CEng 3204-Reinforced Concrete Structures I

Design Examples on Design

of RC Two-way solid slab

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 Cont.…
Example 1: Continuous Two-way RC solid slab
The two way slab beam supported floor system if it is
intended to be used for office building. Assume the
partition wall load to be 𝟐𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐 and concrete
cover 25 𝑚𝑚 . The materials to be used are grade
𝐶25/30 concrete and 𝑆 − 400 steel grade. Use 𝝓𝟏𝟎𝒎𝒎
bars and 30𝑚𝑚 cement screed, 20𝑚𝑚 marble tiling and
15𝑚𝑚 plastering as floor finishing for all slabs. Design
the slab and check its serviceability limit state. Determine
the load transferred to beam on axis-2 and design it.
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 Cont.…

Materials 𝑘𝑁
Unit weight ൗ𝑚3
Cement screed (cement mortar) 23
Marble tiling 27
Plastering 25
Reinforced concrete 25
HCB wall 23

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 Cont.…
.

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 Cont.…
Solution

Step 1: Check whether the slab is treated as one way,

two way or cantilever
Panels 𝐿𝑥 𝑚 𝐿𝑦 𝑚 𝐿𝑦 Types of Remark
൘𝐿
𝑥 slab
𝑆1 5 6 1.2 Two-way
Designed as two-way solid
𝑆2 5 5 1.0 Two-way
slab
𝑆3 4 6 1.5 Two-way
𝑆4 4 5 1.25 Two-way
𝑆5 1.2 6 - Cantilever
Designed as rectangular
𝑆6 1.2 5 - Cantilever
cantilever beam

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Step 2: Determine thickness of the slab from
deflection requirement
𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐧/𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐡 for
reinforced concrete members without axial
compression [Refer ES EN 1992: 2015 Clause 7.4.2
(2)]

3ൗ
𝑙 𝜌0 𝜌0 2
= 𝐾 11 + 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 −1 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌0 … 7.16𝑎
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Assumption: Slab is under-reinforced section
(concrete lightly stressed i.e.ρ = 0.5%) (Table 7.4N)

𝜌0 = 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 10−3 = 25 ∗ 10−3 = 0.005

ρ = 0.005 ≤ 𝜌0 = 0.005

3ൗ
𝑙 𝜌0 𝜌0 2
∴ = 𝐾 11 + 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 −1 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌0
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Panels 𝐿 = 𝐿𝑥 𝑚 Types of span 𝐾 𝐿ൗ Modification Modified 𝑑 𝑚𝑚
𝑑
500/𝑓𝑦𝑘
𝑆1 5 End span 1.3 24.05 1.25 30.0625 𝟏𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝟐

𝑆2 5 End span 1.3 24.05 1.25 30.0625 𝟏𝟔𝟔. 𝟑𝟐

𝑆3 4 Interior span 1.5 27.75 1.25 34.6875 115.315

𝑆4 4 Interior span 1.5 27.75 1.25 34.6875 115.315

𝑆5 1.2 Cantilever 0.4 7.4 1.25 9.25 129.729

𝑆6 1.2 Cantilever 0.4 7.4 1.25 9.25 129.729

Governing depth is from panel 1 and panel 2.

Using 𝜙10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 25 𝑚𝑚

𝐷 = 166.320 + 25 + 10/2 = 196.32 → 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑫 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Step 3: Determine the design load

Self-weight of slab = 𝐷 ∗ 𝛾𝑐

= 0.2𝑚 ∗ 25 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚3 = 5.0 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚2

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Dead load on the slab from floor finishing and partition walls

= 0.02𝑚 ∗ 27 𝑘𝑁ൗ 3 + 0.03𝑚 ∗ 23 𝑘𝑁ൗ 3 + 0.015𝑚

𝑚 𝑚

∗ 25 𝑘𝑁ൗ 3 + 2 𝑘𝑁ൗ 2 = 3.605 𝑘𝑁ൗ 2

𝑚 𝑚 𝑚

Total dead load 𝑔𝑘 = 5.0 + 3.605 = 8.605 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚2

Live load: For office 𝑞𝑘 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 2 𝑡𝑜 3 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒

