Solutions

Quadratic Equations

a10  2a8 10  10  2(8  8 )

Classwork Questions 
2a9 2(9  9 )

Roots and nature of roots of a 8   2  2   8   2  2 

=
quadratic equation 2   9  9 
8 (6)  8 (6)
1.
1 7
 2 + 18 = 0 = … [From (i) and (ii)]
x4 x
2(9  9 )
1 6(9  9 )
Let 2 = u, then equation reduces to =
x 2(9  9 )
u2 7u  18 = 0 =3
 (u  9) (u + 2) = 0
7.  and  are the roots of the equation
 u = 9, 2
5 x 2  6 x  2  0.
1 1 1
u=9 2 =9 =±3x=±  5 2  6  2  0
x x 3
1  5 2  6  2
u = 2  2 =  2 (non real roots)
x  5 6  65  2 4 …(i)
1
Only one root x = lies in (0, 1). and 52  6  2  0
3  5 2  6  2
2 1
 1
2
 1  56  65  24 …(ii)
2. x 3  7 x 3 + 10 = 0   x 3   7  x 3  +10 = 0 Adding (i) and (ii), we get
   
1 5   6   6   6   5  5   2   4   4 
2
Let a = x , then a  7a + 10 = 0
3
 5S6  6S5  2S4 ...  Sn   n  n 
 (a  5)(a  2) = 0
 a = 5, 2 8. Equation 3x2  6x  log 5 p = 0 has real roots
1
 x = 5, 2
3  Discriminant  0
 x = 125, 8  36 + 12 log 5 p  0  3 + log 5 p  0
3. Given equation has  log 5 p   3  p  53
Discriminant  = 25(l + m)2 + 8(l – m)2 p
1
which is positive, since l, m, n are real and l ≠ m. 125
Hence, roots are real and distinct. 1
The least value of p =
125
4. (x – a)(x – b) + (x – b)(x – c) + (x – c)(x – a) = 0
 3x2 – 2(a + b + c)x + (ab + bc + ca) = 0 9. m and n are roots of the equation
Discriminant  (x + p) (x + q)  k = 0
= 4{(a + b + c)2 – 3(ab + bc + ca)}  (x + p) (x + q)  k = (x  m) (x  n)
= 4(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ac) for all x
= 2{(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2} ≥ 0  (x  m) (x  n) + k = (x + p) (x + q)
 Both the roots are always real. for all x
 (x  m) (x  n) + k = (x  (p)) (x  (q))
5. 3 is a root of equation x2 + x + 18 = 0 for all x
 (3)2 + 3 + 18 = 0  The roots of the equation
=9 (x  m) (x  n) + k = 0 are p, q
For equal roots, discriminant of the equation
x2 + x +  = 0 is 0. 10. The roots of the equation
 81  4 = 0 x2  6ax + 2  2a + 9a2 = 0 are real
81  36a2 4(22a + 9a2) ≥ 0  a ≥ 1 … (i)
= If  is the smaller root and  is the bigger root
4
6. Since,  and  are the roots of equation of the equation, then
x2 – 6x  2 = 0. given condition   > 3
 2  6  2 = 0 … (i) 6a  8a  8
 >3
and 2  6  2 = 0 … (ii) 2

1
 

NCERT Based Maths MCQs hints

 3a  2a  2 > 3 Sum and product of the roots
 3a  3 > 2a  2 p q
1.  =1
Squaring, x p xq
9a2  18 a + 9 > 2a  2  p(x  q) + q(x  p) = (x  p) (x  q)
 9a2  20 a + 11 > 0  x2  (2p + 2q)x + 3pq = 0
 (9a  11) (a  1) > 0 If  β are the roots then  =  (Given)
11   +  = 0  2p + 2q = 0
 a < 1 or a > … (ii)
9 p+q=0
11  2p + q = p
(i) and (ii)  a >
9
2. f (2) = 0  (2)2 a + b (2) + c = 0
11. Let x2 + x + 2 = a, x2 + x + 1 = b , then  4a  2b + c = 0
a2  (m  3) ab  (m  4) b2 = 0 b c
1 + =0
 (a  b) [a  (m  4)b] = 0, a ≠ b 2a 4a
 a = (m  4) b c  b 
 (5  m) x2 + (5  m)x + (6  m) = 0, m  5 1+1+ =0… Given 2a  1
4a  
For real roots, (5  m)2  4(5  m)(6 m)  0 
c
=2
 (5  m) (3m  19)  0 4a
(m  5) (3m  19)  0 c
 =  8 = Product of the
19 a
5m ,m5 roots of f (x) = 0
3
Integer m = 6 b b
=1 = 2 = sum of the roots of f (x) = 0
2a a
12. x2 + y2 + (4  x  y)2 = 6 f (x) =0  x2 2x  8 = 0  (x  4) (x + 2) = 0
 2x2 + 2y2  8x  8y + 2xy + 10 = 0  x = 4,  2
 y2 + (x  4)y + (x2  4x + 5) = 0
For real y, (x  4)2  4(x2  4x + 5)  0 3. x4  5x3 + 10x2 + 4 = x2(x2  2x + 2)
 3x2 + 8x  4  0  3x(x2  2x + 2) + 2(x2  2x + 2)
 3x2  8x + 4  0 = (x  2x + 2) (x2  3x + 2)
2

(3x  2) (x  2)  0 The other roots are roots of x2  3x + 2 = 0

2 i.e., x = 2, 1
 x2
3 4. Given equation  x2  x + m  2 = 0
2 4 Roots are real   ≥ 0  1  4 (m 2) ≥ 0
Mm=2 =
3 3  4m  9
9
13. ac  0  ac < 0 or ac > 0 m … (i)
4
2
If ac < 0 then b  4ac > 0  P(x) = 0 has two Roots are positive  sum and product of the
real and distinct roots. roots are positive.
If ac > 0 then d 2 + 4ac > 0  Q(x) = 0 has two m2>0m>2 … (ii)
real and distinct roots. 9
(i) and (ii)  m  (2, )
4
P(x) Q(x) = 0 has four roots, two of them are 1
roots of P(x) = 0 and other two are of Q(x) = 0. 5. Here,  +  = 1 + n2,  = (1 + n2 + n4)
2
 P(x) Q(x) = 0 surely cannot have all nonreal 2 + 2 = ( + )2  2
roots.i.e., P(x) Q(x) = 0 has at least two real 1
roots. = (1 + n2)2  2. (1 + n2 + n4)
2
14. (a  6) x2  2 = 2ax + 1 = 1 + n4 + 2n2  1  n2  n4
 (a  6) x2  2ax  3 = 0 …(i) = n2
Since the two graphs do not meet, therefore (i) 6. Let the roots be  and  + 1, where  I.
must have non real roots. Then, sum of roots = 2 + 1 = b,
= 4a2 + 12(a  6) < 0 product of roots = ( + 1) = c
 a2 + 3a  18 < 0 b2  4c = (2 + 1)2  4( + 1)
 (a + 6)(a  3) < 0 = 42 + 1 + 4  42  4
 6 < a < 3 =1
22
 

