Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14576759

Adapting 'Rishi-Krishi' Perspectives in Safe Farming in

Aadhikhola, Gandaki Province, Nepal
Juna Devi Pun
Ramchandra Baral (PhD)

Abstract:- The Rishi-Krishi approach, a combination of The global organic farming sector has grown
ancient Vedic principles and modern organic methods, is significantly, with 72.3 million hectares under cultivation
gaining popularity among farmers in Nepal's Aadhikhola. managed by 3.1 million farmers in 187 countries (Willer et al.,
This study investigates the implementation and effects of 2021) with Australia, Argentina, and China being major
Rishi-Krishi principles alongside contemporary organic contributors to this growth.(FIBL, 2019). Nepal's organic
techniques, using a mixed-methods approach. The agriculture land increased from 9,361 hectares in 2017 to
research aims to assess how these practices contribute to 11,851 hectares in 2020, mainly due to vegetable and coffee
sustainable agricultural development, improve farmers' cultivation growth, but its global organic market share is only
well-being, and have broader implications for community 0.0004%.
health, aligning with the "One Health" initiative. The
paper has used mixed-methods research, including India's organic agriculture, a blend of traditional
interviews and secondary data from ASK Nepal to practices and modern sustainability concepts, promotes
measure the relationship between cultural beliefs, health ecological balance by avoiding synthetic fertilizers and
consciousness, and sustainable agricultural practices, pesticides. Despite challenges like reduced crop yields and
revealing ecological, cultural, and health dimensions. The certification costs, initiatives like the Paramparagat Krishi
study highlights the positive impact of organic farming on Vikas Yojana and the National Programme for Organic
soil fertility, animal health, and human well-being, but also Production have facilitated the transition to organic farming.
highlights challenges such as limited access to certified The organic market in India is experiencing a 20-25% annual
markets, insufficient cold storage facilities, and growth rate, indicating a growing demand for sustainable
transportation difficulties that hinder farmers' full agricultural practices, with Sikkim being India's first entirely
potential. Addressing challenges is crucial for sustainable organic state (NICHEM, 2023).
agricultural practices and community health
improvement, with future efforts focusing on improving Nepal is promoting organic agriculture as a sustainable
market access and infrastructure. alternative, aligning with international sustainability goals.
However, conflicting policies hinder progress, as seen in the
Keywords:- Rishi-Krishi, Holistic Health, One Health, ambitious organic transformation efforts in Karnali province
'Cultivating Harmony and Harvesting Health' (Baral et al., 2020). A study in Awalching, Surkhet, found that
64% of farmers are adopting organic farming methods, despite
I. INTRODUCTION limited understanding. These practices offer environmental
benefits like improved soil health, reduced energy
Contemporary agricultural systems prioritize consumption, and potential climate change mitigation (Rokaya
sustainability, food safety, and ecological well-being through et al., 2023). Organic farming in Nepal is a viable solution for
organic farming, regenerative agriculture, and precision generating premium organic products, but farmers face
agriculture, advocating for chemical input elimination, soil challenges such as reduced crop yields, high input costs, and
health restoration, and resource optimization (FAO, 2021). difficulties in obtaining organic certifications and accessing
Integrated Pest Management and the One Health framework markets, which hinder its widespread adoption (Regmi, 2023).
address health issues in human, animal, and environmental
domains. Urban agriculture ensures food security, while In rural Nepal, agriculture is essential not only for
climate-smart practices and digital technologies enhance economic sustenance but also as a fundamental component of
resilience and market access. These developments emphasize the sociocultural dynamics inherent in agrarian communities
the importance of comprehensive farming strategies that (Sharma et al., 2019). Conventional agricultural methods,
balance productivity with environmental sustainability and heavily reliant on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, have
health priorities (World Bank, 2021; WHO, 2022). caused significant environmental and health issues in
agricultural communities (Regmi & Adhikari, 2020).
highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives to address

