1. The time taken by the relay to operate after it has sensed the fault.

TIME DELAY

2. The relay contacts are designed for lightweight and hence they are therefore very delicate. When
the protective relay closes its contacts, it is relieved from other duties such as time lag, tripping,
etc.

What relay perform this duty?

SEALING RELAYS

3. The pickup value of the currentLinks to an external site. can be adjusted to the required level in
the relays. It is achieved by the use of tappings on the relay coil, which is brought out to a plug
bridge. The tap values are expressed in terms of the percentage full load rating of the current
transformerLinks to an external site. (C.T) with which the relay is associated.

CURRENT SETTING

4. The fault which does not involve earth. Example: Line to Line FaultLinks to an external site..

PHASE FAULT

5.The fault involving earth. The examples of earth fault are single line to ground fault, double line to
ground fault, etc.

EARTH FAULT

6. An interconnection of circuit breakers, trip circuit, CT., and other protective relaying equipment
for the protection of a power system.

PROTECTIVE SYSTEM

7. The combination of various protective systems covering a particular zone for a piece of
equipment. For example, a generator may be provided with protective systems like overcurrent,
differential, earth fault, etc. The combination of all these systems is called a generator protective
scheme.

PROTECTIVE SCHEME

8. A protective system in which the protection zone is clearly defined by the CT. boundaries. Such
systems work for internal faults only.

UNIT PROTECTION

9. This term is used for at least two different purposes, one to describe the accuracy of a device and
the other to specify the accuracy of a measurement.

ACCURACY

10. This term is used to define the quality of the steady-state performance of a current transformer.

ACCURACY CLASS
11. An index that expresses the attribute of a protective relay or a system to operate correctly for
situations in which it is designed to operate. This also includes the attribute of not operating
(incorrectly) for all other situations.

RELIABILITY

12. The aspect of reliability that expresses the degree of certainty that a relay will operate correctly.

DEPENDABILTY

13.The aspect of reliability that expresses the degree of certainty that a relay will not operate
incorrectly irrespective of the nature of the operating state of the power system.

SECURITY

14. This term is used to express different attributes of devices. One definition expresses it as a ratio
of the response of the device to the change of the input. In the power system protection field, it is
the minimum value of an input (or change of an input) that would cause a relay to operate.

RELIABILITY

15. The protection system that is designed to operate before other devices respond to a
disturbance due to its sensitivity and speed.

PROTECTIVE RELAYS

16. The protection provided by relays as a second line of defense.

BACKUP PROTECTION

17. The protection provided for a power system equipment of bulk transmission systems that are
often protected with dual primary relays. Both primary protection systems are kept independent of
each other as far as possible. Depending on the protection philosophy adopted, each protection
system may be connected to its own CTs, VTs, relays, trip coilsLinks to an external site. of circuit
breakers, and batteries.

DUAL PROTECTION

18. The circuit diagrams used in power systems use nomenclatures and a number for the specific
devices as specified in the ANSI/IEEE Standard C37.2.

A number is assigned for each type of relay and instrument. The phases are identified as A, B, C, or
a, b, c. The numerals 1, 2, and 3 are not used because 1 is used to identify positive sequence
quantities and 2 is used to identify negative sequence quantities.

DEVICE NUMBER

19. What is the device number for the instantaneous overcurrent relay?

50
20. What is the device number for the AC time overcurrent relay?

51

21.What is the device number for the differential relay?

87

22. What is the device number for the distance relay?

21

23. The failure of a circuit breaker to interrupt fault current following the attempt to energize its trip
coil by a protective relay.

BREAKER FAILURE

24. This is the condition in which one pole of a three-phase circuit breaker is open while the
remaining poles are closed. It also includes the condition in which two poles of a three-phase
circuit breaker are open while the remaining pole is closed. Such conditions cause negative-
sequence currents to flow in the equipment controlled by the circuit breaker.