Quadratic Equations
7. Let the roots be  and . Then,    = 2, 14. Here, a = 12, b =  m, c = 5
 +  = p and  = 8  2  3  ( m)2 = 12  5(2 + 3)2
( + )2  (  )2 = 4  6m2 = 1500
 p2  22 = 4(8)  m2 = 250
 p2 = 36  m = 5 10
p=6
8. Given equation  x2  8x + m + 7 = 0 Shortcut
Let the roots be , 3. Then  + 3 = 8 .....(i) If the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are in
and 32 = m + 7 .....(ii) the ratio m : n, then mnb2 = ac (m + n)2.
(i)   = 2
(ii)  3(2)2 = m + 7  m = 5 15. Here, a = 1, b =  1, c =  k
xm xn  (1)2 ( k) + ( k)2 + ( 1)3 = 3(1)( 1)( k)
9. Given, 
mx  1 nx  1   k + k2  1 = 3k
 x2 (m  n) + 2mnx + (m + n) = 0  k2  4k  1 = 0
1 k=2 5
Let the roots be  and . Then,
α
1 mn Shortcut
  =1mn=m+nn=0
 mn If one root of ax2 + bx + c = 0 is a square of
10. Let the roots be  and 2. Then the other, then a2c + ac2 + b3 = 3abc.
 + 2 = 30 and 3 = p … (i)
2
 +   30 = 0 16. Let the roots be  and .
 ( + 6)(  5) = 0 Then,  +  = 2 and 3 + 3 = 98 … (i)
  =  6, 5 3 + 3 = ( + )3  3( + )
p = 3 = ( 6)3 =  216  98 = (2)3  3(2) … [From (i)]
and p = (5)3 = 125 … [From (i)]  6 = 8  98
  =  15
b c The required equation is
11. += and  =
a a  x2  2x  15 = 0
(1 +  + 2) (1 +  + 2)
17. Since, p, q, r are in A.P.
= 1 + ( + ) + (2 + 2)+  + ( + ) + 22 2q = p + r … (i)
= 1 + ( + ) + ( + )2   +  ( + ) + ()2 1 1 
b b2 c  c   b  c 2
Also  4  4
= 1   2        2   
a a a a a a q

=
a 2
 b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ca 

p
 4  q   4r
a2 r
p
 a  b    b  c  2   c  a  2 
2

=   From (i),
2a 2 2 ( 4r) = p + r  p =  9r
12. Since, 2 and –15 are the roots of q =  4r and r = r
x2 + 17x + q = 0. Now |    | = (  ) 2  4
 q = 30 2
  q  4r q 2  4 pr
The original equation is x2 + 13x + 30 = 0. =    =
 p  p | p|
 (x + 3) (x + 10) = 0
 x = –3, –10 16r 2  36r 2 2 13
= =
|  9r | 9
13. Let the roots be  and . Then,
| | < 5 18. Given equation
 (  )2 < 5 n

 ( + )2  4 < 5

  ( x  r  1) ( x  r )  10 n
r 1

 ( a)2  4(1) < 5 …[ +  = –a,  = 1] n n

2
 nx2 + x  (2r  1)   (r 2
 r ) = 10n
 a < 9  | a | < 3  3 < a < 3 r 1 r 1

3
 

NCERT Based Maths MCQs hints

n ( n  1) n ( n  1) (2n  1) 
 nx2 + 2x   nx  3. Let =t
2 6  1
n ( n  1)  1 1 1 1
  10 n Then   1 
2  t  t
n (n 2  1) 1 t 1 t
 nx2 + n2x +  10 n   
3 t  1 t
n 2  31  satisfies x2  6x + 1 = 0
 x2 + nx + 0
3  t2 (1 + 6 + 1) + t (6 2) + 1 = 0
Let t, t + 1 be the consecutive integers.  8t2  8t + 1 = 0
Then (A quadratic equation whose roots are
2t + 1 =  n … (i)  
, .)
n 2  31  1  1
and t2 + t = 0 … (ii)
3
Common root(s) of two or more
(i) and (ii) give
2 2
equations
 n  1   n  1  n  31
   
 2   2  3 1. The condition for common roots gives
2
 n  1   n  1  n  31 (bc  a2)2 = (ca  b2)(ab  c2)
   1  
On simplification, we get a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
 2  2  3
 3 (n2  1) = 4n2  124 a 3  b3  c 3
 =3
 n2 = 121  n = 11 abc
2.    are the roots of x3 + 7x2 + ax + b = 0
Formation of a quadratic
…(i)
equation and    are roots of x3 + 5x2 + ax + c = 0
…(ii)
1. Since,  and 2 are the roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0.
   are roots of an equation which is a
  + 2 =  1 … (i)
3 combination equation (i) and (ii) i.e.,
and  = 1 … (ii)
c1  (i) + c2  (ii), where c1 and c2 are some
Now, 31 + 62 = 31(1 + 31) constants.
 31 + 62 = 30.(1 + 30.) (i)  (ii) gives 2x2 + b  c = 0   +  = 0
 31 + 62 = (3)10.(1 + (3)10.) Also, we have  +  +  =  7 and
 31 + 62 = (1 + ) … [From (ii)] ++=5
 31 + 62 =  1 … [From (i)]   =  7 and  =  5
Also, 31.62 = 93 = (3)31 = 1 The required equation is x2  ( + ) x +  = 0
The required equation is  x2 + 12x + 35 = 0
x2  (31 + 62)x + 31.62 = 0 p = 1, q = 12, r = 35  p + q + r = 48
 x2 + x + 1 = 0
3. Adding all given equations, we get
2. ,  are roots of x2  5x + 3 = 0 15(x2 + x + 1) = 0.
2 + 2 = ( + )2  2  This equation is satisfied by x = .
= 25  2 (3) = 19  2 +  + 1 = 0  2 = ( + 1)
The required equation is  3 = (2 + )
  2  2  = (1)
x2   x + 1 = 0
    3 = 1
19 Required expression
 x 2  x + 1 = 0  3x2  19x + 3 = 0 = (3)672. 2 + (3 )672.  + 1
3
Aliter: = 2 +  + 1 = 0