𝑞𝑘 = 3𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Design load 𝑤 = 1.35𝑔𝑘 + 1.5𝑞𝑘

= 1.35 ∗ 8.605 + 1.5 ∗ 3 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝒌𝑵ൗ𝒎𝟐

Parapet wall on the cantilever

Using 20𝑐𝑚 HCB with height of 1.5𝑚 𝑃𝑑,𝑝𝑎𝑟 =

1.35(0.2𝑥1.5𝑥23) = 9.315 𝑘𝑁

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Step 4: Loading analysis
▪ Analysis two-way slab system consist of a number of
rectangular slab panels are made based on analysis of
individual slab panels simultaneously loaded by the
maximum design load of slab by treating edges of slab
panels as either simply supported or fully fixed.
▪ Panel 3 & 4 are assumed to be simply supported at the
intersection between the panel and cantilever because of
their reinforcement cannot be overlapped.
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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
▪ Using coefficient method with provision for torsion
is made the maximum design moments per unit
width are given by the following equations.

𝑀𝑥𝑠 = 𝛽𝑥𝑠 𝒘𝒅 𝑙𝑥2 𝑀𝑦𝑠 = 𝛽𝑦𝑠 𝒘𝒅 𝑙𝑥2

𝑀𝑥𝑓 = 𝛽𝑥𝑓 𝒘𝒅 𝑙𝑥2 𝑀𝑦𝑓 = 𝛽𝑦𝑓 𝒘𝒅 𝑙𝑥2

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Table: Bending moment coefficients for rectangular panels supported on four sides
with provision for torsion at corners

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
P 𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑥 𝑙𝑦 𝛽𝑥𝑠 𝛽𝑥𝑓 𝛽𝑦𝑠 𝛽𝑦𝑓 𝑀𝑥𝑠 𝑀𝑥𝑓 𝑀𝑦𝑠 𝑀𝑦𝑓
𝑙𝑥

1 * 6 5 1.1 0.063 0.047 0.045 0.034 25.383 18.937 18.131 13.699

2 * 5 5 1 0.047 0.036 0.045 0.034 18.937 14.505 18.131 13.699
3 * 6 4 1.5 0.078 0.059 0.045 0.034 20.113 15.214 11.604 8.767
4 * 5 4 1.25 0.066 0.049 0.045 0.034 17.019 12.639 11.604 8.767

For Cantilever slab Taking 1𝑚 strip

1.22
𝑀 = 16.11675 ∗ + 9.315 ∗ 1.2 = 22.782𝑘𝑁𝑚/𝑚
2

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Adjustment of moments at continuous edges

• Between Panel 1 and panel 3

25.383 − 20.1137
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = ∗ 100 = 26.197 % > 10%
20.1137
→ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
c Member Stiffness D.F
BA 𝐼/5 0.444

Joint B BC 𝐼/4 0.45𝐼 0.556

B
D.F 0.444 0.556
25.383 -20.1137
-2.339 -2.929
23.043 -23.043

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Adjusted support moment is 23.043𝑘𝑁𝑚/𝑚

Span moment on panel 1

𝑀1 = 25.383 + 18.937 − 23.043

= 21.277𝑘𝑁𝑚/𝑚

Span moment on panel 3

𝑀3 = 20.1137 + 15.214 − 23.043

= 12.2847𝑘𝑁𝑚/𝑚
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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
• Between Panel 2 and panel 4

18.937 − 17.019
𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 𝑥 100 = 11.219 % > 10%
17.019
→ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…

Member Stiffness D.F

BA 𝐼/5 0.444

Joint B BC 𝐼/4 0.45𝐼 0.556

B
D.F 0.444 0.556
18.937 -17.019
-0.8516 -1.066
18.085 -18.085

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Adjusted support moment is 18.085𝑘𝑁𝑚/𝑚

Span moment on panel 2

𝑀2 = 18.937 + 14.505 − 18.085

= 15.396𝑘𝑁𝑚/𝑚

Span moment on panel 4

𝑀4 = 17.019 + 12.684 − 18.085

= 11.573𝑘𝑁𝑚/𝑚

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
The adjusted design moment

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Step 5: Determine design constants
Material: Concrete 𝐶25/30 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 25𝑀𝑝𝑎

