GRAMMAR UNIT 4

PAST SIMPLE AND PAST CONTINUOUS

FORM EXAMPLES
(+) S + was/ were I was at my friend’s house
S = I/ He/ She/ It/ DT số ít + yesterday morning.
was They were in London on
S = We/ You/ They/ DT số their summer holiday last
nhiều + were year.

(-) S + was/were not + V She wasn’t very happy last

Động từ “to be” (wasn’t / weren’t) night because of having lost
money.
We weren’t at home
yesterday.
(?) Was/Were + S + V? Was she tired of hearing
her customer’s complaint
yesterday?
Were they at work
yesterday?
W-H_word+ Was/Were+ S?
Where was you yesterday?
FORM EXAMPLES
(+) S + V-ed/ BQT: tra cột 2 We studied English last
night.
He met his old friend near
his house yesterday
(-) S + didn’t + V He didn’t come to school
last week.
We didn’t see him at the
Động từ thường cinema last night.
(?) Did + S + V? Did you visit Ho Chi Minh
Museum with your class
last weekend?
Did he miss the train
yesterday?

WH+ Did+ S + V? Where did you go

yesterday?

CÁCH DÙNG
Hành động bắt đầu và kết thúc tại một Tom went to Paris last summer.
thời điểm trong quá khứ, không còn liên He died in 1895.
quan đến hiện tại. He visited his parents last week.
- các trạng từ thời gian thường đi với thì She went home last Friday.
quá khứ: last week/ night/ year/
month… ,
tgian + ago (cách đây), yesterday, in+
mốc thời gian trong quá khứ (in
1990…)
Hành động xảy ra suốt một quãng thời He worked in that bank for 4 years.
gian trong QK, đã chấm dứt trong quá Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of
khứ, không còn liên quan tới hiện tại music.

Diễn đạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp She came home, switched on=turn on the
trong quá khứ. computer and checked her e-mails.
She turned on her computer, read the
message on Facebook and answered it.
She drove into the carpark, got out of the
car, locked the doors, and walked toward
the theater.

Diễn tả hành động xảy ra thường xuyên, When he got something to think of, he
lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ (chỉ thói quen usually lit up a cigarette.
trong quá khứ). Thường sử dụng cấu trúc: -> He used to get ____ , he used to light
S+used to/ would + V. up a cigarette.

DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT

1. QKĐ dùng trong câu có “for + khoảng thời gian qk”
2. Dùng trong một số cấu trúc:
It’s + (high) time + S + V_ed: đã đến lúc làm gì đó
e.g: It’s high time we started to learn English.
It’s + tgian qk + since + S + V_ed: bao lâu kể từ khi …
e.g: It’s three years since I last saw him.
- yesterday (hôm qua).
- last night/week/month/ year: tối qua/tuần trước/tháng trước/năm ngoái.
- DT chỉ tgian + ago: cách đây (/ ).
two hours ago: cách đây 2 giờ, 2 giờ trước
two weeks ago: cách đây 2 tuần...
- in + một mốc thời gian trong quá khứ (in 1998, in 2000…).
- when + S + V(qkđ): khi (trong câu kể về sự việc trong quá khứ). (when small,
when he was young, when I was 6 years old.

EXERCISE
Complete the following sentences using the past simple forms of the verbs in
brackets.
1. Mary (go) went shopping with me yesterday.
2. The policeman (drive) __________ away ten minutes ago.
3. The biscuit factory (close) __________ last year.
4. The headmaster (come) __________ to the school in 1985.
5. You (spend) __________ a lot of money last month?
6. I last (go) __________ to Spain in 1990.
7. The boy (finish) __________ their homework yesterday.
8. Rolf (buy) __________ the leather jacket last week.
9. I (not have) __________ any trouble with my car last week.
10. She (wash) __________ her clothes last night
11. What you (do) __________ last weekend?
12. I (stay) __________ at home and (sleep)
13. When she was young, she (be) __________ beautiful and attractive.
14. You (join) __________ with them on a picnic last week?
15. People_____(build) this school in 2001.
16. Last year, my father_____(promise) to buy my sister a piano. She_____(be) very
delighted to hear this.
17. It_____(be) very hot last summer.
18. I_____(walk) home after the party last night.
19. The Chinese_____(invent) printing.
20. Sam and I_____(play) tennis yesterday. He was much better than I was, so
he_____(win) easily.
21. My grandpa_____(die) 30 years ago. I never_____(meet) him.
22. - You_____(go) to the movies last night?
- Yes, but it_____(be) a mistake. The movie_____(be) awful.
23. When I_____(get) home last night, I_____(be) very tired, so I_____(go) straight
to the bed.
24. Diane_____(use) to travel a lot. These days she doesn’t take many trips.
25. - When Joe and Carol_____(meet) each other?
- They first_____(meet) when they_____(be) in high school.
26. When Sarah_____(get) to the party last night, Eric had already gone home.
27. I_____(ring) you up two days ago but I_____(get) no answer. Where
you_____(be)?
28. When I_____(be) small, I often_____(play) with a doll.
Using the correct form of the words in the box to complete the following
entences.
teach cook want spend ring
be sleep study go write