Let
 
=t +1=t+1

=t+1 Quadratic expressions
  
xa
5 1. Let =y
= ,  satisfies given equation. 2
x  6x  5
t1
2  yx  a = y(x2  6x + 5)
 5   5   x2y  (6y + 1)x + 5y + a = 0
   5 30
 t  1   t  1 x is real  Discriminant D  0
 3 t2  19 t + 3 = 0 … (Required equation)  (6y + 1)2  4[y(5y + 9)]  0, for all y
44
 

Quadratic Equations
 36y2+ 12y + 1  [20y2+ 4ay]  0 5. Given expression
= x(x +3) (x + 1) (x + 2)
 16y2 + (12  4a) y + 1  0 for all y = (x2 + 3x) (x2 + 3x + 2)
 Coefficient of y2 (leading coefficient) is = (x2 + 3x)2 + 2(x2 + 3x)
positive and D  0  (12  4a)2 4(16)  0 Add and subtract 1
 a2  6a + 5  0 = (x2 + 3x + 1)2  1   1
 (a  5) (a  1)  0  Least value of the expression =  1
1a5 6. Given expression > 0 for all x   < 0 as
2. y leading coefficient > 0
 4(m +3)2  4(4m + 12) < 0
y= x2  2bx + 7  (m + 3)2  4(m+ 3) < 0
 (m + 3) (m + 3  4) < 0
6
y= x2 + 2bx + 7  3 < m < 1
 The largest integral value of m = 0

1 0 1 x x2  6x  5
7. Let y =
x2  2 x  1
The least value of the expression ax2 +bx + c is
2
 (1  y) x2  (6 + 2y) x + 5  y = 0
b  b  4ac  b Since x is real, therefore
at x = and f   =
2a  2a  4a (6 +2y)2  4(1 y)(5 y)  0

4(1)(7)  (2b) 2
=6
28  4b 2
=6  9 + y2 + 6y  (y2  6y+ 5)  0
4(1) 4 1
2
 12y + 4  0  y  
 4b = 4  b = ± 1 3
1
Aliter: The least value of the expression = 
3
Given expression = (x  b )2 + (7  b2)  7  b2
Least value of the expression = 7  b2 = 6 8. || >    +  < 0  b > 0
 b2 = 1 To get c, substitute x = 0 in x2 + bx + c
b=±1  c is y intercept of the curve
 (From graph) c < 0
3. If x = y2 + py + 36 represents a parabola, that
The graph meets the x axis at two distinct
touches the yaxis then x = ( y ± 6)2
points  b2  4c > 0  b2 > 4c
 The values of p should be ± 12
4. For any expression ax2 + bx + c, a, b, cR and 9. Let A' B' and C' D' be the projections of arcs
a  0, the graph represents a parabola with AB and CD respectively. Let x1, x2, x3, x4 be
 b 4ac  b2  xcoordinates of points A, B, C, D respectively
vertex at  ,  then (x1, 0),(x2, 0), (x3, 0), (x4, 0) are points
 2a 4a 
A', B', C', D' respectively.
 b 4ac  b2 
Here  ,  = (1, 5) Solving y = 2x and y = x2 + bx + c we have
 2a 4a 
x2 + bx + c = 2x  x2 + (b  2)x + c = 0
b x1 and x4 are the roots.
 =  1  b = 2a
2a  x1 + x4 = 2  b …(i)
4ac  b 2 4ac  4a 2
 =5 =5 Similarly solving y = x and y = x2 + bx + c
4a 4a
we have
ca=5c=5+a
x2 + bx + c  x2 + (b  1)x + c = 0
(2,3) lies on y = ax2 + bx + c x2 and x3 are the roots.
 a(2)2 + b(2) + c = 3 x2 + x3 = 1 – b …(ii)
 4a  2b + c = 3  4a  2(2a) + 5 + a = 3
 a = 2  b =  4 and c = 3 p = x2  x1 and q = x4  x3
 Required expression f (x) = 2x2  4x + 3 p  q = (x2 + x3)  (x1 + x4)
= 1  b  (2  b) …[From (i) and (ii)]
Aliter:
Vertex = (1, 5). The curve’s equation is = 1
y  5 = a (x + 1)2 p+1=q
The graph passes through (2, 3) 10. Given expression
 a = 2 1
= [2x2 + 4xy + 6y2 12x + 12y]
y = 2x2  4x + 3 (Required expression) 2

5
 

NCERT Based Maths MCQs hints

1 Other equations
= [(x + 2y)2 + 2(y + 3)2 + (x  6)2]  27
2
 Given expression ≥  27 1. 3 x 2  7 x  30 + 2x2  7 x  5 = x + 5
(Equality occurs only when x = 6, y =  3  3 x 2  7 x  30 = (x + 5) – 2 x 2  7 x  5
which also satisfies x + 2y = 0) Squaring on both sides, we get
 The least value of the given expression = 27 2x2  7 x  5 = 5
Again squaring on both sides, we get
Higher degree equations 2x2 – 7x – 30 = 0
 (x  6) (2x + 5) = 0
1. 8x (2x2  1) (8x4  8x2 + 1) = 1 5
Observe that if x > 1 then L.H.S. > 1 and  x = 6 or x = 
2
for x < 1, L.H.S. < 1
1x1 (feasible region) 2.  x 1   x 1 =  4 x 1
Let x = cos  then given equation reduces to Here, x + 1 ≥ 0 and x  1 ≥ 0 and 4x 1 ≥ 0
1
8 cos  cos 2 [2(2 cos2  1)2  1] = 1 i.e., (x ≥  1) and (x ≥ 1) and (4x ≥ 1  x ≥ )
4
 8 cos  cos 2 (2cos2 2  1) = 1
 [1, ) defines the feasible region … (i)
 8 cos  cos 2 cos 4 = 1 Squaring both sides, of given equation
1 1
 (2 sin  cos ) cos 2 cos 4 = (x + 1) + (x  1) 2 x 2 1 = 4x  1
2 sin  8
1
 2 x 2 1 = 2x  1
1 1
 . ( sin 4 cos 4) =
2 sin  2 8  2x  1 ≤ 0 … [ L.H.S. is negative.]
1 1  2x ≤ 1
 (sin 8) =
8 sin  8 1
x≤ … (ii)
 sin 8 = sin   sin 8  sin  = 0 2
9 7 (ii) contradicts (i)  No solution exists
 2 cos sin =0
2 2 3. x2 + 4x + 6 = x
9  7  (x + 2)2 + 2 = x
 = (2n + 1) or = n
2 2 2
Squaring  [(x + 2)2 + 2]2 = ( x )2
 2 n
  = (2n + 1) or  =  (x + 2)4 + 4(x + 2)2 + 4 = x
9 7
 (x + 2)4 + 4x2 +16x + 16 + 4 = x

  = 2m + or 2p  (x + 2)4 + 4x2 +15x + 20 = 0 ... (i)
3 Now, (x + 2)4  0, to have a solution to (i),
(Rest all values of  give non real x) 4x2 + 15x + 20  0 for all x.
1 2
But  < 0 for 4x +15x + 20 ,
 x = or 1
2  4x2 +15x + 20 is always positive for all x.
3 Thus, no real value of x will give
The required sum =
2 (x + 2)4 + 4x2 +15x + 20 = 0
Aliter:
2. Let 12x = y then
Given equation Draw graphs of y = x and y = x2 + 4x + 6
y y y y = x2 + 4x + 6
 (y 1) (  1) ( 1) (  1) = 5 = (x + 2)2 + 2
2 3 4
 (y 1) (y  2) (y  3)(y  4) = 5(4) (3) (2) Two curves do not intersect  No real solution
y to the given equation.

