once modes are calculated, Pick Mode

frequencies and mode
shapes can be displayed.
Pick here to
display mode
shapes
• Useful to visualize modes.

Pick here to
animate

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Modal Analysis
Modal Animation - parts ranked by amplitude

• The “Parts ranked by amplitude” dialog is

used to focus attention on the parts that are
moving the most in a given mode shape. Pick part to
isolate

• Useful to track down hinges and other rigid body

movements.

• Accessible from the frequency dialog during modal

results animation.

Pick here to
open dialog

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Modal Participation Factors

How to use Modal Participation Factors

• Modes shapes and animations can

be displayed directly by selecting a
row of the modal participation table.

• Simply display the mode shape contour

first in the standard way and select your
desired display attributes (deformed
shape on, animation on, hide legend
controls, etc.).

• Then, open the modal participation

dialog. All rows' selections in the dialog
are actively tied to the graphics display.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Dynamics
Transient - Dynamics transient workbench
Time functions
• Use the dynamics transient workbench to
calculate modal transient response in the
time domain.
Dynamic loads.
• Linked to a previous modal solution.
Note:
• Specify setup parameters, time functions and Constrains are
dynamic loads. defined in prior
modal analysis
• Analysis is very fast.
• Transient assembly animation and XY time
domain plots are available as output.
Start analysis
Select from main
toolbar to create
dynamics Results contours
workbench XY plots
Reaction forces

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Dynamics
Transient - Setup dialog

• Dialog displayed when transient workbench is created. Select modal

results to link to
• Inputs:
• Modal results to link to. This must be previously calculated and appear in
the same design study.
• Time duration can be specified two ways:
• Time duration in seconds. Specify analysis
duration (seconds)
• Time referenced as the number of intervals of the lowest mode’s period.
(lowest frequency period = lfp).

• For example, a lowest frequency of 2 Hz has a period of 0.5 seconds

(Period=1/frequency).
Time span specified as 4 lfp is equivalent to 2 seconds (4 x 0.5).
Specify damping -
• Rayleigh Damping
either Rayleigh or
• Modal Damping modal

• Not required size and number of time steps. SimSolid does this automatically.
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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Dynamics
Transient - Modal Damping

• Use default damping ratio - specify value and press enter to apply to all
modes.

• Edit the value on individual modes by selecting the damping ratio in the table rows.

• All values must be entered as decimals.

For example, 5% modal damping must be entered as 0.05.

Optionally pick in damping value

to adjust for individual modes

Define damping for all modes.

Must press Apply to apply.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Dynamics
Transient - Rayleigh Damping

• Mass and stiffness-proportional damping, normally referred to as Rayleigh

damping.

• During formulation, the damping matrix is assumed to be proportional to the mass

and stiffness matrices as follows:

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐹𝐹1 ∗ 𝑀𝑀 + 𝐹𝐹2 ∗ 𝐾𝐾

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Dynamics
Transient - Time functions

• Referenced by dynamic loads

• 3 methods to create it:

1) Import from external CSV file

2) Create from standard time functions

3) Create rows manually, one at a time

• Function will be plotted as it is

being created

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Dynamics
Transient - Import from CSV file

• Time function curves can be imported from an external comma separated variable (CSV) file

• File must have a header row (as shown on right)

• Values separated by commas File: curves.csv

point,time,amplitude
0,0.0,0.0
• First point index can be 0 or 1 1,0.1,1.0
2,0.2,0.0

• Text file with .csv qualifier

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Dynamics
Transient - Standard time functions

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Dynamics
Transient - Dynamic loads

• Identical to static loads with exception that

Time function must be specified.

• Values in load fields are multiplied by time

functions.

Specify time
function here

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Dynamics
Transient - Running an analysis

• Steps to create a transient dynamic analysis:

1. Do modal analysis

2. Specify initial settings (setup)

3. Specify time functions

4. Specify dynamic loads & reference time functions

5. Run transient response

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Dynamics
Results Processing - Looking at results

• To view transient dynamic results:

1. Look at the results summary to see total
solution time and number of time steps
used.
2. Plot response contours
• Initial plot is always shown at peak response
time.
• Full animation supported.
3. XY plot response values vs time Show
response
4. Dynamic reaction/contact force: XY contours
graph of component or resultant
Plot response
force/moment at both supports and part
values vs time
connections.
Dynamic
reaction/co
Open results ntact force
summary dialog
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Dynamics
Frequency Response - Dynamics frequency response

