CHEMISTRY MINOR COURSE STRUCTURE (Theory) Semester | Paper Code Paper Name Brief Descriptions Tor3 | CHEM-H-CCI-I-Th | Chemistry Trani araro xo and Feo Has ‘Or MINOR af Organic Chemistry Bending and Physieal Properties, Caer cometh. Strict Hemodyanmis Chemie Tord | CHENACGITh | Chemistry ane Theory and Gaara ate, Chena Doni Or MINOR Siereocheni CHEM-H-CC2-Th 5 CHEM-H-CC4S-Th_| Chemistry Sie, SA, Acd-Bave, Tautomeriom, Substation, MINOR liination, Addition to alkenes, dienes, alkynes 6 Chemistry ‘Chemical Bonding Acs and bases, Theoretical MINORAV principles of inorganic qualitative analysis Note 1: The above course structure for Minor is applicable to students admitted in 4-year Honours / Honours with Research course with Major different from Chemistry Note 2: A student will have to take 8 Minor courses from 2 subjects (MI and M2) from the same broad discipline as the Major excluding the Major subject. Students have to study 4 minor courses in the first two inor courses in the 3% year (2 in each semester). years (1 in each semester) and 4 For example: A student with Chemistry Minor have two options for choosing Chemistry from Semesters 1 t0 4 Option-1: A. student can take CHEM-H-CC1-1-Th in semester-I and CHEM-H-CC2-2-Th in semester -IL or, Option 2: A student can take CHEM-H-CC1-3-Th in semester-III and CHEM-H-CC2-4-Th in semester IV No other combinations of CHEM-H-CC1-I-Th and CHEM-H-CC2-2-Th will be allowed. In the semesters 1 & 2 minor papers from the same subject has to be chosen, eg either MI or M2. In semesters 3 & 4 the other subject, not chosen previously has to be chosen, Note 3: In the 3" year (in semesters 5 & 6) (wo minor subjects in each semester will have to be taken from two different subjects.CHEMISTRY MINOR COURSE STRUCTURE (Practical) ‘Semester | Paper Code Paper Name Brief Descriptions Tor3 | CHEM-H-CCI-l-P | Chemistry MINOR: [ie Train, Oxidation Reduction TRC. Or CHEM-H-CCL-3-P Bord | CHEM-H-CC22-P | Chemistry MINOR-II | Todo dine Tiratons Estimation of meal conteat ae in some selective sample. CHEM-H-CC2-4-P 3 | CHEM-H-CC4S-P | Chemistry MINOR-IT | Wentfcation of Single organic Compound © | CHEM-H-CCS.6-P | Chemistry MINOICHEMISTRY MINOR PAPER : CHEM-H-CCI-I-Th Or CHEM-H-CCL-3-Th (Credit : Theory -03, Practical - 01) Chemistry Minor - I Theory: (45 Lectures) Module: 1 Extra nuclear structure of atoms and Periodi (1S Lectures) Wave-Particle duality: de Broglie hypothesis. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Introducing Sehrédinger equation Hydrogen and hydrogen like systems ( detailed solution not required) Concept of Atomic Orbital ; shapes of s, p and orbitals . Radial and angular distribution curves. Extension to multielectronic systems. Aufbau principle and its limitations ; Pauli’s exclusion principle ; Hund’s rules and multiplicity. Effective nuclear charge. Shielding and penetration; Slater's rule. ‘The general idea about modern periodic table, atomic and ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity and electro negativity ~defintion, trends of variation in periodic table and their application in explaining and predicting the chemical behavior of clements and compounds. Electroncgativity scales ( Pauling’s, Mulliken’sand Allred-Rochow’s scales). Inert pair effect. Module : Basics of Organic Chemistry Bonding and Physical Properties: (10 Lectures) Valence Bond Theory ‘Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, Concept of hybridisation, shapes and structures of molecules, double bond equivalent (DBE), Resonance (including hyperconjugation) and Resonance energy. Electronic displacements Inductive effect, bond polarization and bond polarizability; steric effect, steric inhibition of resonance. MO Theory Qualitative idea about molecular orbitals, bonding and antibonding interactions, idea about 6, 0%, x, x *, n ~ MOs; concept of HOMO, LUMO and SOMO; sketch and energy levels of x MOs of i) acyclic p orbital system (C conjugated diene, triene, allyl and pentadienyl systems) ii) cyclic p orbital system (neutral systems: [4], [6] annulenes; charged systems: 3-4-,5-7 membered ring systems); Hiickel’s rules for aromaticity up to [8] annulene; ‘concept of antiaromaticity; non-aromatic molecules. 