= product of four
consecutive numbers

 y  1 = 5 or y  1 =  2
 y = 6 or  1
1 1 y= x
x=  or
12 2
(2, 2)
1 1 5
+=  + = x
12 2 12 O

66
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Quadratic Equations
4. Before solving the equation, feasible region (ii)  x + 1 ≥ x  7  x ≥1 … (iii)
needs to be obtained. 2
Squaring, x + 2x + 1 ≥ x + 7
x + 3 ≥ 4 x 1 … (i)  x2 + x  6 ≥ 0
x + 8 ≥ 6 x 1 … (ii) and  (x + 3) (x  2) ≥ 0  x ≥ 2
x≥1 … (iii) … (iv)
Squaring (i), (iii)  (i) is always true.
 x2 + 6x + 9 ≥ 16(x 1) Given equation
 x2 10x + 25 ≥ 0
4 x  8  2 x  7 = x 1 x  7
 (x  5)2 ≥ 0 (true for all x)
Squaring (ii), 4≥ x 8 2 x  7
 x2 + 16x + 64 ≥ 36(x 1)
 x2 20x + 100 ≥ 0 Squaring, 16 ≥ x + 8 + 2 x  7
 (x  10)2 ≥ 0 (true for all x) 8x≥2 x7 … [x  8]
Also 2
Squaring, 64 + x  16x ≥ 4 (x + 7)
x  3  4 x 1 = 1  x 8 6 x 1  x2  20x + 36 ≥ 0
 (x 2) (x  18) ≥ 0
L.H.S. ≥ 0  x 8 6 x 1  1
 x  2 or x ≥ 18
Squaring, x + 8  6 x 1  1 x2 … (v)
x+76 x 1 (iv) and (v)  Feasible region : {2}
Squaring, 2
x  22x + 85  0 x = 2 satisfies the given equation
 (x  17) (x 5)  0  The equation has a unique solution.
 5  x  17 ... (iv) 6. x2 + |x|  20 = 0
Similarly  | x|2 + |x|  20 = 0
x  8  6 x  1 = 1  x  3  4 x 1  (|x| + 5) (|x|  4) = 0
 |x| = 4 … [ |x| + 5 > 0]
L.H.S. ≥ 0  x  3  4 x 1  1
x=±4
Squaring, x + 3  4 x 1  1
7. 32x  10.3x + 9 = 0
 x + 2  4 x 1
 (3x)2  10(3x) + 9 = 0
Squaring, x2 12x + 20  0 Let a = 3x, then
 (x  2) (x 10)  0 a2  10a + 9 = 0
 2  x  10 … (v)  (a  9)(a  1) = 0
(iii), (iv), (v)  feasible region = 5  x  10  a = 9, 1
Now, let us solve the given equation. a = 3x  9 = 3x  32 = 3x  x = 2
Squaring and 1 = 3x  30 = 3x  x = 0
The roots are 0, 2  The sum of the roots = 2
x  3  4 x 1 = 1  x  8  6 x  1 , we get
3x
x + 3  4 x 1 = 1 + x + 8  6 x 1 8. 2x +2 3( x 1) = 9
 2 x 8 6 x 1 Taking log on both sides, we get
 3x 
(x + 2) log 2 +   log 3 = 2 log 3
  6 + 2 x 1 =  2 x 8 6 x 1  x 1
(R.H.S  0  x 1  3  0  3x 
 (x + 2) log 2 +   log 3  2 log 3 = 0
 x  10)  x 1
Squaring,  (x + 2) log 2 +
 x  2  log 3 = 0
x  1 + 9  6 x 1 = x + 8  6 x 1 x 1
 1 
true for all x  (x + 2)  log 2  log3  = 0
 Solution set is same as the feasible region.  x  1 
i.e. Solution set = [5, 10] 1 log 2
 x =  2 or =
1 x log3
5. x + 8 + 2 x7 ≥ 0 … (i)
log3
and x + 1 ≥ x7 … (ii)  x = – 2 or x = 1 –
log 2

7
 

NCERT Based Maths MCQs hints

9. esin x – e sin x  4 = 0 13.
2
Given equation ( x 2  5 x  5) x  4 x  60 = 1
Let esin x = y > 0, then the given equation can be Case I: (1) Any finite real number = 1
written as y2 – 4y – 1 = 0  y = 2 ± 5 x2  5x + 5 = 1 and x2 + 4x  60 = any finite real
(Reject y = 2  5 ) number
y=2+ 5 … [ 2 < 5]
 x2  5x + 4 = 0
sinx
 (x  1) (x  4) = 0
e =2+ 5  x = 1, 4  x = 1, 4 satisfy the given equation.
 esinx > e … [ 2 + 5 > e] Case II: (1) even integer = 1
 sinx > 1 (Absurd) x2  5x + 5 = 1 and x2 + 4x  60 = even integer
Hence, no real value of x satisfies the given  x2  5x + 6 = 0
equation.  (x  2) (x  3) = 0
 x = 2, 3
10. x  2 + x  x 4  +2=0
x = 2  x2 + 4x  60 =  48 = even integer
Let x = t  x = 2 is a root.
 | t – 2 | + t (t – 4) + 2 = 0 x = 3  x2 + 4x  60 =  39  even integer
When t < 2,  x = 3 is not a root.
– (t – 2) + t (t – 4) + 2 = 0 Case III: (Any non zero real number)0 = 1
 2 – t + t2 – 4t + 2 = 0 (x2  5x + 5) is any non zero real number and
 t2 – 5t + 4 = 0 x2 + 4x  60 = 0
 (t – 4) (t – 1) = 0  (x + 10) (x  6) = 0
 t = 4, 1
 x = 6,  10
t = 4 (Rejected)
 x = 6,  10 satisfy the given equation.
t=1
 The roots are 1, 4, 2,  10, 6.
 x =1  x=1  The sum of the roots = 1 + 4 + 2 + 6  10 = 3
When t ≥ 2,
t – 2 + t (t – 4) + 2 = 0 14.
2 2
22 x  x + 2x  3 = x
4