1.She went out with her boyfriend last night.

2.Laura __________ a meal yesterday afternoon.
3.Mozart __________ more than 600 pieces of music.
4.I __________ tired when I came home.
5.The bed was very comfortable so they __________ very well.
6.Jamie passed the exam because he __________ very hard.
7.My father __________ the teenagers to drive when he was alive.
8.Dave __________ to make a fire but there was no wood.
9.The little boy _______hours in his room making his toys.
10.The telephone __________ several times and then stopped before I could answer
it.
PAST CONTINUOS
FORM
(+) S + was/were + V_ing
(-) S+ was/ were + not + V-ing
(?) Was/ were + S+ V-ing?
DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT
Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
-Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ kèm theo thời điểm xác
định.
+ at + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ (at 12 o'clock last night,...)
+ at this time + thời gian trong quá khứ (at this time two weeks ago,...)
- Trong câu có "when” khi diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra và một hành động
khác xen vào.when + QKD, QKTD.
- Dùng “while” để diễn tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ.
QKDT while(trong khi) QKTD
*LƯU Ý: không dùng httd với các động từ chỉ nhận thức, tri giác hoặc sở hữu. Thay
vào đó dùng thì QKĐ
VD: when students (hear) heard the bell, they (leave) left their class.
CÁCH DÙNG
Diễn đạt hành động đang xảy ra tại một We(have) were having dinner at 7 p.m
thời điểm trong quá khứ. yesterday.
The children (play) were playing football
at this time yesterday.
I (wave) her but she (not looking).
What (do) you at 10 o’clock last night?
I (do) my homework at 6p.m yesterday.
What (do)you at this time yesterday?
Diễn đạt hai hành động xảy ra đồng thời While I was doing my homework, my
trong quá khứ. sister was listening to music.
while QKTD, QKTD While I (work) in the garden, I (hurt) my
back
QKTD while QKTD While he (run) for a bus, he (collide) with
a lamp post.
While she (walk) in the mountains, Henry
(see) a bear
Diễn đạt hành động đang xảy ra thì có When she had a bath, the telephone was
hành động khác xen vào. ringing.
WHEN QKD, QKTD. When I (come) came yesterday, he was
sleeping (sleep).
QKTD WHEN QKD When the starter (fire) his pistol, the race
(begin)
I (walk) home when it (start) to rain.
He (sit) in the garden when a wasp (sting)
him on the nose.
Vicky (have) a beautiful dream when the
alarm clock (ring).