Frequency
• Typical applications are noise, vibration and functions
harshness (NVH) analysis of vehicles, rotating
machinery, transmissions and powertrain systems. Dynamic load
Note:
• Frequency response workbench is similar to transient Constrains are
but in frequency domain. defined in prior
modal analysis
• Linked to a previous modal solution.
• Specify setup parameters, frequency functions and
dynamic loads.
• Analysis is very fast. Start analysis
• Response vs frequency animation and XY frequency
domain plots are available as output. Results contours
XY plots
Select from main
toolbar to create Dynamic
dynamics workbench reaction/contact
force

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Dynamics
Frequency Response - Setup dialog

• Dialog will display when frequency response workbench

Select modal
is created. results to link to

• Inputs:

• Modal results to link to must be previously calculated and appear in

the same design study. Specify Frequency
span (Hz)
• Frequency span in to analyze.

• Damping cannot be zero in frequency/random response.

Damping can be specified by two methods:

• Rayleigh

• Modal Specify damping -

either Rayleigh or
modal

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Dynamics
Frequency Response - Frequency functions

• Referenced by dynamic loads

• 3 methods to create it:

1) Import from external CSV file

2) Create from standard time functions

3) Create rows manually, one at a time

• Function will be plotted as it is being

created.

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Dynamics
Frequency Response - Import from CSV file

• Frequency function curves can be imported from an external comma separated variable
(CSV) file.

• File must have a header row (as shown on right). File: curves.csv
point,frequrncy,amplitude
0,0,0
1,5,12
• Values separated by commas.
2,15,35
3,25,15
4,45,12
• First point index can be 0 or 1. 5,75,10

• Text file with .csv qualifier.

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Dynamics
Frequency Response - Standard frequency functions

Note: usually for this type of analysis the uniform fuction is the most appropriate.

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Dynamics
Frequency Response - Dynamic loads

Identical to static loads with exception that

frequency function must be specified.

• Values in load fields are multiplied by frequency

functions amplitudes.

Specify
frequency
function here

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Dynamics
Frequency Response - Running an analysis

• Steps to create a frequency response analysis:

1. Do modal analysis

2. Specify initial settings (setup)

3. Specify frequency functions

4. Specify dynamic loads & reference frequency functions

5. Run frequency response

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Dynamics
Results Processing - Contour animation

Animate
response

Plot response
contour

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Dynamics
Results Processing - XY Plotting

Pick points
to graph
Plot response values vs
time graphs

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Dynamics
Results Processing - Frequency response

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Dynamics
Random Response - Dynamics Random response
Random
• Cases likely to involve non-deterministic functions
loads are those linked to conditions such as
turbulence on an airplane structure, road
surface imperfections on a car structure, noise Dynamic load.
Note:
loads on a given structure and so forth.
Constrains are
• Random Response Analysis requires as input, defined in prior
Power Spectral Density Functions of the non- modal analysis
deterministic Excitation Source(s).
• Analysis is very fast.
• Response vs frequency animation and XY Start analysis
frequency domain plots are available as output.
Results contours
Select from XY plots
main toolbar to
create dynamics Dynamic reaction/
workbench contact Force

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Dynamics
Random Response - Setup dialog

• Dialog will display when random response workbench is Select modal

created. results to link to

• Inputs:

• Modal results to link to must be previously calculated and appear

in the same design study. Specify Frequency
span (Hz)
• Frequency span in to analyze.

• Damping cannot be zero in frequency/random response.

Damping can be specified by two methods:

• Rayleigh

• Modal Specify damping -

either Rayleigh or
modal

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Dynamics
Random Response - PSD functions

• Referenced by dynamic loads

• 3 methods to create it:

1) Import from external CSV file

2) Create from standard time functions

3) Create rows manually, one at a time

• Function will be plotted as it is being

created.

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Dynamics
Random Response - Import from CSV file

• PSD function curves can be imported from an external comma separated variable (CSV) file.

• File must have a header row (as shown on right).

File: curves.csv
point,frequency,amplitude
• Values separated by commas. 0,0,0
1,5,12
2,15,35
• First point index can be 0 or 1. 3,25,15
4,45,12
5,75,10

• Text file with .csv qualifier.

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Dynamics
Random Response - Standard functions

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Dynamics
Random Response - Dynamic loads

• Identical to static loads with exception that

frequency function must be specified.

• Values in load fields are multiplied by

frequency functions amplitudes.