 t2 – 3t = 0  2 2 x  x2
= x4 2x2 + 3
 t = 0, 3
R.H.S. = (x2  21)2+ 2  2
t = 0 (Rejected)  x 1  1  L.H.S. = R.H.S. = 2
t=3 L.H.S. = 2 2
 x =3 x=1
x=9 1
 sum of the solutions = 9 + 1 = 10 15. 2x < 3 x
2 Taking log(with base 2) on both sides we get
11. 125 x  2 = ( 24 3 )3  x 1
3
(3  x 2 )
x log2 2 < log 2 3
3 5x 2
.2 10x 4
= 2 93 x 2
. (3) 2 x
1 x 2  log 2 3
3
 5x  2 = (3  x 2 )  3x2 + 10x  13 = 0  x  log 2 3 < 0  <0
x x
2
 (3x + 13) (x  1) = 0 
x  
log 2 3 x  log 2 3  <0
13 x
x=  ,1
3    
13 10
The sum of the values of x =  +1=   log 2 3 0 log 2 3
3 3
2  5 x 6 
 x ,  log 2 3  0, log 2 3   
12. 72 x = ( 2 )3 log 2 49
1
( 2 x 2 5 x  6)
3
log 2  7 2 log (7)3 16. We first find the feasible region.
 (7) 2 = 22 = (2)3log2 7 = 2 2
log2 x 9 > 0 … (i) and
1
 72
( 2 x 2 5 x  6)
= 73 1  4logx 4 > 0 … (ii)
 2x  5x  6 = 6  2x2  5x  12= 0
2
(i)  x > 29 and 1  4logx 4 = 1  log x  28 
 (2x + 3) (x  4) = 0 And log 2 9 ( 28 ) < 1 as 28 < 29
3
x =  ,4 i.e., (ii) is satisfied x > 29
2
The required product =  6  Feasible region = (29, )

88
 

Quadratic Equations
Given equation 9 16  9  16
x= y=     = 
 log3 (log 2 x  9) = log3 (32 ) + log3 (1 4 log x 4) 5 9  5  5
 log3 (log2 x  9) = log3 [9 (1  4logx 4)]  9 16   9 16 
 ,  and   ,   are the solutions
 log 2 x  9 = 9(1 4logx 4 ) 5 5   5 5
 log 2 2 
= 9 1  8  Homework Questions
 log 2 x 
 8 1.  and  are roots of the equation
Let log 2 x = t then t  9 = 9 1 
 t x2 + px + 7 = 0
 t 2  18t + 72 = 0 2 + p + 7 = 0 and  2 + p + 7 = 0
 (t  6) (t 12) = 0 Adding (2 + 2) + p( + ) + 14 = 0
t = 6  x = 26 (rejected)  22 + p(p) + 14 = 0
t = 12  x = 212 = 4096  p2 = 36  p =  6
There is only value of x, hence m = 4096 2. Let equations A and B not have real roots then
 The digital sum of m = 19 p2 < 4q and r2 < 4s
Adding p2 + r2 < 4(q + s)
17. x ≠ 1 and x > 0 … (i)
 p2 + r2 < 2pr  (p  r)2 < 0
Given equation  (x + 7)2 = 64  x + 7 =  8
(A contradiction)
 x = 1,  15 … (ii)
 At least one of the equations has real roots.
(i) and (ii)  Number of solutions = 0
3. N = f (11) + f (13) + f (14).
18. 3 < 7  log x 3 < logx 7 only when x > 1 = 2( log 2002 11 + log 2002 13 + log 2002 14 )
x4  2 = 2 log 2002 (11  13  14) = 2 log 2002 (2002) = 2
19. 2x  1 1, 2x  1 > 0 and > 0
2 x 1
4. Let P(x) = (x  2)(x  4) + k(x  3)(x  5)
1 1
 x  1, x > and 2x + 1 > 0  x >  P(2) > 0, P(3) < 0, P(4) < 0, P(5) > 0
2 2
and x  1  The graph of y = P(x) meets the x axis at two
x4  2 points; one point in (2,3) and other in (4,5).
Given equation  = 2x  1
2 x 1 5. log1 x (3  x) = log3  x (1 x)
 x4 + 2 = 4x2  1  x4  4x2 + 3 = 0
1  x ≠ 1, 3  x  1, 1  x > 0 and 3  x > 0
 (x2  1) (x2  3) = 0
 x  0 and x < 1 (feasible region)
 x = 1,1, 3 , 3
1
Given equation  t = where t = log1 x (3  x)
x= 3 is the only solution. t
20. Given equation is satisfied by all real x if  t=±1
a3  7a + 6 = 0 and a2 + 3a  4 = 0 and t = 11  x = 3  x (absurd)
a(a  1) = 0 1
t = 1  =3x
 (a  1) (a2 + a  6) = 0 and 1 x
(a  1)(a + 4) = 0 and a(a  1) = 0  (x  2)2 = 2
a=1
x=2 2
21. x(x + y) = 9 …(i)
y(x + y) = 16 …(ii) x = 2  2 is the only solution
L.H.S. of (i) and (ii) have homogeneous (as x = 2 + 2 does not lie in the feasible region.)
expressions of x and y, so substitute y = mx. x
(ii) 16 1 2 2x8  1 
m= 6. Given equation  (2 ) =  
(i) 9 8 4 2 
x
16  25 
(i)  x2 (1 + m) = 9, substitute m = 
1 4x  16
(2 )= 2 
9 8  
 
9 81 9
x2 = = x= 5x
16 25 5  24x 19 = 2 2
1
9 5x 38
 4x  19 = x=
9 16 9 16 2 3
x= y=  =
5 9 5 5  p = 38, q = 3 p = 13q  1
9
 

NCERT Based Maths MCQs hints

7. We first find the feasible region, Real roots of the given equation, if any, are the
3 x 1 1    real roots of
> 0  x <  2 or x > 2 1 (2k + 1) (x2  x + 1)  (k  1) = 0
x2 3
3  (2k + 1) x2  (2k + 1)x + k + 2 = 0
1 
Feasible region = (,2)  ,   For real roots,
3 
(2k + 1)2  4(2k + 1) (k + 2)  0
3 x 1 1
Given inequation  >  (2k + 1) (2k + 1  4k  8)  0
x2 3
 (2k + 1) (2k + 7)  0
9x 3 x  2 7 1
 >0  k
3( x  2)     2 2
8x  5 2 1 5 Integer k =  1,  2, 3
 >0 3 8
3( x  2)
  = t, then  =t
x x 1
11. Let 4  15 4  15 as
5
 x <  2 or x >
8 (4  15 ) (4 + 15 ) = 1
5  Given equation  t2  8t + 1 = 0
The solution set is (,2)  ,  
8  8  64  4
t= = 4  15
The greatest negative integer is  3 2