POLE DISAGREEMENT

25. A phenomenon where a flashover across an open or partially open pole of a three-phase circuit
breaker can occur due to lightning, switching surges, or loss of dielectric in a pressurized
interrupter.

POLE FLASHOVER

26. When a single-phase fault is experienced on a system, fault current flows in one phase only. In
many situations, only one pole of the circuit breaker controlling a line is opened during these faults.

OPEN CIRCUIT FAULTS

27. It is an electrical device designed to initiate isolation of a part of an electrical installation or to

operate an alarm signal, in the event of an abnormal condition or a fault.

PROTECTIVE RELAY

28. It is an electrical quantity, i.e. current or voltage either alone or in combination with other
electrical quantities, required for the operation of the relay.

ENERGIZING QUANTITY

29. It is a circuit that controls the circuit breaker for opening operation and comprises of the trip
coil, relay contacts, auxiliary switch, seal-in-coil, battery supply, etc.

TRIP CIRCUIT
30. This is a quantity to which the relay is designed to respond, e.g. current in an over-current relay,
the impedance in an impedance relay, phase angle in a directional relay, etc. Some relays have a
calibrated response to one or more quantities, called the characteristic quantities.

CHARACTERISTIC QUANTITY

31. It is a force (or torque) that tends to close the relay contacts.

OPERATING FORCE OR TORQUE

32. It is a force (or torque) that opposes the operating force (or torque) and tends to prevent the
closure of relay contacts.

RESTRAINING FORCE OR TORQUE

33. It is an actual value of the energizing or characteristic quantity at which the relay is designed to
operate under given conditions.

SETTING

34. It is the value of power consumed by the relay circuits at the rated current or voltage and
expressed in VA for ac and Watts for dc.

POWER CONSUMPTION (OR BURDEN) OF A RELAY

35. A relay is said to pick up when it moves from the off position to the on position or the operation
of the relay.

PICK-UP

36. It is the value of actuating quantity (current or voltage) which is the threshold (border) above
which the relay operates and closes its contacts. So long as the current in the relay is less than the
pick-up value, the relay does not operate and the breaker controlled by it remains in the closed
position. However, when the relay coil current is equal or exceeds the pick-up value, the relay
operates to energize the trip coil which opens the circuit breaker.

OPERATING OR PICK-UP LEVEL

37. This is the value of current or voltage below which a relay opens its contacts and comes back to
its original position. The ratio of the drop-out or reset value to the pick-up or operating value.

DROP-OUT OR RESET LEVEL

38. It is a visual device, usually spring or gravity-operated for indicating the operation of the relay.

FLAG OR TARGET

39. It is the given by the time which elapses between the instant when the actuating quantity
exceeds the pick-up value to the instant when the relay contacts close.

OPERATING TIME
40. It is given by the time which elapses between the instant when the actuating quantity becomes
less than the reset value to the instant when the relay returns to its original position.

RESET TIME

41. It is a coil that is provided not to allow the relay contacts to open when the current is flowing
through them.

SEAL-IN-COIL

42. It is also called the Characteristic Angle of Relay. This is the design angle of the relay that will
yield maximum torque.

MAXIMUM TORQUE ANGLE

43. This is the time during which stored operating energy is dissipated after the characteristic
quantity has been suddenly restored from a specified value to the value which it had at the initial
position of the relay.

OVERSHOOT TIME

44. Time elapsed between the instant of occurrence of fault and instant of final arc extinction in
circuit breaker is called the fault clearing time.

FAULT CLEARING TIME

45. The time interval between the closure of the trip circuit and the final arc extinction in the circuit
breaker.

BREAKER TIME

46. The interval between the occurrence of fault and closure of relay contacts.

RELAY TIME

47. It is the accuracy with which the relay can repeat its electrical or time characteristics.

CONSISTENCY

48. A distance relay operates whenever the impedance seen by the relay is less than a pre-specified
value.

REACH

49. The tendency of the relay to operate at impedances larger than its setting. This can occur with
some high-speed relays if the current applied is not symmetrical, as is frequently the case during
the first few cycles following a fault.