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14576759

soil fertility, biodiversity, and human health. Traditional environmental impact, discourage chemical use, and promote
knowledge systems like Rishi-Krishi and Ayurvedic principles health benefits (Sadhale, 1999).
promote sustainable agricultural practices, emphasizing the
interconnectedness of soil, plants, animals, and human health. Kul Raj Chalise's thesis introduces Rishi Krishi, a
These systems align with the modern One Health framework, holistic agricultural model rooted in Vedic principles,
which integrates human, animal, and environmental health to emphasizing quality food production that fosters ecological
improve public health outcomes (Chatterjee & Khadgi, 2020; balance and positive societal impacts. Positioned as more
WHO, 2017). advanced than permaculture and organic farming, it integrates
spirituality and sustainability. Chalise suggests that Nepal can
Traditional practices, despite their potential, are often leverage Rishi Krishi to establish a unique identity in global
underutilized in regions like Aadhikhola, Nepal, where agriculture while addressing biodiversity conservation and
chemical-intensive farming is still prevalent. Agrarian promoting ethical farming practices (Chalise, 2014).
communities face challenges like limited organic seed
availability, inadequate education on sustainable farming, and Combining Rishi-Krishi principles from Krishi-
economic pressures that prioritize immediate profits over Parashara (Sadhale, 1999) with the One Health framework
long-term sustainability (Blaikie & Sadeque, 2000). creates a unified approach to 'Cultivating Harmony and
Diversification of livelihoods, including migration and Harvesting Health' with sustainable agriculture, fostering
alternative income sources, has transformed conventional environmental harmony, food security, and holistic health.
agricultural roles, complicating the implementation of
sustainable farming practices (Gautam et al., 2021). Thus, III. LITERATURE REVIEW
what is the connection between sustainable agricultural
methods and the awareness of holistic health among farmers in The literature review explores the Rishi-Krishi
Aadhikhola rural municipality? What is the impact of Rishi- framework and the One Health Paradigm, which combines
Krishi principles and the One Health framework on the traditional knowledge with modern techniques in Regenerative
implementation of sustainable agricultural practices in the Organic Agriculture (ROA). This Vedic-rooted methodology
region? Based on the above question, this paper seeks to emphasizes the interconnectedness of food systems,
assess the impact of Rishi-Krishi principles on the promotion environmental health, and human well-being, promoting
of holistic health awareness and the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices and promoting "One Health."
sustainable agricultural practices in Aadhikhola rural The text emphasizes the crucial role of deities like Indra,
municipality and to explore the integration of Rishi-Krishi Varuna, Agni, Vayu, Yaksha, Gandharva, and Kinnara in
with the One Health framework to improve health outcomes protecting the food ecosystem, promoting ecological
for farmers, communities, and the environment. equilibrium, and ensuring human welfare (Palaniappan &
Annadurai, 1999).
II. CONCEPT
Organic agriculture focuses on ecological balance,
Rishi Krishi, or Vedic farming, is an ancient agricultural biodiversity conservation, and soil fertility, using organic
practice rooted in the Vedas. It emphasizes the harmonious inputs like compost, manure, and crop rotation. This approach
relationship between nature, humanity, and the environment, supports sustainable agricultural systems, improves soil
promoting sustainable use of resources and spiritual health, and promotes social responsibility. It promotes
principles. The goal is to enhance soil vitality, promote equitable labour practices, community welfare, and food
biodiversity, and reduce environmental degradation. This security. The combination of traditional knowledge and
approach prioritizes ethical farming, considering crop yield, modern organic methodologies offers ecological and
ecosystem health, and farmer welfare (Sadhale, 1999; Mritika economic benefits, but challenges persist, such as certification
Agro, 2023). processes and market accessibility for organic goods
(Palaniappan & Annadurai, 1999).
Organic farming in India combines traditional practices
with modern sustainability principles, emphasizing ecological The Rishi Krishi methodology, grounded in Vedic
balance. Initiatives like Rishi Krishi reject synthetic philosophy, prioritizes the synchronization of agricultural
chemicals, promoting biodiversity and soil health. This methods with the equilibrium of nature, as articulated in the
approach fosters a sustainable agricultural system, addressing Yajurveda and Mahopanishad. The Yajurveda (36.17)
environmental concerns while maintaining productivity. The highlights the importance of ecological balance and
integration of these practices demonstrates the potential of tranquility, advocating for the welfare of all living entities and
organic farming in achieving environmental goals. Rishi- natural elements. In a similar vein, the Mahopanishad (6.71)
Krishi aims to boost farmers' income through traditional presents the principle of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, which
farming methods, promote organic farming, reduce fosters a comprehensive perspective that recognizes the
interdependence of all life forms and the environment,