0.85 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85 ∗ 25

𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 14.167𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝛾𝑐 1.5
2ൗ 2ൗ
𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑘 = 0.3 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 3 = 0.3 ∗ 25 3 ≈ 2.6𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑓𝑦𝑘
Steel: 𝑆 − 400 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 400𝑀𝑝𝑎 𝑓𝑦𝑑 =
𝛾𝑠

𝑓𝑦𝑘 400
𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = = 347.83𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑠 1.15

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Step 6: Check thickness of the slab required for flexure
Minimum effective depth to avoid any compression steel
(singly reinforced) is given by:
𝑀𝑑
< 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.295 𝑀𝑑 = 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2
23.043𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝑀𝑑
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 𝑏 = 1𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
0.295𝑥𝑏𝑥𝑓𝑐𝑑

23.043𝑥106
= = 74.254𝑚𝑚
0.295𝑥1000𝑥14.167
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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
The overall thickness of the slab

𝐷 = 𝑑 + 𝑑 ′ = 74.254 + 30 = 104.254𝑚𝑚 < 𝐷𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 200𝑚𝑚 … 𝑂𝑘!

10
𝑑1 = 200 − 25 − = 170 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑑2 = 200 − 25 − 10 − 10/2 = 160 𝑚𝑚

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Step 7: Calculate flexural reinforcement 𝐴𝑠

Check maximum and minimum reinforcement areas (Refer

ES EN 1992: 2015 clause 9.2.1.1)

2
0.26𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 𝑏𝑡 𝑑 0.26 0.3 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ൗ3 ∗1000∗170
= = 𝟐𝟖𝟕. 𝟑𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. ൞ 𝑓𝑦𝑘 400
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 170 = 221𝑚𝑚2

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 200 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
𝒃𝒂𝒔
Spacing of reinforcement 𝒔 =
𝑨𝒔

𝑏𝑥𝑎𝑠 1000𝑥78.5
𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 273.372 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 287.3
𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 273.372 𝑚𝑚 < 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 400𝑚𝑚

∴ 𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒔 = 𝟐𝟕𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜙10𝑚𝑚 @ 270𝑚𝑚 c/c

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
𝑀𝑑 𝑑 𝑀𝑑
u= 𝑧= 1 + 1 − 2u 𝐴𝑠𝑟 =
𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑑
2 𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑑

𝒃𝒂𝒔 𝒃𝒂𝒔
𝒔= 𝐴𝑝 =
𝑨𝒔 𝒔

𝒛
k𝐳 =
𝒅

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…

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 Cont.…
Reinforcement at the free edges (for cantilever slab)
[Refer ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 section 9.3.1.4]

▪ Along a free (unsupported) edge, a slab should

normally contain longitudinal and transverse
reinforcement. The normal reinforcement provided
for a slab may act as edge reinforcement.

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Designed as rectangular
Design of RC Two-way solid slab cantilever beam
 Cont.…
Step 8: Check the adequacy of the slab thickness for shear

▪ Thickness of the slab is adequate for shear if the design

shear force 𝑽𝑬𝒅 developed in slab at critical section
(𝒅 from the face of support) is less than or equal to the
design shear strength 𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒄 provided by the slab.

▪ Calculate design shear force 𝑉𝐸𝑑 at 𝑑 distance from the

face support

Taking one meter strip 𝑏 = 1000 𝑚𝑚 and 𝑑 = 170 𝑚𝑚

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 Cont.…
Assuming the beam width to be 200𝑚𝑚.

𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 𝑃𝑑 (0.5𝑙𝑛 − 𝑑)𝑏𝑤

𝑃𝑑 = 16.116 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝐿𝑛 = 5 − 0.2 = 4.8 𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ

𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 16.116 0.5 4.8 − 0.17 𝑥1 = 35.940𝑘𝑁

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 Cont.…
Design shear resistance of concrete (𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒄 )

1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 ≥ ቐ[𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘 100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 3
+ 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑
[𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑

0.18 0.18
𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = = = 0.12𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑐 1.5

200 200
𝑘 =1+ =1+ = 2.085 < 2.0 ∴ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑘 = 2.0
𝑑 170

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 Cont.…
Taking minimum reinforcement 𝜙10𝑚𝑚 @ 270𝑚𝑚 𝑐/
𝑐

𝐴𝑠1 290.89
𝜌1 = = = 0.00171 < 0.02 𝑂𝑘
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 1000𝑥170

𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 0 → 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = 0

𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035𝑘 3/2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2 = 0.035(2)3/2 (25)1/2

= 0.495𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

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 Cont.…
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 ≥ ൝ 0.12 𝑥 2.0 100 𝑥 0.00171 𝑥 25 1000𝑥170 = 58.14𝑘𝑁
3
0.495 𝑥 1000 𝑥 170 = 84.15𝑘𝑁

∴ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 84.15𝑘𝑁

Since 𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 84.15𝑘𝑁 > 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 35.94𝑘𝑁, no shear reinforcement is

required.
As per ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 section 6.2.1(4), on the basis of the design
shear calculation, no shear reinforcement is required minimum shear
reinforcement should however be provided.
The minimum shear reinforcement may be omitted in members such as
slabs (solid, ribbed or hollow core slabs) where transverse redistribution of
loads is possible.

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 Cont.…
Step 9: Check serviceability limit states

9.1. Check deflection control

The deflection of the slab is checked by using basic

span-effective depth ratio:

𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 370.578
𝜌= = ∗ 100 = 0.218% < 0.5%
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 1000𝑥170

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 Cont.…
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓 ′ 𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒏 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

𝜌𝑜 = 10−3 ∗ 25 = 0.005 = 0.5% > 𝜌

𝐾 = 1.3 for one way continuous end span slab (Table 7.4N)

No compression steel, 𝜌′ = 0 (the slab section is singly

reinforced section).

𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜 374
= = 1.0 ≤ 1.5 … … … … … … … … … 𝑂𝑘!
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 370.578

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 Cont.…
3ൗ
𝑙 𝜌0 𝜌0 2
∴ = 𝐾 11 + 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 −1 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌0
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌

3Τ
𝑙 0.5 0.5 2
= 1.3 11 + 1.5 25 + 3.2 25 −1 = 67.264
𝑑 0.218 0.218

Modification should be needed if:

Where other stress levels are used, the values obtained using Expression
(7.16) should be multiplied by 310Τ𝜎𝑠 . It will normally be conservative to
assume that:

310 500 500

= = = 1.26
𝜎𝑠 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 400 ∗ 0.99
𝑓𝑦𝑘
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 41

 Cont.…
𝑙
Modified = 67.264 ∗ 1.26 = 84.86
𝑑

𝑙 5000
Actual = = 29.41
𝑑 170

𝑙 𝑙
= 29.41 < = 84.86 … … 𝑂𝑘!
𝑑 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

∴ Deflection will not exceed the permitted 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛/250.

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 42

 Cont.…
9.2. Check for cracking control
Load at ULS = 1.35 ∗ 8.605 + 1.5 ∗ 3 = 16.116𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Load at SLS= (1.0 ∗ 8.605) + (1.0 ∗ 3) = 11.605𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Stress 𝜎𝑠 in steel at 𝑆𝐿𝑆

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 @ 𝑆𝐿𝑆 11.605

= ∗ 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = ∗ 347.83
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 @𝑈𝐿𝑆 16.116

= 250.47𝑀𝑃𝑎

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 43

 Cont.…
Control of cracking without direct calculation as per
ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 section 7.3.3

For reinforced slabs in buildings subjected to bending

without significant axial tension, specific measures to
control cracking are not necessary where the overall
depth does not exceed 200𝑚𝑚 by restricting the bar
diameter or spacing as a simplification.