OVER-REACH
50. The extra impedance introduced by an arc into the loop affects the distance measured by the
relay and causes it to under-reach. It is the reverse of over-reach and may be defined as the failure
of distance relay to operate within the set protected distance say 90%.

UNDER-REACH

51. Protective relays can be designed to respond to

Group of answer choices

Temperature

Resistance, reactance or impedance

All of the choices ZZZ

Light intensity

52. Protective relays are the devices that detect abnormal conditions in electrical circuits by
measuring

Group of answer choices

Voltage

Constantly the electrical quantities which differ during normal and abnormal conditions ZZZ

None of these choices

Current

53.The protective relays is provided to

Group of answer choices

Close the contacts when the actuating quantity attains a certain predetermined value ZZZ

Earth any stray voltage

Limit the arcing current during the circuit breaker operation

Provide additional safety to the circuit breaker in its operation

54. For the protection of a very long extra-high-voltage lines, the productive relay used is

Group of answer choices

Over currently with extremely inverse characteristics

Percentage differential relay

Reactance type distance relay

Mho type distance relay ZZZ

55. Burden of a protective relay is the power

Group of answer choices

Developed by the relay circuit

rating of the circuit breaker

Absorbed by the circuit of relay ZZZ

Required to operate the circuit breaker

56.Buchholz relay is

Group of answer choices

Connected in the pipe connecting main tank of transformer and conservator ZZ

Installed in the circuit breaker

Located in the transformer tank itself

Located in the conservator tank

57. Buchholz relays are used on

Group of answer choices

Air cooled Transformers

Instrument Transformers

Oil immersed power transformers of ratings above 500 kVA ZZZ

Distribution transformers

58. Buchholz relay cannot be used on

Group of answer choices

1000 KV transformer

500 KV transformers

Three-phase transformers

Air cooled transformers ZZZ

59. Buchholz relay is a.......relay

Group of answer choices

Arc quenching

Temperature actuated

Oil immersed

Gas actuated ZZZ

60. Buchholz relay can detect faults..........oil level in the transformer.

Group of answer choices

same

upper

none of these choices

below ZZZ

61. Distance relays are generally

Group of answer choices

Split phase relays

Reactance relays

Impedance relays

None of these choices ZZZ

62. Which of the following relay is/are overload relays?

Group of answer choices

Induction

Electromagnetic

Thermal

All of these choices ZZZ

63. A Mho relay is a

Group of answer choices

Voltage restrained over current relay

Voltage restrained directional relay ZZZ

Directional restrained over-current relay

Directional restrained over voltage relay

64. Mho relay is usually employed for the protection of

Group of answer choices

Medium lines only

Short lines only

Long lines only ZZZ

Short and medium lines only

65. Which of the following relay has inherent directional characteristics?

Group of answer choices

Impedance

Mho ZZZ

Reactance

Susceptance

66. For the protection of a very long extra high voltage line, the protective relay used is

Group of answer choices

Mho type distance relay ZZZ

Over current with extremely inverse characteristics

Percentage differential relay

Reactance type distance relay

67. The torque produced in shaded pole structure induction type relay is

Group of answer choices

Proportional to the square of the current ZZZ

Inversely proportional to the current

Proportional to the current

Inversely proportional to the square of the current

68. The most efficient torque producing actuating structure for induction type relays is

Group of answer choices

Induction type structure ZZZ

Watt hour meter structure

Single induction loop structure

Shaded pole structure

69. Admittance relay is.......relay

Group of answer choices

Reactance

Nondirectional

Directional ZZZ

Impedance

70. An electrical device that permits a small amount of electrical current to control high current
loads.

RELAY
REFERENCES
#1-26: FA compilation.pdf
#27-50: elective-2-reviewer-sa-1-part-i.pdf
#51-69 : Induction Type Relay objective questions (mcq) and answers
(mechanicaltutorial.com)