 = 4 + 15

x
t = 4 + 15  4  15
x2  x  2
8. x <1 …(i) y
  4  15  =  4  15   x = 1
x 1

Case I: |x| < 1 1 < x < 1

1 y = ax
(i)  x2  x  2 > 0
t = 4  15   4  15  = 4  15
x

 (x  2) (x + 1) > 0 x
0 a<1
 x <  1 or x > 2 x=1
No real value x <  1 or x > 2 satisfies 1 < x < 1  p  q =  1 + 1 (1) = 1
Case II: |x| >1  x <  1 or x > 1
12. Let the equation x2 + ax + 8a = 0 have two roots
(i)  x2  x  2 < 0
 .
 (x  2) (x + 1) < 0
Then  +  = a
 1 < x < 2
and  = 8a
 1 < x < 2 is a solution.
No integer lies in (1, 2)   +  =    8 + 8 +  = 0
8
9. Let log2x = t then  ( + 8) ( + 8) = 64
3 5 1 64
Given equation  2 4 4
t ( t2  t  )
= 22 Let  + 8 = t then  =  8 and  = t  8
t
3 2
 3t + 4t  5t = 2 For ,  to be integers, 64 must be an integral
 3t3 + 4t2  5t 2 = 0 multiple of t.
 (t 1) (3t2 + 7t + 2) = 0  t =  1,  2,  4,  8.
 (t  1) (3t + 1) (t + 2) = 0 (Note that t can be take values ±16, 32, 64
1 but the roots so obtained are same as what we
 t = 1,  ,  2
3 obtain for t = 4, 2, 1 respectively. So we
t=1x=2 ignore these values of t)

t =   x = 31
1 13. x = 1+ n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3), where n = 28
3 2 = 1+ (n2 + 3n) (n2 + 3n + 2)
1 = 1 + (n2 + 3n)2 + 2(n2 + 3n)
t=2x=
4 = (n2 + 3n + 1)2

10. (2k + 1) (x4 + x2 + 1) = (k  1) (x2 + x + 1)

 x = n2 + 3n + 1 = 869
 (2k + 1) [(x2 + 1)2  x2)] = (k  1) (x2 +x + 1) 14. x + 2y + z = 1 x = 1  2y  z  x  1 …(i)
 (2k + 1)[(x2 + x + 1) (x2  x +1)] 2x  3yw = 2  2x = 2 + 3y + w  2x  2
= (k  1) (x2 + x + 1) x1 …(ii)
2 2
 (x + x + 1)[(2k + 1) (x  x + 1) (k  1)] = 0 (i) and (ii)  x = 1

10
 

Quadratic Equations
Substitute x = 1 in given equations to get 18. The roots of the equation are real
2y + z = 0 and 3y + w = 0  4a2  4 (a2 + a  3) ≥ 0
y, z, w are non negative  y = z = w = 0 a3 … (i)
 (1, 0, 0, 0) is the solution. Let  and  be the smaller and bigger roots of
the equation respectively. Then
15. a2 |a + x | + |a2x + 1| = |a31| 3
 |a3 +ax | + |a2x  1| = |a31|  < 3  2  x 2  x 1 < 3
(i)  Equality occurs in triangle inequality a+ 3 a < 3
|a3 + ax | + |a2x  1|  |a31|
 3 a < 3  a
 (a3 + a2x) (–a2x  1)  0
 a2 (a + x) (a2x + 1)  0 Squaring, 3  a < 9 + a2  6a
 (x + a) (a2x +1 )  0  a2  5a + 6 > 0
1 1  (a  2) (a  3) > 0
ax  or  x  a
  a < 2 or a > 3 … (ii)
a2 a2
1 (i) and (ii)  a < 2
For unique solution, a = 2  a3 = 1
a 19. 3x  2 y = 1 … (i) and
 The number of integral values of a = 1 log 2 x + log 3 y = 2 …(ii)
x = 2, y = 3 satisfy (i) and (ii) [by observation]
16. Let the two common roots be the zeroes of the (x = 2, y = 3) is a solution.
polynomial x2 + px + q. Then If x < 2, y < 3 then L.H.S of (ii) < 2
x3 + ax2 + 11x + 6 = (x2 + px + q)(x + r) …(i) If x > 2, y > 3 then L.H.S of (ii) > 2
and x3 + bx2 + 14x + 8 = (x2 + px + q) (x + s) If x < 2, y > 3 then L.H.S of (i) < 1
…(ii) If x > 2, y < 3 then L.H.S of (i) > 1
where (x + r) and (x + s) are the factors  (x = 2, y = 3) is the only solution.
corresponding to the third zero of two
polynomials respectively. 20. Let the roots of 2x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 be a, b and the
 qr = 6 and qs = 8 roots of x2 + 2x + 3 = 0 be a and c.
3 5
 q = 1 or 2  r = 6 or 3 and s = 8 or 4 Then a + b = , ab =
2 2
 x + 6 or x + 3 is a factor of the cubic
polynomial in (i), and a + c =  2, ac = 3
5
Substitute x = 6 in x3 + ax2 + 11x + 6 = 0 to get ab b 5 5
216 + 36a 66 + 6 = 0 which does not give = 2  = b= c
ac 3 c 6 6
integer a.
5 3
a+ c=  6a + 5c = 9
Substitute x = 3 in x3 + ax2 + 11x + 6 = 0 to get 6 2
 27 + 9a  33 + 6 = 0  a = 6 and 6a + 6c = 12  c = 3
 a + (3) =  2
Substitute x = 4 in x3 + bx2 + 14x + 8 = 0 to get a=1
 64 + 16b 56 + 8 = 0  b = 7 ac = 3   =  1
 a + b = 13
Aliter:
17. The roots of the equation are real A linear combination of given equations is
 1  4m > 0  m <
1
… (i) satisfied by the common root.
4 Solving 2x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 and
Let , be the smaller and bigger roots 2x2 + 4x + 6 = 0
respectively. Then x= (Common root)
 1  1  4m 22 + 3 + 5 = 0   = 0 or  1
<1 < 1   1 4m < 3 (true) ( = 0 rejected)
2
 1  1  4m 21. Roots of equation x2 + bx  c = 0 are tan15 and
>1 > 1  1 4m > 3
2 tan30
Squaring  tan15 + tan30 = b = sum of the roots
1 4m > 9 Also, tan15. tan30 = c = product of the roots
 m < 2 … (ii) Now,
tan 30 tan15
tan(30 + 15) =
(i) and (ii)  The range of m = (,2) 1 tan 30.tan15