Specify PSD
function here

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Dynamics
Random Response - Running an analysis

• Steps to create a random response analysis:

1. Do modal analysis

2. Specify initial settings (setup)

3. Specify PSD functions

4. Specify dynamic loads & reference PSD functions

5. Run random response

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Dynamics
Results Processing - Looking at results

• To view random dynamic results:

1. Look at the results summary to see total
solution time and integration steps used.

2. Plot response contours

• Initial plot is always shown at peak response

frequency.
Show response
• Full animation supported contours

3. XY plot response values vs Frequency [Hz] Plot response

values vs time

Open results
summary dialog
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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Partial Dynamic Response

• All dynamic time and frequency XY plots can be filtered using a subset of the total analysis modes.
• Pick a point on the XY curve.

• This will display a table of all modes along with

their contribution (both magnitude and
percentage) to the result at that point along the
time/frequency graph.

• Select one or more modes using +

then pick the Evaluate response button.

• Two curves are now plotted: the total response

(blue curve) and the partial response
(black curve).
The contribution can be recalculated for a
different time/frequency by picking a new point
on either curve.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Squeak and Rattle

Overview and Terminology

• Squeak and rattle functionality allows engineers to rapidly identify and eliminate squeak and rattle
issues along the contact surface of neighboring parts at an early design stage.
• Squeak and rattle issues are always caused by relative displacement between two parts which are mounted
with or without any gap and might interact for a short duration of time.

• Rattle is caused when there is a relative motion between components that

come in contact for a short duration of time, due to impact forces.
Rattle generally occurs when the components are loose or overly flexible.

• Squeak is an undesirable sound that occurs when two surfaces interact

under stick-slip phenomenon, and friction is caused by a relative motion
between the surfaces.
The frictional energy is stored in the contact surfaces and is released when
it exceeds the kinetic friction, which in turn produces an audible squeak.

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Squeak and Rattle

Setup

• Select Squeak and Rattle from main

toolbar, under the Dynamics analyses'
menu.
• Linked to a previous transient dynamics'
solution.

• Specify the failure criteria for Gap tolerance

(Open close) and Gap tolerances (Stick slip).

• Click on to define a set of points at the

contact surface of neighboring parts to
identity squeak and rattle.

• Run the analysis.

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Squeak and Rattle

Results

• Click to see the results: Initial gap,

Minimal gap, Maximum tangential
displacement and Final status.
• Final status:

• Squeak and rattle: The normal gap is below the

open-close tolerance and the tangential distance is
above the stick-slip tolerance.

• Rattle: The normal gap is below the open-close

tolerance and the tangential distance is below the
stick-slip tolerance.

• NA: The normal gap is above the open-close

tolerance.

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Main Concepts - Summary

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Exercise 3F - Dynamics Transient Analysis

File Name and Location

..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3F\Robot.ssp

Exercise Goals
1. Open project file

2. Set Dynamics Transient Analysis

3. Run analysis and post-process the results

4. Post-process the results using Datum Points

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Exercise 3F - Dynamics Transient Analysis

Step 1: Open project file

a) Open project file > ..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\3F\Robot.ssp > Open.
This file contains a first study (Design study 1) already set and ran for you.
or
b) You can also open that project file from ..\02-Structural_&_Modal\2C\Robot-Final.ssp.

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Exercise 3F - Dynamics Transient Analysis

Step 2: Set Dynamics Transient Analysis

a) Create a new Dynamics transient analysis.
A Transient dynamics setup window will appear.
b) Select the already set and ran modal analysis
(Modal 1, linked).
c) Set 2 seconds as Time span.
d) Set 0.03 as Default damping ratio in Modal
damping option.
e) Click Apply and make sure that the Damping ratio
you entered appears in the table at the bottom.
f) Click OK to confirm.

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Exercise 3F - Dynamics Transient Analysis

Step 2: Set Dynamics Transient Analysis

g) Click on to choose the Time function.
h) Click on Standard.

i) Choose Harmonics as Function type and set 2 Hz as Frequency. Leave the other options as default.
j) Click OK to confirm.
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Exercise 3F - Dynamics Transient Analysis

Step 2: Set Dynamics Transient

Analysis
k) Click on > Translational
inertia.
l) Click on Apply to selected parts.
m)Select the robot’s clamp as shown
in the picture.
n) Set the Acceleration components
as shown in the picture (X = 4, Y=
6, Z = 0).
Make sure you are using the same
Units [G].