29Physical properties Melting poinvboiling point and solubility of common organic compounds in terms of covalent & non-covalent intermolecular forces; polarity of molecules and dipole moments, Stereochemistry ~1 Lectures) Bonding geometries of carbon compounds and representation of molecules: tetrahedral nature of earbon and concept of asymmetry; Fischer, sawhorse, flying wedge and Newman projection formulae and their inter translations. Concept of chirality and symmetry: symmetry elements, molecular chirality and centre of chirality; asymmetric and dissymmetrie molecules; enantiomers and diastereomers; concept of stereogenicity, chiral centres and number of stereoisomers: systems involving 1/2-chiral centre(s). Module : 111 Thermodynamics (© Lectures) Conceptof systems (open , closed and isolated) and surroundings . State ofa system; Intensive and extensive variables. Partial derivatives, Exact and inexact differentials. Path function and State function, Concept of heat and work. zeroth law of thermodynamics. Concept of thermodynamic reversibility. Concept of intemal energy and 1" law of thermodynamics. Enthalpy and heat capacity, Relations between Cy and C, . Isothermal and Adiabatic processes ; Calculations of AU , AFT, q and w involving ideal gases in different processes, Enthalpy of reaction, Hess’s law, Enthalpy of formation and combustion, Kirchhoff’s equation, Chem Kinetics-I: (6 Lectures) Concept of order and molecularty. Rate laws for ero , 1" and 2 order reaetions and in general for any n-th order reaction. Determination of order ofa reaction by half-life and differential methods, Rate determining step and steady stale approximation. Opposing, Consecutive and parallel reactions (frst order steps only):Femperature dependence of rate constant and Arrhenius equation Recommended Text Books: Lee J.D. Concse inorganic Chemisty.S* Ed Atkins, Overton, Rourke, Waller, Armstrong 00, 1. Organic Chemistry (Volunve 1), 6 Elin , Pearson Educa Shes P. A idebook to Mechaaton in Organic Chemistry asiuri D. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, 4” Elion, New Age International Pvt Lid , 2020, Levine, N. Physical Chemistry, 6 Edition MeGrav-Mll India, 2011, ey India Pvt. Lt, 2008. vee Atkins Inorganie Chenistey 5* Bd, Oxford University Press ® Edition, Oxford University Press, 2018 30Practical : (30 Lectures) PAPER: CHEM-H-CCI-1-P Or CHEM-H-CC1-3-P (1) Calibration and use of apparatus (2) Preparation of primary standard solutions (Oxalic Acid and K2Cr:O+ ) Acid-Base Titrations: @) Standardization of NaOH standard oxalic acid solution (4) Estimation of Carbonate and bicarbonate present together in a mixture (5) Estimation of acetic acid in commercial Vinegar. Ovidation-Reduction Titrimetry: (6) Standardization of KMnO. standard Oxalie Acid solution (7) estimation of Fe(I) using standardized KMn0s solution (S) Estimation of (Il) tsng standard KC salsion (9) Estimation of Fe(H1) and Fe(II) in a given mixture using standard K.Cr.0; solution. Reference Books: 1. Mendham, J, . ‘Vogel's Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ea, Pearson, 2009, 2 Practical Workbook Chesmisty (i amis 49), UGBOS, Chemisty, University of Cate CHEMISTRY MINOR PAPER : CHEM-H-CC2-3-Th Or CHEM-H-CC2-4-Th, (Credit : Theory -03, Practical - 01) Chemistry Minor - II Theory: (45 Lectures) Module : 1 Kinetic Theory and Gas Concept of pressure and temperature from kinetic theory of gas. Nature of distribution of veloc distribution of speeds in one, two and three dimensions; Kinetic energy distribution in one, two and three dimensions, calculations of average, root