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14576759

emphasizing the interconnectedness of humanity, nature, and The works of Sadhale (1999), Kumar (2023), and Chalise
the universe. (2014) highlight the integration of ancient Vedic agricultural
wisdom with modern sustainable farming practices. Sadhale
Ayurveda's Holistic Health Consciousness promotes (1999) offers a translation of Krishi-Parashara, a key text that
ecological harmony in farming through Prakriti (balance provides comprehensive guidance on sustainable agriculture,
between humans and nature), Ojas (vital energy from toxin- emphasizing organic fertilizers, soil conservation, and water
free food), and Sattva (purity in thought and environment). management. Parashara's teachings advocate for farming
These principles align with sustainable agricultural practices, methods that maintain ecological harmony, aligning with
advocating for soil vitality, organic farming methods, and modern organic farming principles that avoid harmful
reduced chemical inputs. The One Health framework chemicals.
emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, plant,
soil, and environmental health, fostering enduring Building on these foundations, Kumar (2023) discusses
sustainability and ecological resilience in agricultural systems. the continued relevance of Kṛṣiparāśara for contemporary
agriculture, particularly in the areas of seed conservation,
According to Chalise (Chalise, 2014). the Rishi Krishi efficient water use, and maintaining ecological balance.
method is a sophisticated and spiritually grounded agricultural Kumar emphasizes how these ancient practices can be
practice that integrates Vedic principles with ecological and integrated with modern techniques to address climate change
sustainable farming techniques. It emphasizes the production and enhance long-term agricultural productivity.
of high-quality, life-enhancing food, distinguishing it from
conventional agricultural methods. Rishi Krishi incorporates Chalise (2014), meanwhile, introduces the concept of
spiritual insights to maintain harmony between humans and Rishi-Krishi, which merges ecological and spiritual principles
nature while promoting sustainable use of natural resources. for sustainable farming. By incorporating practices such as
He posits that adopting Rishi Krishi could allow Nepal to agroforestry, rainwater harvesting, and biodiversity
create a distinctive global identity in agriculture, enhancing conservation, Rishi-Krishi not only supports ecological
biodiversity conservation and demonstrating a model of sustainability but also aligns with cultural and spiritual values.
ethical and culturally significant farming practices( (Chalise, Chalise suggests that this holistic approach, particularly
2014). applicable in Nepal, provides a global model for integrating
tradition with modern sustainability efforts.
In her article "Reviewing Agricultural Insights of
Kṛṣiparāśara for Sustainable Farming and Conservation," Together, these works demonstrate how ancient
Manju V. Kumar (2023) discusses the significance of the agricultural wisdom can provide valuable insights for
agricultural principles laid out by Sage Parashara, highlighting contemporary farming, conservation, and climate action,
the alignment of ancient Indian farming techniques with offering a balanced approach to sustainability that combines
modern sustainable practices. The text emphasizes nature- tradition with modern agricultural techniques.
friendly farming methods, such as organic pest control, soil
conservation, and water management, which resonate closely The conceptual framework about the integration of
with the principles of Rishi-Krishi. Parashara advocates for the ancient Vedic agricultural principles with modern sustainable
use of organic manures, rainwater harvesting, and minimal farming practices, combining aspects of organic farming, seed
tillage, echoing modern organic farming and sustainable conservation, water management, agroforestry, biodiversity
agriculture practices (Kumar, 2023). conservation, and spiritual values like Rishi-Krishi. It
highlights the connection between ecological balance, climate
Kumar highlights that the conservation of traditional, action, and sustainable development, emphasizing the
locally adapted seed varieties and efficient water management relevance of these practices globally, particularly in Nepal.
techniques from Kṛṣiparāśara are crucial for maintaining
agricultural resilience and sustainability. These principles IV. METHODOLOGY
align with the Rishi-Krishi approach, which promotes
environmentally harmonious farming and addresses climate- The study is based on the integration of Rishi-Krishi
related challenges through sustainable practices like rainwater philosophy and the One Health framework in safe agricultural
harvesting and soil management. By integrating these ancient practices in the Aadhikhola corridor of Syangja, Nepal. It uses
teachings into contemporary agricultural frameworks, Rishi- a mixed-methods research design, combining primary data
Krishi and Kṛṣiparāśara both advocate for a balanced from interviews and secondary data from ASK Nepal. The
relationship between humans and the environment, ensuring study surveyed 247 households involved in organic farming in
long-term agricultural viability and conservation of natural Aadhikhola, with purposive sampling to ensure active
resources (Kumar, 2023). participation in organic practices. This study involved 247
participants, with 207 interviewed face-to-face and 40 via
telephone. Purposive sampling was used, focusing on