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Exercise 3F - Dynamics Transient Analysis

Step 3: Run analysis and post-process the results

a) Click on Transient Dynamics 1, linked to Modal 1 in
Project tree.
b) Make sure that your Project tree appears similar to the
one in the picture.
c) Click on to run the analysis.

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Exercise 3F - Dynamics Transient Analysis

Step 3: Run analysis and post-process the results

d) Click on Result Plot and choose the Displacement Magnitude visualization.
e) Click on to animate your results.

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Exercise 3F - Dynamics Transient Analysis

Step 4: Post-process the results using Datum Points

a) Click on Assembly and pick Import datum points
option from drop down to open the import dialogue.
b) Click on Import from CSV from ..\03-Structural_&_Dynamic\3F\Robot_datum_point.csv option and
load the file with datum points. Imported Points are shown in dialogue and graphics area.
Hit OK to accept the points.
c) Click on Result plot > Pick Info and select Choose datum point set option to visualize the time response in
picked points.

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MORE TO EXPLORE

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Exercise (Opt3) - Dynamics Frequency Response Analysis

File Name and Location

..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\Opt3\Grapple-total.ssp

Exercise Goals
1. Open project file

2. Set Dynamics Frequency response analysis

3. Run analyses and post-process the results

4. Partial Response

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Exercise (Opt3) - Dynamics Frequency Response Analysis

Step 1: Open project file

a) Open project file > ..\03-Adv_Structural_&_Dynamic\Opt3\Grapple-total.ssp > Open.
This file contains a first study (Design study 1) already set and ran for you.

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Exercise (Opt3) - Dynamics Frequency Response Analysis

Step 2: Set Dynamics Frequency response Analysis

a) Create a new Dynamics Frequency response analysis.
A Dynamics frequency response setup window will
appear.
b) Select the already set and ran modal analysis (Modal 1,
linked).
c) Set 1.30759 Hz as Lower limit and 38.8193 Hz as Upper
Limit of Frequency span (these values should be
automatically already entered by SimSolid).
d) Set 0.03 as Default damping ratio in Modal damping option.
e) Click Apply and make sure that the Damping ratio you
entered appears in the table at the bottom.
f) Click OK to confirm.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt3) - Dynamics Frequency Response Analysis

Step 2: Set Dynamics Frequency response Analysis

g) Click on to choose a frequency function (Frequency function 1).
h) Click on Standard.

i) Choose Uniform as Function type.

j) Click OK to confirm.

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Exercise (Opt3) - Dynamics Frequency Response Analysis

Step 2: Set Dynamics Frequency response Analysis

k) Click on to define a Base excitation.
l) Set all values and options as shown in the picture.
m)Make sure to associate this load to Frequency function 1.
n) Click OK to confirm.

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Exercise (Opt3) - Dynamics Frequency Response Analysis

Step 3: Run analyses and post-process the results

a) From Project tree, click on Frequency dynamics 1,
linked to Modal 1.
b) Click on to run the analysis.
c) Plot the Displacement Magnitude and the Von Mises
Stress.
d) Adjust the scale to 100

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt3) - Dynamics Frequency Response Analysis

Step 3: Run analyses and post-process the results

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Exercise (Opt3) - Dynamics Frequency Response Analysis

Step 3: Run analyses and post-process the results

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Exercise (Opt3) - Dynamics Frequency Response Analysis

Step 4: Run analyses and post-process the

results
a) Click on and pick one (or more) point(s) to
visualize the Dynamics frequency response in
picked point(s).
b) Select one or more Modes contributions in order
to visualize the partial response of this mode.

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Altair SimSolid, v2023

Questions & Answers

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Altair SimSolid - Summary

Training Sessions

Advanced
Structural Thermal
GUI, Structural
& &
Geometry & &
Modal Fatigue
Connections Dynamic
Analyses Analyses
Analyses

Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Session 4

Part 1 Basic Part 2 Advanced

• Altair SimSolid • Structural Linear • Sequential Analysis • Thermal Analysis

Introduction Analysis • Structural Non- • High Cycle Fatigue
• User Interface • Post-Processing Linear Analysis Analysis (SN)
• Processing • Design Studies • Global-Local • Low Cycle Fatigue
Design Geometry • Loads And Boundary Analysis Analysis (EN)
• Connections Conditions • Dynamic Analysis • Weld Fatigue
• Exercises 1A-1B • Modal Analysis • Exercises 3A-3F Analysis
• Q&A • Exercises 2A-2C • Q&A • Exercises 4A-4H
• Q&A
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