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 44

 Cont.…
Table 7.1N Recommended limiting values of crack
widths 𝑤𝑚𝑎𝑥 (mm) for different exposure class

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 45

 Cont.…

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 46

 Cont.…
From Table 7.3N of maximum bar spacing for crack
control for 0.3𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑋𝐶2 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 crack
width and 250.47𝑀𝑃𝑎 stress in steel, maximum spacing is
240𝑀𝑃𝑎 200𝑚𝑚

250.47 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥

280 150𝑚𝑚

250.47 − 240 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 200

= → 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 161.444𝑚𝑚
280 − 250.47 150 − 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 47

 Cont.…
The actual spacing provided is 210𝑚𝑚
exceed 161.444𝑚𝑚 . Hence, the slab is not
satisfactory with regard to cracking.
The recommended solution to satisfy cracking control
criteria is decreasing the spacing of flexural
reinforcement below 161.444𝑚𝑚.

Therefore, provide 𝜙10𝑚𝑚 c/c 150𝑚𝑚 ൫𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜 =

523.733𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚 𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏൯.

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 48

 Cont.…
Step 10: Detailing of reinforcements

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 49

 Cont.…
Load transferred to beam
▪ Generally, loads are transferred from the slab to the
beam in the form of shear.
Loading on beam

• Load from slab

• Partition load directly supported on the beam

• Own weight of the beam

For this particular example, without partition load on beam and

excluding the self-weight

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 50

 Cont.…

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 51

 Cont.…
▪ The design loads on beams supporting solid slabs
spanning in two directions at right angles and
supporting uniformly distributed loads may be
assessed from the following equations:

𝒗𝒔𝒚 = 𝜷𝒗𝒚 𝒒𝑳𝒙

𝒗𝒔𝒙 = 𝜷𝒗𝒙 𝒒𝑳𝒙

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 52

 Cont.…
𝒗𝒔𝒚 is design end shear on strips of unit width in the longer
direction considered to act over the middle three-quarters of the
edge.
𝒗𝒔𝒙 is design end shear on strips of unit width in the shorter
direction considered to act over the middle three-quarters of the
edge.
𝜷𝒗𝒙 shear force coefficients in the shorter direction may be
continuous or discontinuous depending on support conditions
𝜷𝒗𝒚 shear force coefficients in the longer direction may be
continuous or discontinuous depending on support conditions

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 53

 Cont.…

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 54

 Cont.…

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 55

 Cont.…

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 56

 Cont.…

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 57

 Cont.…
▪ To consider pattern loading load is transferred
separately for dead and live load cases.

Factored dead load= 1.35 ∗ 8.605 = 11.61675𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.5 ∗ 3 = 4.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

F𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑡 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 9.315𝑘𝑁

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 58

 Cont.…
Case 1: Dead load

𝑉𝑖 = 𝛽𝑣𝑖 𝑞𝑖 𝑙𝑥 𝑞𝑖 = 11.61675 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

P Types of 𝐿𝑦 𝐿𝑥 𝐿𝑦 𝛽𝑣𝑥,𝑐 𝛽𝑣𝑥,𝑑 𝛽𝑣𝑦,𝑐 𝛽𝑣𝑦,𝑑 𝑉𝑥,𝑐 𝑉𝑥,𝑑 𝑉𝑦𝑐 𝑉𝑦𝑑

support 𝐿𝑥

1 * 6 5 1.1 0.47 0.31 0.4 0.26 27.299 18.006 23.23 15.102

2 * 5 5 1 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 23.23 15.102 23.23 15.102
3 * 6 4 1.5 0.54 0.35 0.4 0.26 25.092 16.263 18.58 12.081
4 * 5 4 1.25 0.485 0.32 0.4 0.26 22.536 14.87 18.58 12.081

Load transfer from the cantilever part

Dead load case only 𝑉 = 23.2551 𝑘𝑁

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 59

 Cont.…

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 60

 Cont.…
Case 2: Live load

𝑉𝑖 = 𝛽𝑣𝑖 𝑞𝑖 𝑙𝑥 𝑞𝑖 = 4.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

P Types of 𝐿𝑦 𝐿𝑥 𝐿𝑦 𝛽𝑣𝑥,𝑐 𝛽𝑣𝑥,𝑑 𝛽𝑣𝑦,𝑐 𝛽𝑣𝑦,𝑑 𝑉𝑥,𝑐 𝑉𝑥,𝑑 𝑉𝑦𝑐 𝑉𝑦𝑑
support 𝐿𝑥

1 * 6 5 1.1 0.47 0.31 0.4 0.26 10.575 6.975 9 5.85

2 * 5 5 1 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 9 5.85 9 5.85
3 * 6 4 1.5 0.54 0.35 0.4 0.26 9.72 6.3 7.2 4.68
4 * 5 4 1.25 0.485 0.32 0.4 0.26 8.73 5.76 7.2 4.68