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14576759

household heads as key respondents, with a gender The study faced limitations due to the COVID-19
distribution of 173 females (70%) and 74 males (30%). pandemic, including limited in-person interactions and the use
Interactions were conducted in Nepali and later translated into of telephone interviews. The purposive sampling method may
English, ensuring cultural relevance and methodological limit the generalizability of findings, and self-reported data
clarity. could introduce biases. Despite these, the mixed-methods
approach provided a comprehensive understanding of the
The research was conducted between February and relationship between health-conscious farming practices and
August 2021. The study explores the correlation between holistic health, offering valuable insights into sustainable
cultural beliefs, health awareness, and sustainable agricultural agriculture within the Rishi-Krishi framework.
practices, focusing on the influence of Rishi-Krishi principles
and the One Health framework, using both qualitative and The selection criteria for articles focused on studies
quantitative methods to understand the ecological, cultural, published between 2015 and 2023 on organic farming,
and health aspects of farming in the region. traditional farming systems like Rishi-Krishi, and health-
conscious agricultural practices in Nepal. The studies were
The study analyzed farmers' perceptions of health, considered if they involved populations practicing organic or
environment, and Safe farming practices using both qualitative sustainable farming, explored interventions related to health
and quantitative methods. Thematic analysis was used to outcomes, and measured ecological or socio-economic
understand how cultural beliefs and health consciousness impacts. The exposure of interest was the adoption of
influence sustainable practices. Ethical considerations were sustainable farming practices and their integration with health
maintained, with informed consent obtained from all frameworks like One Health. Exclusion criteria included
participants and confidentiality maintained. The study faced studies with insufficient methodological quality, inadequate
limitations due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including limited sample sizes, or those not focusing on health, sustainability, or
in-person interactions and telephone interviews. However, the agricultural practices.
mixed-methods approach provided a comprehensive
understanding of the relationship between health-conscious The study focused on sustainable farming practices like
farming practices and holistic health, offering valuable organic farming and their integration with health frameworks
insights into sustainable agriculture within the Rishi-Krishi like One Health. It prioritized articles focusing on soil health
framework. The selection criteria focused on studies published assessments, crop yields, and health improvements. Exclusion
between 2015 and 2023 on organic farming, traditional criteria included studies with insufficient methodological
farming systems like Rishi-Krishi, and health-conscious quality, inadequate sample sizes, or not focusing on health,
agricultural practices in Nepal. Exclusion criteria included sustainability, or agricultural practices. Additionally, studies
studies with insufficient methodological quality, inadequate lacking clear demographic or geographical relevance were
sample sizes, or those not focusing on health, sustainability, or excluded.
agricultural practices.
V. DATA PRESENTATION
This study used both qualitative and quantitative
methods to analyze farmers' perceptions of health, A. Motivating Factors for Involvement in Organic Farming
environment, and farming practices. Thematic analysis helped The study identifies several motivating factors
us understand how cultural beliefs and health consciousness influencing farmers to engage in organic farming, including
influence sustainable practices. Ethical considerations were cultural consciousness, health awareness, environmental
crucial, with informed consent obtained from all participants concerns, and economic self-reliance.
and confidentiality maintained. Ethical approval was obtained
from relevant review boards to accurately represent The findings, summarized in Table 1, highlight the
participants' views and protect their rights. diverse drivers of organic farming adoption.

Table 1: Motivational Factors

Motivational Factors Responses (n) Percent (%)
Ayurveda Culture Consciousness 169 81.6
One Health Consciousness 90 43.3
Environmental Concerns 54 26.1
Economic Progress through Self-Employment 8 3.9
Total 321* ---
*Note: The Number of Responses Exceeds the Total Number of Respondents due to the Multiple-Response Nature of the Question.
Source: Field Survey, 2021.