11
 

NCERT Based Maths MCQs hints

b b  x4  10x2 + 25 36x2 = 0
 tan (45) = 1=
1  ( c ) 1 c  x4  26x2 + 25 = 0
1+c=bb+c+1=0  p = 26, q = 25
 5  (c + b) = 5  (1)
=6 Aliter:
Given equation  |x|2  6|x| + 5 = 0
22. 3cos2 x + p cos x + 1 = 0, x  (, )
 (|x| 5) (|x|  1) = 0
Put cos x = t t  (1, 1)
3t2 + pt + 1 = 0 (Discriminant = D)  x = ±5, ± 1
For roots to be real  The equation having roots ± 5, ± 1 is
D  0  p2  4(3)  0. (x  1) (x + 1) (x  5) (x + 5) = 0
 p2  12  0  (x2  1) (x2  25) = 0
 p(, 2 3 ]  [2 3 ,) … (i)  x4  26x2 + 25 = 0
y= f (t)= 3t2+pt + 1 25. (x  a) (x  10)=  1
 (x  a) (x 10)= 1 1
 either x  a = 1, x  10 = 1 x = 11, a = 12
or x  10 = 1, x  a = 1  x = 9, a = 8
 a takes two integral values.
t 26. First candidate gets roots as 4, 3, of the
1 O 1
equation x2 + px + q = 0
Sum = (4 + 3) = p
Also f (1)  3  p + 1 > 0
Product q =  12 (correct product of the roots)
p<4 … (ii)
f (1) > 0  3 + p + 1 > 0 Second candidate gets roots as 3, 1
p>4 … (iii) (3 + 1) = p (sum of roots)
 p p
2 2
p 2 p=4 (correct sum of the roots)
3t2 + pt + 1 = 3  t     The correct equation is x2 + px + q = 0
 6  12 12
p x2  4x 12 = 0
(Equality occurs at t =  )
6  (x  6) (x + 2) = 0
1< <1
p x = 6, x =  2
6
 p (6,6) … (iv) 27. The given equation is 2x2 27x + 2 = 0 and the
Considering (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) roots are p and q
p (4, 2 3 ]  [2 3 ,4) 27
p+q=  2p  27 =  2q,
2
23. Equations x2 + 3x + 12 = 0 ...(i) 2q 27 =  2p and pq = 1
and px2 + qx + r = 0 …(ii)
have a common root. Now (2p  27)5 (2q  27)5
Discriminant of the equation x2 + 3x + 12 = 0 is = [(2p  27)( 2q  27)]5
negative. = [(2q) (2p)]5
 Roots are imaginary and when roots are = 45(pq)5
imaginary, they are conjugate of each other. = 45
 Equation (i) and (ii) have both common
roots. 28. Given, x = 3  3  3  ...
 The two equations are same (or one equation
is constant multiple of the other)  x = 3 x

p q
= =
r (feasible region : x  0)
1 3 12 Squaring, x2  x  3 = 0
 p : q: r = 1: 3:12 1  13 1  13
x= (Reject x = )
24. x2  6|x| + 5 = 0 2 2
 x2  6x + 5 = 0 or x2 + 6x + 5 = 0 1  13
 (x2  6x + 5) (x2 + 6x + 5) = 0  x = , which is an irrational number
2
 (x2 + 5)2  (6x)2 = 0 lying between 2 and 3.
12
 

Quadratic Equations
Aliter: 33. x  0 and x + 8 > 0
Here, a = 3 > 0 x0 … (i)
 x=
1  1  12 Also x  8  x > 20 = 1
2  x8 > 1 + x
1  13 Squaring  x + 8 > 1 + x + 2 x
x= , which is an irrational number
2 49
lying between 2 and 3. x< … (ii)
4
(i) and (ii)
Shortcut  49 
 Feasible region = 0, 
 4 
If a > 0 and x = a  a  a  ... , log4 {log2 ( x  8  x )} = 0
1  4a  1  log2 ( x  8  x ) = 40
then x = .
2  x  8  x = 21
Squaring on both sides, we get
1 x + 8 + x  2 x2  8x = 4
29. Let x  2 
1
2  2 x 2  8 x = 2x + 4
2  ... 
 x2  8x = x + 2
1
 x  2 Again squaring on both sides, we get
x x2 + 8x = x2 + 4 + 4x
 x2  2x  1 = 0  4x = 4
 x 1 2 x=1
But the value of the given expression cannot be
less than 2. 2 2
34. x =1–
x 1 x 1
 x = 1 2
 x = 1, but x = 1 does not satisfy the given
30. Let | x  2 | = t ( t  0) equation.
2
Given equation  t + t – 6 = 0  The given equation has no root.
 (t + 3) (t  2) = 0 35. 8 sec2   6 sec  + 1 = 0
0 1 1
 sec  = or sec  = ,
t=2 |x2|=2 2 4
x2=2 But sec  ≥ 1 or sec  ≤  1.
 x = 0, 4  The given equation has no solution.
3 x2  2 36. Here,  +  = 2 and  = 4
31.
2

124  2 x  24 3  2 + 2 = ( + )2  2
2
3
(3 x 2  2) =4
 124  2 x  (12) 2 and 3 + 3 = ( + )3 3( + )
3  3 + 3 =  16
 4  2 x 2  (3x 2  2)
2 Now,
14 5 + 5 = (2 + 2) (3 + 3)  2 2 ( + )
 5 x 2  14  x 2 
5 = ( 4) (16)  (16) (2)
14 = 32
x
5 37. Let the roots be  and .
b c
32. y y = ex Then,  +  =  and  =
y=x+1 a a
According to the given condition,
1 1
+= 2
 2
 
x
O b  2  2
  =
a  22
The graphs of y = ex and y = x + 1 meet only at
x=0 b c2
   = ( + )2  2
 x = 0 is the only root a a2

13
 

NCERT Based Maths MCQs hints

bc 2 b 2 2c 42. ,  are the roots of x2  px + 1 = 0.
   
a3 a 2 a   +  = p and  = 1
2 b 2 bc Also,  is a root of x2 + px + 1 = 0.
  