I. Complete the following sentences using the past continuous forms of the
verbs in brackets.
1. This time last year I_____(live) in Brazil.
2. What you_____(do) at 10:00 last night?
3. At that time yesterday, I_____(write) a letter.
4. She_____(learn) English at school at 7:45 yesterday morning.
5. - What you_____(do) at this time last night? - I was asleep.
6. Matt burned his hand while he_____(cook) lunch.
7. I saw you in the park yesterday. You_____(sit) on the grass and _____(read) a
book.
8. When I came home, my mother_____(prepare) the meal.
9. Jane_____(wait) for me when I arrived.
10. Yesterday evening, while my mother_____(cook) in the kitchen, my
father_____(watch) the news on TV.
11. Just as I_____(leave) the house, I heard an explosion from the inside the lab.
12. When Beth arrived, we_____(have) dinner.
13. Why didn’t you listen to me while I (talk)_____with you?
14. Michiko couldn’t come to the phone when the director called her because
she_____(work) in the factory.
15. I_____(enjoy) the party, but Chris wanted to go home.
II. Fill in the blanks with “When” or “While”.
1. I was reading a book when suddenly I heard a noise.
2. Rose’s husband was talking on the phone _______________ she was making
breakfast.
3. Sandra and Kathy were talking in the living room ________________the doorbell
rang. Ben played in a basketball team _________________ he was a kid.
5. Sharon came home ____________________ her brother was playing video games.
6. He was practicing the guitar __________ she was playing the piano.
7. They were sleeping _________________ the burglars broke in.
8. We were having a lesson ______________ we heard a terrible noise.
9. _________________ I was cycling, the rain started.
10. He broke his arm _________________ he was playing basketball.
III. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets in PAST
SIMPLE or PAST CONTINUOUS.
1. When you (come) came, I (send) was sending an email.
2. We (cross) __________________ them when they
(see) __________________ the street.
3. Paul (phone) _________________ English when you
(learn) _________________.
4. The accident (drive) ____________ when Paul and Tina
(happen) _______________home.
5. I (cut) __________________ my finger while I
(cut) __________________ the meat.
6. We (drink) _________________ soccer while she
(play) _________________ water.
7. He (run) ______________ when he (see) ______________ me.
8. The children (sleep) _________________when I
(enter) _________________the bedroom.
9. It __________________(rain) when I (leave) _________ home so I had to bring
a raincoat.
10. Pete __________________(win) the game last month.
11. I __________________(watch) a nice movie at the cinema yesterday.
12. We ___________________(arrive) at the villa 2 days ago.
13. Jess and Ann ________________(play) badminton when it______________
(start) raining.
14. Mr. Brown________________(go) to the park when he_____________(meet) his
neighbor Mr. Smith.
15. He ______________(write) a lot of letters to his friend but______________(get)
no answer.
16. We __________________(visit) the museum last Saturday.
17. The children (watch) ________________ TV when the lights (go)
______________.
18. Jorge and Mark (practice) _____________ speaking English while their father
(fix) ______________ the car.
19. We (do) _____________ homework while they (sweep)____________the floor.
20. It (rain) ______________ when the phone (ring) __________________.
21. My father (cook) ______________ dinner when the guests (appear)
__________________.
22. The twins (play) ___________ video games when the electricity (go)
____________ out.
23. Sally __________(practice) for the concert while her mum__________(have) a
phone call.
24. Fluffy ____________(stand) at the window when she__________ (see) some
birds outside.
25. When the teacher _____(come) into the room, two boys
________________(play) football.
26. When Helen _________(cross) the street, she ______________(come) across an
old friend.
27. At 7.00 this morning, Tony _____________(get) out of bed and then
___________(go) into the bathroom.
28. I __________________(work) as a teacher when I first ____________(meet) my
boyfriend.
WISH SENTENCE
1. Wish ở hiện tại
Cấu trúc wish có thể được sử dụng để thể hiện mong ước
một điều gì đó không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc giả
định một điều trái ngược so với thực tế. Cách dùng
này giống với cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại II.
Ngoài ra, để nói về điều ước của bản thân, chúng ta có thể
thay I wish bằng If only.
(+): S + wish(es) + (that) + S + V-ed
(-): S + wish(es) + (that) + S + not + V-ed
Cấu trúc If only: If only + (that) + S + (not) + V-ed
Ví dụ:
Tom wishes that he had a big house (he does not have a
big house, and he wants to.(Tom ước anh ấy có một ngôi
nhà to.)
I wish that we didn’t need to work today (we do need to
work today). (Tôi ước rằng tôi không phải làm việc hôm
nay.)
If only that you lived close by (you don’t live close by).
(Giá như tôi sống ở gần đây.)
Lưu ý:
1. Trong các trường hợp trang trọng, ta dùng were thay
cho was trong câu ước. Tuy nhiên cách dùng was cũng
được chấp nhận.
I wish I were a boy. (Tôi ước tôi là một thằng con trai.)
She wishes she were a rich person. (Cô ấy ước cô ấy là
người giàu có.)
2. Chúng ta có thể sử dụng could trong câu wish để thể
hiện khả năng làm một việc gì đó hoặc khả năng xảy ra
điều gì đó.
I wish that I could speak Spanish. (Tôi ước tôi có thể nói
tiếng Tây Ban Nha.) =>but, unfortunately, I can’t speak
Spanish
I wish that we could go to the party tonight =>
(unfortunately, we’re busy so we can’t go). (Tôi ước chúng
ta có thể tham dự buổi tiệc tối nay.)
1. I am not good at English.
→ I wish ……………………………………….………
2. He studies badly.
→ I wish ……………………………………….………..
3. He doesn’t like playing sports.
→ I wish ……………………………………….…
4. I don’t have a computer.
→ I wish ……………………………..………….………
5. Today isn’t a holiday.
→ I wish ……………………………………….…………
6. I can’t sing this song.
→ I wish ………………………………………….…………
7. I have to study hard.
→ I wish ……………………………………….……………
8. We had a lot of homework yesterday.
→ I wish …………………………………………………
9. It is raining heavily.
→ I wish ……………………………………….……….
10. It was cold last night. .
→ I wish ……………………………………….……..
2. Wish ở quá khứ
Cấu trúc wish có thể được sử dụng để thể hiện mong ước,
thường là nuối tiếc về một việc không có thật ở quá khứ
hoặc giả định điều gì đó trái ngược với quá khứ. Cách dùng
này giống với cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 3.
(+): S + wish(es) + (that) + S + had + V3
(-): S + wish(es) + (that) + S + had not + V3
Cấu trúc If only: If only + (that) + S + had (not) + V3
Eg:
I wish that I had studied harder at school. (I didn’t study
hard at school, and now I’m sorry about it). (Tôi ước rằng
tôi đã học hành chăm chỉ hơn ở trường học.)
I wish that I hadn’t eaten so much yesterday! (But I did
eat a lot yesterday. Now I think it wasn’t a good idea). (Tôi
ước rằng tôi đã không ăn quá nhiều vào ngày hôm qua!)
If only that the train had been on time. (But
unfortunately the train was late, and so I missed my
interview). (Tôi ước đoàn tàu đã đến đúng giờ.)
3. Wish ở tương lai
Cấu trúc wish có thể được sử dụng để thể hiện mong ước
một việc nào đó xảy ra hoặc một điều gì đó tốt đẹp trong
tương lai.