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14576759

The study reveals that farmers in Aadhikhola, Syangja,  Environmental Concerns

are motivated to adopt safe and organic farming practices due A total of 54 farmers, representing 26.1% of the
to cultural, health, environmental, and economic factors, responses, recognized environmental challenges as a major
influencing their decision-making process. concern. These farmers exhibited awareness of the harmful
impacts linked to traditional farming methods, such as soil
 Ayurveda Culture Consciousness deterioration, water contamination, and a reduction in
The study found that 81.6% of respondents, or 169, are biodiversity. Their involvement in organic agriculture is
motivated by Ayurveda culture consciousness, highlighting motivated by a dedication to tackling these environmental
the significant influence of cultural and religious beliefs problems and encouraging the sustainable stewardship of
within the community. Organic farming aligns farmers' natural resources for the advantage of upcoming generations.
practices with Hindu traditions' principles of purity,
sustainability, and spiritual wellness, promoting soil health,  Economic Progress through Self-Employment
ecological equilibrium, and a natural lifestyle. This highlights The study found that economic advancement through
the profound connection between religious values and self-employment was the least influential motivator for most
agricultural behavior in the region. farmers, accounting for only 8.9% of responses. This suggests
that organic farming is primarily a cultural and health-focused
The most prominent motivating factor identified is pursuit rather than a profit-driven enterprise. However, some
Ayurveda Culture Consciousness, with 169 responses commercial farmers still consider organic farming as a viable
accounting for 81.6%. This reflects the deep-rooted influence income source and self-sufficiency option.
of cultural and religious beliefs in the community. Farmers
perceive organic farming as a means to align their agricultural The study reveals that cultural and health-related factors
practices with the principles of purity, sustainability, and drive the implementation of safe farming practices in
spiritual well-being advocated by Hindu traditions. These Aadhikhola. Traditional beliefs and health education are
beliefs encourage practices that prioritize soil health, crucial for sustainable agricultural methods. Economic
ecological balance, and a natural way of life, underscoring the incentives have less impact on environmental issues. Policies
region's strong connection between religion and farming promoting organic farming should focus on cultural values
behaviour. and health awareness, while considering economic feasibility
to increase wider engagement.
 One Health Consciousness
The One Health Consciousness factor, involving 43.3% B. Maintaining Soil Health Practice
of responses, highlights the growing awareness among farmers Ensuring soil health is crucial for agricultural
about the interconnectedness of human, animal, and sustainability, and various methods promote soil vitality and
environmental health. Many farmers fear the harmful effects fertility. These strategies, both conventional and
of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, leading to a shift contemporary, aim to balance nutrient levels, improve soil
towards organic farming methods. Organic produce benefits structure, and enhance long-term productivity.
families and communities, bolstering their commitment to
sustainable agricultural practices.

Table 2: Soil Purifying Processes among the Farms

Responses
Soil Purifying Process Numbers Percent
Use of traditional fertilizers with Cow urine and compost 207 100.0
Use of modern fertilizers 27 13.0
Total 234*
*Note: The number of responses exceeds the total number of respondents due to the multiple-response nature of the question.
Source: Field Survey, 2021.

The data presented in Table 2 from the 2021 field survey Organic agricultural practices prioritize ecological
highlights the soil purification methods employed by farmers equilibrium and soil fertility enhancement through the use of
in Aadhikhola and Bheerkot, Syangja. The findings reveal that conventional fertilizers like cow dung and urine. Cow dung is
an overwhelming 100% of the 207 respondents use traditional rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium,
fertilizers, such as cow urine and compost. This indicates a improving soil structure and fostering microbial diversity.
strong commitment among these farmers to maintaining soil Cow urine has purifying and therapeutic qualities, managing
health and adhering to organic farming principles, as they pathogens and enhancing nutrient levels. These methodologies
prefer natural methods over synthetic chemical alternatives. align with traditional ecological wisdom, advocating for
 Traditional Fertilizers in Organic Farming: sustainable agricultural practices and soil health. (Mishra et

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14576759

al., 2011; Bhattacharyya et al., 2016). These methodologies farming across all agricultural sectors, as traditional practices
align with traditional ecological wisdom, advocating for are reconciled with contemporary productivity demands.
sustainable agricultural practices and soil health.
The Aadhikhola communities have a strong tradition of
 Modern Fertilizer Use organic farming but still rely on modern fertilizers. This
13% of farmers still use modern chemical fertilizers indicates a transitional stage where traditional techniques are
despite traditional practices, especially in high-value crops used alongside modern methods. To advance this transition,
like tomatoes, cauliflower, cabbage, and potatoes. This trend farmers need support in addressing challenges, providing
is driven by the need to increase yield and market demands, as training, facilitating access to organic inputs, and promoting
opposed to the predominant preference for traditional market opportunities for organic products. This will improve
methods. soil health and promote long-term agricultural sustainability.