 2 + p + 1 = 0
a a 2c a 3
b 2 bc  2 + ( + ) +  = 0
2=   2 +  +  +  = 0
ac a 2
 ( + ) ( + ) = 0
38. Since, ,  are the roots of the equation
2x2  35x + 2 = 0. 43. Here,  +  =  p,  = 1,
 +  =  q and  = 1 … (i)
2
 22  35 =  2  2  35 =  Let P = (  )(  )( + )( + )

= {  ( + ) + 2}{ + ( + ) + 2}
2
and 22  35 =  2  2  35 =  (i)  P = (1 + p + 2)(1  p + 2)

3 3
= (p  q)( p  q)
2  2 
 (2  35)3(2  35)3 =      ,  are the roots of x2 + qx + 1 =0
     
64 64 …  2 + q + 1 = 0 and 2 + q + 1 = 0
= = 3  2 + 1 =  q and 2 + 1 =  q
 3 3 1
= 64
=  (p  q)(p + q)
1 = q2  p2 … [  = 1]
39.  +  = 1 and  =
6
1 1 1
 [a + b+c2 + d3]+ [a + b + c2+ d3] 44. Let  be the root of ax2 + bx + c = 0. Then is
2 2 
1 1 1 the root of ax2 + bx + c = 0.
= a + b( + ) + c(2 + 2) + d(3 + 3)  a2 + b + c = 0 …(i)
2 2 2
1 1
1 1 and a ' 2  b  c = 0
= a + b + c[( + )2  2]  
2 2
1
 c2 + b + a = 0 …(ii)
+ d [( + )3  3( + )] From (i) and (ii), we get
2
2  1
b 1  2 1 1  3 1  
= a   c (1)  2.   d (1)  3.  ba  bc cc  aa ab  bc
2 2  6 2  6
 (cc  aa)2 = (ba  cb)(ab  bc)
a b c d
=    45. Discriminant  = 9  8 = 1 which is an integer
1 2 3 4
square.
40. Let the roots be  and n.  The roots are rational.
b
Then,  + n =  … (i) 46. k <  2 or k > 2
a
1
 k2 > 4 … (i)
c n  c  n 1
and  ( ) =   =   Discriminant = 4 (k2  4) > 0 … [From (i)]
a a  The roots are real and unequal.
Substituting  in (i), we get x2
1 n 47. Let y =
c n 1 c n 1 b 2 x 2  3x  6
  
 
a a a  2x2y + (3y  1)x + (6y  2) = 0

1 1

n n For real x, D ≥ 0
 a.a n 1
 c n 1  a . a n 1
. c n 1 =  b  (3y  1)2 4(2y)(6y  2)  0
1 1   39y2 + 10y + 1 ≥ 0
 (a n c) n 1  ( ac n ) n 1 =  b  (13y + 1)(3y  1) ≤ 0
41. ,  are the roots of (x  a) (x  b) = c . 1 1
– ≤y≤
i.e., x2  (a + b)x + ab  c = 0 13 3
 (x  a) (x  b)  c = (x  ) (x  ) 48. Since, the roots of bx2 + cx + a = 0 are
 (x  a) (x  b) = (x  ) (x  ) + c imaginary (non-real), therefore, c2 – 4ab < 0
 x = a, b are the roots of (x  ) (x  ) + c = 0  c2 < 4ab
14
 

Quadratic Equations
3b2x2 + 6bcx + 2c2 c c
  d    2e  f  0
c  a
= 3b  x 2  2   x  + 2c2
2 a
 b 
d f 2e c 2e
2    
 c  c2  a c c a b
= 3b2  x   + 2c2 – 3b2  2 
 b b  d e f
2
 , , are in A.P.
 c a b c
= 3b2  x   – c2 ≥ – c2 > – 4ab
b   pq pq 1
2 2 54.  =
… [c < 4ab,  – c > – 4ab] x p xq r

49. x2 – 3x + 2 is a factor of x4 – px2 + q. x+p+x+q=

 x  p  x  q 
 The roots of x2 – 3x + 2 = 0 are also the roots pqr
of x4 – px2 + q = 0  2pqrx + p qr + pq r = x2 + (p + q)x + pq
2 2

x2  3x + 2 = 0  ( x  2)( x  1)  0  x  2, 1  x2 + (p + q  2pqr)x + p2qr  pq2r  pq = 0

Putting these values in x4 – px2 + q = 0, we get Let the roots be  and   sum of the roots = 0
4 p  q  16  0 … (i)  p + q = 2pqr
and p  q  1  0 … (ii)
2x2  2 x  5 2  x 2  x  1  3
Solving (i) and (ii), we get (p, q) = (5, 4) 55. Let P = =
x 2  x 1 x 2  x 1
50. Let the roots be  and . Then, 3
 = 2
=
A   +  = 2A x 2  x 1
2  P is maximum when x2 + x + 1 is minimum.
2
and G =    = G 1 3 3
2

 The required equation is t 2 – 2At + G2 = 0. But x2 + x + 1 =  x     ,

 2 4 4
51. Given equation is Equality occurs only when x = 
1
(5 + 2 )x2 – bx + (8 + 2 5 ) = 0 2
3
Here,  +  =
b  Minimum value of x2 + x + 1 =
5 2 4
3
8 2 5  Maximum value of P = 2  =2+4=6
and  = 3
5 2
4
2
 Harmonic mean
=  Smallest integer value of a must be 6.
 
82 5  56. (a  1)x2 + (a + 1)x + (a  1) > 0 for all x
2     < 0 and coefficient of x2 > 0 …(i)
5  2 
4=   < 0  (a + 1)2  4(a  1)2 < 0
b
5 2  (3a  1) (a + 3) < 0
1
b=4+ 5  a > 3 or a < …(ii)
3
52. Let the two numbers be  and . Also, a  1 > 0  a > 1 …(iii)
   The values of a satisfying both (ii) and (iii)
Then, = 9 and αβ = 4
2 lie in (3, )
  +  = 18 and  = 16
57. px2  x + p = 0
The required equation is
Roots are real and distinct   > 0
 x2 – 18x + 16 = 0
 (1)2  4p.p >0
53. According to the given condition, b2 = ac 1
 p2 <
 Equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 can be written as 4
ax2 + 2 acx + c = 0 1 1
 <p< ... (i)
 ( ax  c ) 2  0 2 2
1 1
  α +β   2αβ >
2 2 2
c α +β >
x=  (repeated root) p p
a
This must be the common root by hypothesis. 1 1 1 1
 2>  2  2>0
So it must satisfy the equation dx2 + 2ex + f = 0 p2 p p p

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 

NCERT Based Maths MCQs hints

1  1 
  2   1 > 0
p  p 
1 1
 < 1 or >2
p p
1  p  1  2p 2 p 1 
  0  or  0  0
 p   p p 
1
  1 < p < 0 or 0 < p < ... (ii)
2
(i) and (ii) give
1 1
 <p< ,p0
2 2

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