mean square and most probable values in each case; Collision of gas molecules; Collision nus state: (8 Lectures) Maxwell's andiameter; Collision number and mean free path; Frequeney of binary collisions (similar and different molecules); Wall collision and rate of effusion Calculation of number of molecules baving energy > €, Principle of equipartition of ceneray and its application to ealeulate the classical limit of molar heat capacity of gases. Real gas and Virial equation: (7 Lectures) Deviation of gases from ideal behavior; compressibility factor; Boyle temperature; Andrew's and Amagat's plots; van der Waals equation and its features; its derivation and application in explaining real gas behavior, other equations of sate ; Existence of critical state, Critical constants in terms of van der Waals constants; Law of corresponding states; Virial equation of state; van der Waals equation expressed in virial form and significance of second virial coefficient; Intermolecular forees (Debye, Keesom and London interactions: Lennard-Jones potential - elementary idea. Modul ‘Chemical Bonding — a (15 Lectures) {) Tonic bond: General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio rule and its application and fimit Packing of fons in crystals, Born-Lande equation with derivation and importance of Kapustinskii expression for lattice energy. Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle and its application, Solvation encrgy. Defects in solids (elementary idea), Solubility energetic of dissolution process. ii) Covalent bond: Polarizing power and polarizabily, ionic potential, Fajan’s rules, Lewis structures, formal charge, ‘Valence Bond Theory, The hydrogen molecule (Heitler ~ London approach), directional character of covalent bonds, hybridizations, equivalent and non-equivalent hybrid orbitals, Bent's rules, dipole moments, VSEPR theory, shapes of molecules and ions containing lone pairs (examples from main group chemistry) and multiple bonding (6 and x ‘bond approach). Stereochemistry ~ 1: (8 Lectures) Chirotopicityand its relationship with stereogenicity; concept of pseudoasymmetry for ABA type systems. Relative and absolute configuration: R/S descriptors; ervthraithreo and meso nomenclature of compounds; EZ descriptors for C=C, combination of R/S- and EZ. isomerisms. Optical activity of chiral compounds: optical rotation, and specific rotation; racemic compounds, racemisstion (through cationic, anionic intermediates); resolution of acids and bases via diastereomeric salt formation; optical purity and enantiomeric exces. General Treatment of Rea Mechanism -I: (7 Lectures) Reactive intermediates Carbocations (carbenium and carbonium ions), non-cla and stability, structure and electrophilic / nucleophilic be ical carbocations, carbanions, carbon radicals: generation wiour of reactive intermediates (clementary idea). Reaction thermodynamics Free energy and equilibrium, enthalpy and entropy factor, calculation of enthalpy change via BDE, intermolecular & intramolecular reactions. 32Reaction kineties Rate constant and fee energy of activation; free energy profiles for one-step, and two-step reactions; catalyzed ns, principle of mieroscopic reversibility; Hammond’s postulate. Substitution reaction Free-radical substitution reaction: halogenation of alkanes, mechanism (with evidence) and stereochemical features; reaetivity-selectivity principle in the light of Hammond’s postulate. Recommended Text Books: Lee J.D, Concise organie Chemisty.S® Ed, Wiley India Pvt, Ltd, 2008, ‘Atkins, Overton, Rourke, Weller, Armstrong: Shriver & Atkin” Inorganic Chemistry, 5" Ha, Oxford University Press oy. Finars1 1. Organie Chemistry (Valume 1), 6” Bltion, Pearson Education 2002 ‘Sykas,P-A guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education, 2003, Nasu, D Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, 4 lion, New Age International Pvt Lid , 