 Implications for Sustainable Farming C. Seeds and Plant Management Practices

The use of chemical fertilizers in organic farming faces Effective seed and plant management practices are
challenges in transitioning from traditional methods. Farmers crucial for maintaining productivity, biodiversity, and
in regions like Aadhikhola and Bheerkot use chemical sustainability in farming. These practices focus on selecting,
fertilizers as a short-term solution for specific crops. This preserving, and cultivating seeds and plants that align with
highlights the need for improved education and support ecological principles and local adaptability.
systems to facilitate a comprehensive transition to organic

Table 3: Sources of Seeds and Plants of Organic Farming

Responses
Source of Seeds and Plants
Numbers Percent
Agrovet market 193 93.7
Farmer’s seed collection 45 21.8
Supporting NGO (Ask Nepal) 22 10.7
Neighbors and relatives’ farmers 6 2.9
Total 266*
*Note: The number of responses exceeds the total number of respondents due to the multiple-response nature of the question.
Source: Field Survey, 2021

Table 3 provides insights into the seed sourcing practices from varieties suitable to their local conditions, ensuring long-
of farmers in the Aadhikhola and Bheerkot regions of Syangja, term soil health and ecological stability.
revealing their significant dependence on diverse sources for
seeds and plants, which impacts both traditional and  Support from NGOs
contemporary agricultural practices. 10.7% of farmers acquire seeds from NGOs, particularly
Ask Nepal, which provide improved seed varieties and
 Dominance of Agrovet Markets certified organic seeds. These NGOs also offer technical
93.7% of farmers rely on agrovet markets for seeds and guidance on sustainable agricultural practices. Their support
plants, particularly for hybrid seeds like cauliflower, tomatoes, promotes the adoption of organic farming techniques and aids
and cabbage. These markets offer enhanced yields and pest in transitioning from traditional to more ecologically
resistance, often linked to GMOs. However, the adoption of sustainable systems. They ensure farmers have access to high-
hybrid seeds raises concerns about biodiversity loss and quality, non-GMO seeds and offer training for effective
increased dependence on commercial seed suppliers (Altieri, organic farming (FAO, 2011). Additionally, NGOs may
2002). The trend of farmers sourcing seeds from urban centres reduce reliance on external commercial inputs.
like Syangja and Pokhara indicates a shift towards
commercialization of agriculture and a decrease in traditional  Local Seed Exchange
seed-saving methods. 2.9% of farmers in the region rely on local farmers for
seeds, reflecting the traditional practice of seed exchange. This
 Farmer’s Seed Collection helps maintain local crop varieties and strengthen community
21.8% of farmers use seeds collected from their own ties. However, the low percentage suggests a shift towards
crops, focusing on local varieties and leafy vegetables. This more commercial and less communal seed systems in the
method preserves genetic diversity, enhances resilience region.
against pests, diseases, and climate fluctuations, and promotes
economic sustainability by avoiding the high costs of hybrid
seeds( Eyzaguirre & Linares, 2004). Farmers choose seeds

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ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14576759

D. Impacts of Rishi Krishi Farming model in Society economic empowerment. By relying on organic inputs and
The Rishi Krishi farming model, rooted in traditional natural cycles, it minimizes chemical use and restoring soil
agricultural practices, has transformative impacts on society health, preserving biodiversity, and reducing water and air
by promoting environmental sustainability, health, and pollution.

Table 4: Impacts of Organic Farming in Society

Impact of Organic Farming Responses (n=40) Number Percent
Improve soil health 38 97.4%
Increase awareness level in society 35 89.7%
Improve animal health 25 64.1%
Improve human health 22 56.4%
Total 120*
Note: The number of responses exceeds the total number of respondents due to the multiple-response nature of the question.
Source: Telegraphy (2021).

