S.

NO TYPE OF FORMATION OF MAIN DEFICIT FOUND IN INDIA

1. Alluvial soil Consists of various Potash, Phosphoric Nitrogen, Humus Eastern coastal plain,
properties such as sand, acid and lime and Phosphorous Deltas of Mahanadi,
silt and clay deposited on alkaline in nature Krishna and
the three rivers Godavari. Along the
Indus ,Ganga and foot hills of
Brahmaputra. In the Himalaya, Punjab,
upper reaches of river Haryana, W. UP,
valley near foot hills of Bihar, West Bengal
the valley such as Duars, and Assam . Due to
Chos and terai. its high fertility
intensive farming has
been done
2. Black soil, It is the formation of lava Calcium Nitrogen, Plateau of
Regur soil, in the deccan plateau carbonate, Phosphoric acid, Maharashtra,
Cotton soil region. It is made up of magnesium organic matter Saurashtra, Malwa,
fine clayey material well carbonate, potash humus M.P and Chattisgarh
known to hold moisture. and lime. and in the south east
It is sticky when wet and direction along the
difficult to tilt and Godavari, Krishna
develop, crack during hot
weather or when it get
dried up.
3. Red and These soils develop due Iron, aluminium Lime, phosphate, Western Tamil Nadu,
Yellow soil to prolong weathering of and organic matter magnesia and Karnataka, Southern,
old crystalline rock less porous in nature humus Maharashtra,
 fertile Develops reddish Chattishgarh,
colour due to diffusion of Telangana, A.P, and
iron in crystalline and odisha
metamo rphic rock and
looks yellow when it
occurs in a hydrated form
found mainly in areas of
low rainfall
4. It develops in areas with Iron contents and Lime magnesium, Karnataka, Kerala,
Laterite soil high temperature heavy aluminum phosphate, Tamil Nadu M.P. and
rainfall humus contents is nitrogen , humus hilly areas of Assam
low because most of the and potash and Odisha
micro-bacteria get
destroyed due to high
temperature leaching is
very common due to
heavy rainfall.
5. Arid oil When the diurnal Sandy textile and Humus, moisture W. Rajasthan,
temperature changes salinity due to dry climate Haryana, Punjab and
mechanically disintegrate i.e high Extends upto Rann of
rocks, wind blown and temperature and Kutch in Gujarat
the root of plants break evaporation
up root particles. The
lower horizons of the soil
are occupied by Kankar.
6. Forest soil Found in hilly & Soil texture varies Potash, Northern plain
mountaineous areas. They according to the Phosphorous and beginning of plain
are loamy and silty in height of the lime from Punjab to West
valley sides & coarse mountain porous Bengal Jammu +
grained in upper slopes. and acidic in Kashmir, Himachal
In lower valleys along nature & rich in Pradesh + Arunachal
with the river terraces. It humus. Pradesh
is fertile