Load transfer from the cantilever part

Live load case only 𝑉 = 5.4 𝑘𝑁

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 61

 Cont.…

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 62

 Case 3: Single load case with maximum design load
Design load 𝑤 = 1.35𝑔𝑘 + 1.5𝑞𝑘 𝑉𝑖 = 𝛽𝑣𝑖 𝑞𝑖 𝑙𝑥
= 1.35 ∗ 8.605 + 1.5 ∗ 3 = 16.116 𝑘𝑁Τ𝑚
P Types of 𝐿𝑦 𝐿𝑥 𝐿𝑦 𝛽𝑣𝑥,𝑐 𝛽𝑣𝑥,𝑑 𝛽𝑣𝑦,𝑐 𝛽𝑣𝑦,𝑑 𝑉𝑥,𝑐 𝑉𝑥,𝑑 𝑉𝑦𝑐 𝑉𝑦𝑑
support 𝐿𝑥

1 * 6 5 1.1 0.47 0.31 0.4 0.26 37.873 24.98 32.232 20.95

2 * 5 5 1 0.4 0.26 0.4 0.26 32.232 20.95 32.232 20.95
3 * 6 4 1.5 0.54 0.35 0.4 0.26 34.81 22.56 25.786 16.76
4 * 5 4 1.25 0.485 0.32 0.4 0.26 34.265 20.63 25.786 16.76

Load transfer from the cantilever part

Single maximum design load case only 𝑉 = 28.654𝑘𝑁

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 63

 Cont.…

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 64

 The load on beam axis 2 by consider pattern
loading will be

Maximum span moment at AB

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 65

 Cont.…
Maximum span moment at BC

Maximum support moment at B

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 66

 Cont.…
The load on beam axis 2 by single load case with
maximum design load will be

How change this loads into uniformly distributed

throughout the span length?

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 67

Change the load into uniformly distributed over the whole
span length
Member AB

3 𝑉𝑠 𝐿 2
9 2 𝑤𝐿2
𝐹𝐸𝑀1 = ∗ 3𝐿 − 𝐿 𝐹𝐸𝑀2 =
4 24𝐿 16 12

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 68

 Cont.…
Equating the two fixed end moments

3 𝑉𝑠 𝐿 9 𝑤𝐿2
∗ 3𝐿2 − 𝐿2 =
4 24𝐿 16 12

3 𝑉𝑠 ∗ 6 2
9 2
𝑤 6 2
∗ 3 6 − 6 =
4 24 ∗ 6 16 12

→ 𝒘 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝟒𝑽𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝟒 ∗ 𝟓𝟗. 𝟕𝟗 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟔𝟒𝟖 𝒌𝑵Τ𝒎

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 69

 Member BC

3 𝑉𝑠 𝐿 2
9 2 𝑤𝐿2
𝐹𝐸𝑀3 = ∗ 3𝐿 − 𝐿 𝐹𝐸𝑀4 =
4 24𝐿 16 12

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 70

 Cont.…
Equating the two fixed end moments

3 𝑉𝑠 𝐿 9 𝑤𝐿2
∗ 3𝐿2 − 𝐿2 =
4 24𝐿 16 12

3 𝑉𝑠 ∗ 5 2
9 2
𝑤 5 2
∗ 3 5 − 5 =
4 24 ∗ 5 16 12

→ 𝒘 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝟒𝑽𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝟒 ∗ 𝟔𝟔. 𝟒𝟗𝟕 = 𝟔𝟎. 𝟕𝟖 𝒌𝑵Τ𝒎

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 71

 Cont.…

Then, design the beam as a continuous beam.

12/15/2024 Design of RC Two-way solid slab 72