This table 4. highlights the significant societal impacts of VI. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
organic farming, including improvements in soil health
(97.4%), heightened societal awareness (89.7%), enhanced This study sought to evaluate the integration of Rishi
animal health (64.1%), and better human health outcomes Krishi principles within farming practices and their impact on
(56.4%). These findings underline the multifaceted benefits of health outcomes in Aadhikhola, Nepal. The specific objectives
transitioning to organic practices for both environmental and were to evaluate how Rishi Krishi principles contribute to
community well-being. Organic farming significantly impacts holistic health consciousness and sustainable farming practices
society, fostering environmental, social, and economic and other to explore the integration of Rishi Krishi with the
benefits. Improved soil health (97.4%) stands out as a key One Health framework in improving health outcomes for
benefit, with practices like composting and reduced chemical farmers. The integrated guiding theme, "Cultivating Harmony
inputs enhancing soil fertility, structure, and biodiversity, and Harvesting Health," encapsulates the broader objective of
ensuring long-term land productivity. Additionally, increased fostering a balanced relationship between agricultural
awareness (89.7%) among farmers and communities about practices, human health, and ecological sustainability.
environmental and health sustainability drives a shift toward
safer agricultural methods. The adoption of organic farming
also improves animal health (64.1%), reducing disease A. Comparison with Rishi Krishi Principles and farm practice
incidence by minimizing chemical exposure, aligning with the The study's findings resonate strongly with the core
One Health approach. Human health (56.4%) sees principles of Rishi Krishi, which emphasize ecological
improvement as reduced chemical use lessens health risks like balance, sustainable practices, and holistic health:
skin irritation and gastrointestinal issues. Economically,
organic farming offers long-term benefits, including food  Improvement of Soil Health (97.4%):
security, diversification, and growing market opportunities, The Rishi Krishi model advocates the use of organic
despite initial challenges such as limited infrastructure. These inputs, such as compost and natural fertilizers, to enhance soil
outcomes underscore the multifaceted advantages of organic fertility. This aligns with the finding that organic farming
farming in promoting ecological and social well-being. improves soil structure, water retention, and biodiversity.
Rishi Krishi principles recognize the soil as a living entity that
must be nurtured to sustain long-term agricultural
productivity.

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ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14576759

 Increased Awareness (89.7%):  Contribution to Holistic Health Consciousness and

Rishi Krishi promotes an understanding of the Sustainable Farming
interconnectedness of farming practices with environmental The study revealed that Rishi Krishi farming practices,
and human health. The increased awareness among farmers which include organic farming, crop diversification, and
about the harmful effects of chemicals mirrors the Rishi Krishi composting, have significantly enhanced the soil quality,
ethos of integrating traditional knowledge and ecological improved crop yields, and reduced dependency on chemical
consciousness into farming practices. inputs. This reflects the principle of cultivating harmony with
nature, where health-conscious practices are directly linked to
 Improvement of Animal Health (64.1%): farming methods that prioritize environmental sustainability.
Organic farming practices that reduce chemical inputs The principles not only boost farm productivity but also
contribute to healthier livestock, consistent with the Rishi cultivate a more health-conscious mindset among farmers,
Krishi approach, which emphasizes harmony between fostering a deep connection to their food and surroundings.
humans, animals, and the environment. This reflects the
broader One Health perspective embedded within Rishi  Integration of Rishi Krishi with the One Health
Krishi, recognizing the interdependence of all forms of life. Framework
The integration of Rishi Krishi with the One Health
 Enhancement of Human Health (56.4%): framework emerged as a significant factor in improving health
By avoiding synthetic chemicals and prioritizing natural outcomes across the community. As the One Health approach
farming methods, Rishi Krishi practices promote human connects human, animal, and environmental health, it was
health through the cultivation of toxin-free crops. This aligns found that healthier soils and plants led to healthier livestock
with the study’s finding that organic farming reduces health and, in turn, healthier farmers and consumers. The community
risks, contributing to the overall well-being of farmers and reported fewer health issues like skin irritation, digestive
their families. problems, and respiratory issues, which are commonly
associated with the use of chemicals in conventional farming.
B. Explanation of the Findings Furthermore, the holistic nature of Rishi Krishi encourages a
The findings highlight how organic farming, rooted in systemic view of health, where the environment plays an
the Rishi Krishi philosophy, is a multi-dimensional process essential role in maintaining public well-being.
that nurtures not only the environment but also the health of
communities. The principles of Rishi Krishi emphasize that VII. RESEARCH FINDINGS
sustainable farming practices must protect and enhance the
natural ecosystem while ensuring the well-being of all living The findings from the study highlight the significant
beings. impacts of organic farming aligned with Rishi Krishi
principles. Key outcomes include:
The improvement in soil health demonstrates the
ecological benefits of composting and organic fertilizers, A. Soil Health:
foundational to Rishi Krishi. Increased awareness reflects the Organic practices such as composting and using natural
role of traditional agricultural wisdom in fostering a more fertilizers greatly enhance soil quality, improving fertility,
profound understanding of sustainability and interconnection. structure, and biodiversity, essential for sustainable
Improved livestock health and human health outcomes agriculture.
emphasize the systemic nature of Rishi Krishi, where the
health of the soil directly influences the health of plants, B. Environmental and Health Awareness:
animals, and humans. Farmers and communities showed increased
understanding of the negative effects of synthetic chemicals,
This holistic integration, as illustrated by the findings, fostering a shift toward environmentally sustainable practices.
underscores the essence of "Cultivating Harmony and
Harvesting Health." Organic farming based on Rishi Krishi C. Animal Health:
principles not only leads to tangible environmental benefits Reduced chemical exposure in organic farming led to
but also fosters a broader cultural and health-oriented healthier livestock and fewer diseases, aligning with the
transformation within communities, ensuring long-term interconnected principles of the One Health approach.
resilience and sustainability.
D. Human Health:
As summarizing the findings , the study highlight the By minimizing harmful chemical usage, farmers and
transformative effects of Rishi Krishi principles in promoting their families experienced fewer health issues, promoting
holistic health and sustainable farming: overall well-being.