2020, Levine, LN. Physieal Chemistry, 6" Editon MeGrav-Hil India, 201 Gaselan, 2004 Practical : (30 Lectures) PAPER: CHEM-H-CC2-3-P Or CHE! -HCC24-P (1) Standardization of Na2$:0, solution against standard KxCrxO, solution, Todo~/ Todimetriec Titrations (2) Estimation of Vitamin C (3) Estimation of (i) arsenite and (ii) antimony iodimetrically (4) Estimation of available chlorine in bleaching powder, Estimation of metal cont in some selective samples (5) Estimation of Cu in brass, (6) Estimation of Crand Mn in Steel (7) Estimation of Fe in cement Reference Books: 1. Mendham, J, A.1. Vogels Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Fa, Pearson, 2009 2. Practical Workbook Chemistry (Honours), UGBOS, Chemistry, University of Caleuta, 2015, 33CHEMISTRY MINOR PAPER : CHEM-H-CC4-5-Th (Credit : Theory -03, Practical -01) Chemistry Minor- III ‘Theory: (45 Lectures) Module 1 Aromatic Substitution: (12 Lectures) jc substitution Mechanisms and evidences in favour of it including PKIE; orientation and reactivity; reactions: nitration, nitrosation, sulfonation, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts reaction; one-carbon electrophiles (reactions: chloromethylation, Houben- Hoesch, Vilsmeier-Haack, Reimer-Tiemann, Kalbe-Schmicl); Ipso substitution, aromatic substitution tation mechanism and evidences in fayour of it; Syl mechanism; cine substitution (benzyne ‘mechanism), structure of benzyne. Nueleoph Addition-eim Birch Reduction of benzenoid aromatics Benzene, Alkylbenzene, Anisole, Benzoie acid (with mechanism). General Treatment of Reaction Mechanism —11: Lec Concept of organic acids and bases Concept of pK, and pK.u, effect of structure, substituent and solvent on acidity and basicity; proton sponge, ‘Tautomerism Basic difference between tautomerism and resonance, prototropy (keto-enol, phenol-keto); composition of the equilibrium in different systems (simple carbonyl; 1,2- and 1,3-dicarbonyl systems, phenols and related systems), factors affecting keto-enol tautomerism, basic ideas about valence tautomerism and ring-chain tautomerism. Module : 1 sation Reactions: (13 Lectures) ‘substitution reactions Substitution at sp° centrefsystems: alkyl halides, allyl halides, benzyl halides, aleohols, ethers, epoxides, a- halocarbonyls}:mechanisms (with evidence),relative rates & stereochemical features: Syl, Sy2, $x2', Syl" (allylic rearrangement) and Si effects of solvent, substrate structure, leaving group and nucleophiles (including ambident nucleophiles, cyanide & nitrite); substitutions involving NGP (with heteroatoms and phenyl groups). 34Elimination reactions El, E2, EleB and Ei (pyrolytic syn eliminations); formation of alkenes and alkynes; mechanisms (with evidence), reactivity, regioselectivity (Saytvef/Hofinann) and stereoselectivity: comparison between substitution and climination reactions , comparison between nucleopbilicity and basicity. Module : (Chemistry of alkenes and alkynes: (12 Lectures) Addition to C=C Mechanism (with evidence wherever applicable), reactivity, regioselectivity (Markownikof¥ and anti-Markownikof® additions) and stereoselectivity; reactions: hydrogenation, halogenation, hydrohalogenation, hydration, ‘oxymercuration-demercuration, hydroboration-oxidation, cpoxidation, syn and_anti-hydroxylation, ozonolysis, addition of singlet and triplet carbenes; Simmons-Smith eyclopropanation reaction; electrophilic addition to 1,3- butadiene; concept of kinetic and thermodynamic control of products; radical addition: HBr addition; mechanism of allylic and benzylie bromination in competition with brominations across C=C: use of NBS; interconversion of E and Zalkones. Addition to C=C (in comparison to C=C) Mechanism, reactivity, regioselectivity (Markownikoif and anti-Markownikoff addition) and stereoselectivity: reaetions: hydrogenation, Hg) ion catalysed hydration, hydroboration-oxidation, dissolving metal reduction of alkynes (Birch); reactions of terminal alkynes by exploring its acidity. Recommended Text Books: 1 Finar, LL Organic Chemistry (Volume 1), 6° Edition, Pearson Education, 2002 2. Sphes, PA guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemisty, Pearson Eduction, 203, 3. Morrison, RN. & Boyd R.N- and Bhattacharjee, Organic Chemistry, ™ Edition , Pearson Education , 2010 Practical (30 Lectures) PAPER: CHEM-H-CC4-3-P Identification of Pure S ingle organic Compound. Solid compounds: Onalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, suceinie acid, resorcinol, urea, glucose, cane sugar, benzoie acid and salicylic acid Liquid Compounds: Formie acid, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol, acetone, aniline, dimethylanitine, benzaldehyde, chloroform and nitrobenzene Reference Books: 1 Practical Workbook Chemistry (Honours), UGBOS, Chemistry, University of Caleut 2. Furniss, Hannaford, Smith, Tatcoll Vogel’ Teathook of Practical Organic Chemistry $° Fltion , Pearson tdi, 2003 35CHEMISTRY MINOR PAPER : CHEM-H-CCS-6-Th (Credit : Theory -03, Practical - 01) Chemistry Minor -1V ‘Theory: (45 Lectures) Module : 1 Chemical bonding I: (25 Lectures) Molecular orbital concept of bonding ‘The approximations of the theory, Linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCA) (elementary pictorial approach): sigma and pi bonds and delta interaction, multiple bonding, Orbital designations: gerade, ungerade, HOMO, LUMO. Orbital mixing,. MO diagrams of He, Lis, Bea, Bs, Cs, Ns, Os, Fa, and their ions wherever possible; Heteronuclear ‘molecular orbitals: CO, NO, NO*, CN, HF, Bela, CO> and HO, Bond properties: bond orders, bond lengths. Metallic Bond Qualitative idea of valence bond and band theories. Semiconductors and insulators, defects in solids. ‘Weak Chemical Forces Hydrogen bonding (theories of hydrogen bonding, valence bond treatment), receptor-guest interactions, Halogen bonds. Effects of chemical force, melting and boiling points, Module : 1 Acids and bases: (40 Lectures) Acid-Base concept Arrhenius concept, theory of solvent system (in HO, NHs, SO2 and HF), Bronsted-Lowry’s concept, Lux Fl concept, Lewis concept, group characteristics of Lewis acids, solvent levelling and differentiating effects, Rel strength of acids, Pauling’s rules. HSAB principle. ‘Thermodynamic acidity parameters Drago-Wayland equation, Superacids, Gas phase aci ity and proton affinity Acid-base equilibria in aqueous solution Proton transfer equilibria in water, pH, bufTer. Acid-base neutralisation curves; indicator, choice of indicators, 36Module ‘Theoretical principles of inorganic qualitative analysis: (10 Lectures) Basic principles involved in analysis of cations and anions and solubility products, common ion effect. Principle involved in separation of cations into groups and choice of group reagents, Interfering anions (fluoride, borate, oxalate and phosphate) and need to remove them after Group IL Recommended Text Books: GL. Miser, D.A. Tarr, organic Chemistry 3% Edition, Pearson India, 2008, 2 A.G. Sharpe, C.E. Houscerft, Iorganie Chemistry 3” Editon Pearson India 2002 3.8. Huey, ELA. Keter, RT. Keter Okt K, Medhi, Principles of Structure 2m Fation,Pearson India, PAPER: CHEM-H-CCS-6-P Qualitative semimicro analysis of mixtures containing three radicals. Emphasis should be given to the understanding of the chemistry of different reactions. Cation Radicals: Na’, K', Ca®, Se, Bat, AP*, Cr, Mn®'/Mnt*, Fe, Cot /Co™, Ni*, Cut", Zn, Pb, Ca (Demo), Bi (Demo), Sn"/Sn*, As!'/As™, Sb" (Demo), NH’, Mg?” (Demo) Anion Radieals: F°, Cl, Br, BrOy, I, Oy, SCN’, S*, SO, NOy, NOx, PO, AsOy*, BOs, Cr / CnO7, Fe(CN)e, Fe(CN)e* Insoluble Materials: AlzOa(ig), FexOxig), CrzOA(ig), SnO2 S04, BaSO,, CaF, PDSOs Reference Book: 1. Svehla & S is, Teh Ba, Pearson, 2002. asankar , Vogels Qualitative Inorganic. Workbook Chemistry (Honours), UGBOS, Chemistry, University of Caleuti, 20 37