(+): S + wish(es) + (that) + S + would/could + V

(-): S + wish(es) + (that) + S + would/could + not + V
Cấu trúc If only: If only + S + would/could + (not) + V
Eg:
I wish that John wouldn’t busy tomorrow (he is busy
tomorrow). (Tôi ước John không bận vào ngày mai.)
If only he could take the trip with me next month. (Tôi
ước anh ấy có thể tham gia chuyến đi với tôi vào tháng
sau.)
She wishes we could attend her wedding next week. (Cô
ấy ước chúng tôi có thể tham dự lễ cưới của cô ấy tuần
sau.)
Lưu ý:
1. Chúng ta không dùng wish với những điều có khả
năng xảy ra trong tương lai. Thay wish bằng hope.
Eg: I hope that you pass your exam. (Tôi hy vọng bạn sẽ
vượt qua kỳ thi.
=> (NOT: I wish that you passed the exam).
I hope that Julie has a lovely holiday. Tôi hy vọng Julie sẽ
có một kỳ nghỉ vui vẻ
=> (NOT: I wish that Julie had a lovely holiday)..
2. Chúng ta có thể sử dụng wish + would để nói về
một điều ta không thích, cảm thấy khó chịu và mong
muốn ai đó hoặc điều đó thay đổi trong tương lai. Cấu trúc
này không dùng với bản thân và những điều không thể
thay đổi (trừ thời tiết).
I wish that the neighbours would be quiet! (They are not
quiet and I don’t like the noise.)
Tôi ước hàng xóm của mình có thể yên tĩnh một chút!
I wish that you wouldn’t smoke so much! (You do
smoke a lot and I don’t like it. I want you to
change this.)
Tôi ước anh đừng có hút thuốc nhiều như vậy!