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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14576759

These outcomes emphasize the alignment of organic [5]. Chalise, K. R. (2014). Scope of Śrīkṛṣṇāgaṇḍakī Basin in
farming with Rishi Krishi principles, highlighting their role in Context to Field-museum of Nepalese Water Culture
fostering ecological harmony and enhancing holistic health. [Doctoral dissertation, Nepal Sanskrit University].
This integration supports the vision of "Cultivating [6]. Chatterjee, S., & Khadgi, R. (2020). Traditional
Harmony and Harvesting Health," bridging traditional agricultural practices and sustainability in Nepal. Asian
agricultural wisdom with contemporary sustainability needs. Journal of Environment and Agriculture Research, 2(3),
45–55.
VIII. CONCLUSION [7]. FAO. (2011). The State of the World’s Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture. Food and
The research in Aadhikhola, Nepal, highlights the Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
transformative potential of organic farming, rooted in Rishi [8]. FAO. (2021). "The State of Food and Agriculture 2021."
Krishi principles, to foster sustainable agriculture and holistic Food and Agriculture Organization.
health. The findings demonstrate improvements in soil health, [9]. FiBL & IFOAM. (2024). The World of Organic
enhanced awareness of sustainability, and better health Agriculture: Statistics and Emerging Trends. Research
outcomes for humans and animals. Readers are encouraged to Institute of Organic Agriculture.
support eco-friendly practices and advocate for healthier food [10]. FIBL. (2019). Organic farming statistics and research
systems, while the government is urged to integrate traditional updates. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture.
agricultural wisdom with modern sustainability frameworks [11]. Frawley, D. (1999). Ayurveda and the Mind: The
through investments in education, infrastructure, and Healing of Consciousness. Lotus Press.
supportive policies. These collective efforts align with the [12]. Gautam, Y., Andersen, P., & Vetaas, O. R. (2021).
vision of "Cultivating Harmony and Harvesting Health," Livelihood diversification and adaptation strategies in
ensuring a balanced and resilient future for communities and agrarian communities of Nepal. Journal of Rural Studies,
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[13]. International Federation of Organic Agriculture
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Movements. (2024). The four principles of organic
agriculture. https://www.ifoam.bio
We sincerely thank ASK-Nepal for facilitating the field [14]. Kumar, M. V. (2023). Reviewing agricultural insights of
arrangements and providing a research grant (2021) for Kṛṣiparāśara for sustainable farming and
sociology students at Prithwi Narayan Campus, Pokhara. conservation. Sadvidya Journal of Research in
Special thanks to Shiva Bahadur Thapa, Head of the Sanskrit, 17(1), 7–10. Retrieved from
Department, Prof. Than Bahadur Chhetri, and Dr. Kulraj https://www.informaticsjournals.co.in/index.php/sadvidy
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 About the Authors: [16]. Lonnie, J. K., Larry, R. A., Carina, G. B., Michael, J. B.,
 Juna Devi Pun: She completed her MA in Sociology from Elizabeth, A. L., Leonard, C. M. (2008). Executive
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 Ramchandra Baral (PhD): A sociology teacher at Report. The Anerican Veterinary Medical Association ,
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Volume 9, Issue 12, December – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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