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PEOPLE AS A RESOURCE

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5 views

PEOPLE AS A RESOURCE

Uploaded by

kkramesh555
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PEOPLE AS RESOURCE

Economic Activities by Men and Women

• Economic activities are development and wealth producing activities. It


creates economic and financial gain by producing goods and services and
adds value to the national income.

Sectors under economic activities

(i) Primary Sector


(ii) Secondary Sector
(iii) Tertiary Sector

(i) Primary Sector

It is also known as agriculture sector. This sector considers directly using of


natural resources. This sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry,
fishing, poultry farming, mining, and quarrying.

(ii) Secondary Sector

It is also known as manufacturing sector. This sector considers manufacturing


of goods.

(iii) Tertiary sector


This sector provides service. This sector includes trade, transport,
communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance.

Two parts of Economic activities

(i) Market activities


(ii) Non-market activities

(i) Market activities

Market activities consider production of goods or services including


government service for remuneration.

(ii) Non-market activities

Non-market activities consider production of goods or services for


self-consumption.

Works Performed under Economic activities

• There are huge difference between economic activity performed by men and
economic activity performed by women.
• Women look after domestic affairs like cooking of food, washing of clothes,
cleaning of utensils, housekeeping and looking after children. Men work in the
field.
• Men are paid for their work on the contrary women are not paid for their
performances in the house.
• The work done by men is recognized in the National Income whereas the
household work done by women is not recognized in the National Income.
Quality of Population

Quality of population is mainly in literacy rate and health of the population.


Literate and healthy populations are asset for a country.

(i) Education

• Education is the process of learning for acquisition of knowledge. It is an


important input for growth of a person.
• Development of a country is basically depended on literacy rate. When a
person is educated, then a family can be educated. After that, society can be
educated and hence literacy rate of the country can increase.

• An educated person can earn more income compared than an uneducated


person because of their skill. For this term, National income of a country can
increase.

• Governance efficiency can also be enhanced through learning process.

(ii) Health

• An unhealthy person is burden for a country in terms of economics. A


healthy mind create healthy environment. For development of a country,
healthy environment is compulsory.

• In India, states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have few medical colleges.
These states have poor health conditions.
• On the other hand, four states Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and
Maharashtra have majority in number of medical colleges with 81 medical
colleges out of 181.

• In India, infant mortality rate has come down from 147 in 1951 to 34 in 2016.

• Crude birth rates have dropped to 20.4 and death rates to 6.4 in 2016.

• Crude birth rate is the number of living births occuring in a given


geographical area per 1,000.

Unemployment

• Unemployment is a phenomenon that occurs when a person want to do work


but unable to find work.

• Unemployment is liability to the nation. It leads to wastage of manpower


resource.

Two types of unemployment found in rural areas:

(i) Seasonal unemployment


(ii) Disguised unemployment

(i) Seasonal unemployment

• In case of Seasonal unemployment, people are not able to find jobs during
some months of the year.
• Generally, in agriculture sector this kind of problem is visible. In agriculture
sector, some seasonal foodgrains are produced. So, the farmers are
employed only in that particular season.

(ii) Disguised unemployment

• Disguised unemployment happens when people appear to be employed.

• For example, in agriculture sector the field requires the service of six people
and nine people are worked in the same field then, three extra people are
come under the category of disguised unemployed. Production will not
decrease when three people are removed.

Urban areas unemployment

• In urban areas educated unemployment are seen. This problem occurs


when an educated person is willing to work but, he/she unable to find work.

• Number of graduated and post-graduated unemployed has increased faster


than among matriculates unemployed.

Infant mortality rate (IMR): Infant mortality rate is the death of a child who is
come under one year of age. It is measured by number of death of children
under one year of age per 1000 live births.
Birth rates: It is the number of babies born there for every 1,000 people
during a particular period of time.

Death rate: It is the number of people per 1,000 who die during a particular
period of time.

Gross National Product: Gross national product is the estimation of the


value of the final goods and services by the residents of the country in a given
time period.

National Income: National Income is the estimation of the value of the final
goods and services produced by a country in a given time period.

Human capital: Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge
embodied in human beings.

Human capital formation: Human capital formation includes the process of


training, medical care etc. Education and health are the source for the human
capital formation.

People as resources: It is a way of referring to a country’s workforce in terms


of existing skills and abilities.

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