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Ratio and Proportion from Mentors

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Ratio and Proportion from Mentors

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htushar900
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Concept 19 Ratio & Proportion nu MENTORS’ MathQBank Concept 19 (Ratio & Proportion) @ Ratio is simply an expression of a fraction. The ratio of a to b is written as a: b (ais to b) and means a divided by b (a/b) ‘The ratio of b to a is written as b: a (b is to a) and means b divided by a (b/a) ‘These two ratios are inverse of one another since a/b and b/a are reciprocals. ® _ Ifaset of objects is divided into 2 groups in the ratio of a:b then the first group contains a/(a+b) of the objects and the second group contains b/(a+b) of the objects. Similar rule is also applicable for groups of 3 or higher. ® If two numbers are in the ratio of a:b, then for some number x, the first number is ax and the second number is bx. ® The equality of two ratios is called proportions. acb = 3:4 or a/b =3/4is a proportion. ®@ If A:B=23 & B:C = 4:5. We can combine these two ratios by multiplying the common part of the ratio (here, B) on both sides. Example: A:B=2* 4:34 & B:C=4x3:5%3, Then, A:B:C will be 8:12:15, Example 1: A football team had a ratio of win to lose of 3:1. After winning 6 games ina row. the team’s ratio of win to lose became 5.1. How many games had the team won before it won the six games? (A) 24 (B) 12 (9 (D)6 (E)3 Solution: 7 #f, 6 games taer “4 team BI x games TACATRT | 346 3e2A 5 oy a7; -, Answers 2% ug 4 4 4 eo : Page-249 ~ ° ENTS Mab QB $$$ —— nnn wiinctiant Exercise 12 ci ESS percentofthe people who purchase a certain procs female, whats the ratio of fb eee (BBA 5355 the number of females who purchase the product tothe number of males who purchase a°5 ; the product? (BBA 00-01) (A)1t03, (31020 (C)Sto12_ (D)3to4 = E) 5tod wre ®)10/9 oxo myn (5/9 2 0.179 written asa ratio of 2: (BBA 34) se . is . cia. The ratio of green, red and yellow marbles in a box is 3445. If 10 green marbles are (4)176/550" (@)178/998 (17/99 (0) 179/988 ss lashes removed and 5 red marbles are added, the total number of marbles becames 103, How © x:ysy:215andz=2 whatisthe value ofx? (BBA 9455 rmany yellow marbles were in the bow? (BBA 01-02) a3 4 (CS (a2 © ss ©)50 none these Ok. A football eam had a ratio of win to loss of 3:1. After winning 6 games in a row, te pe : : . i iB a Tow Se oy The ratio of water and salt ina 16 hy of salt-water solution is 31. How much water in eee fm corer hab eaten rabies kg must be added to make the rato of water to salt 1? (BBA 01-02) We en os os ©3 : 2 ®3 os Mes ©) none of these sit hails inact sss = ofthefolining I. Hab > (A)TK205 @)TK195 (C)TKISD. (D)Tk100_ E) None of these ae ae Ss a Can OG, UABALIRCHtIinAbCet whatchevauectar sas) | TH EBefxequlsOhofyandaetofyepabaniote whatktenioctoat 7 80 Lad ® (100 120 aw (Aj12 @®1 ©os ©).75 (E) none of these - Page-250 —_- — Page-251 ° MERTERE Ato ond - . em. ‘Dieringe pactoniar day, x number of applicants came to BA to submit their application, before hunch. OF them Ae were male applicants. On the same day, y number applicants came to subest their appications after lunch and all of them were mai appicants On that particular day, the ratioof male applicants to female applicants way £1 Coble vin terme of (BBA 08.04, (QI HOW OO (B) None of these ‘Theve trends - Kamrul Omor and Muar divided Th. 1105 amongst them in such away shat TH 20 TA Band Th 1S were mowed from the amount that Kamrul, Om ant Maaz received respectively, then the share of the amount they got would be in the rato of22. 84 How much did Muaz receive? (BBA 08-5) Aes BSI || AW Polash started a busines: on the fint day of 2008. Qader joined the business of Pola com partnemip contract with double investment of Polash on July 1 of 2008. Sahel. the tint day of September 20S, joined the partnership business of Polash and Quer with thrice the investment of Polash. The firm eamed a profit of Th. 72,000 on 31+ ‘December, 2008. What will be the share of profit of Sohel? (BBA 09-1 (A) Th 36.000 B) TH.24.00 (C) Ta 12000 (D) Tk 18,000 (E) none of these Mose (D)375__E)none ot these Me Noman is in charge of a special snake farm in Gaibandha. The farm has two types ‘of snutes: Cobras and Pythons. After a recent stock taking he was surprised to find that 1 tenant taten nen wn ty gto ofthe aed scukes in the farm, What is the ratio of the number of Pythons to the number of Cobras in the farm? (BBA 0-10) (Ayie B13 (12 D2S_(E) cannot be determined Ages of twee persons ane now in the proportion of 2:3: 4 and in five years from now, ‘the proportion willbe 5:7: §. What is the present age of the youngest person? (MBA 9657) ae Os Ox O15 (E) none of these The ratio of marbles collected by Amir. Mohtasim and Adib is 1:2:5. If Mohtasim give Smarbles to Amir and receives 6 marbles from Adib the ratio becomes 3:5:8, How many muntbies did Adib have? (MBA 0748) {Aj 30 0% (yas '/4 of Same’s income and 1/3 of Mohtasim’s income equal Tk. 1,100. If 1/8 of Sams sscume is equa! to '/5 of Mohtasim’s income, what is Mohtasim’s income? (MBA 9S?) (E) none of these (E) None of these as | 0D) N00 4 @30 om. va. 36, v7. v38, WENT ORE Mattos WA+ 2, 2 Cand 2 what pat of Bier (04a oo01) 5 4 2 ‘ ws w? wo? (7m = 4 ‘A box contains 24 balls, some red and some black. Fach of the following could be the ratio of red to black balls except (MBA 2-0 (yan (B)3:1 (53 (p43 (5a “The ratio of giels to boys in a class is 87, The number of students in the class could be any of the following except. ‘OMBA ci-06) ao was «O% (Dm 9% ‘The ratio of incomes of Ali & Baby is 5:4 and the ratio of theit expenditure is 4:3. 1f Ali saves Tk 500 per month, what i the income of Baby? (BBA 98-99) (A) TK 2,500 (B) Tk, 2,000 (C) Tk. 1,500(D) Tk. 1,000 (E) cannot be determined Ifaright angled isosceles triangles inscribed in a semi circle, what is the ratio of the area of the circle to the area of the triangle? (BBA 98-99) wy wy (On/2 — ()2n (7 Ina sugar solution the ratio of water to sugar was 4:1. Ifthe total weight of the solution was 2 kg, how much more sugar should be added so thatthe ratio becomes 5:2? (BBA 98-99) (AO3kg (BOP —(C).2AKg_—(D).3ZKg_—_(E)none of there In 24 kg of salt water, 8% is salt; of another mixture, 4% is salt, How many hg of 2 solution must be added to the first mixture to geta solution that is 5% salt? (BBA 9-00) (aa (8) 36 as On (&)%6 If yx/2? = 27 and y2/2x = 1/(3N3), what isthe ratio of 2 to y? (BBA 02.03) (Ax (B)3/3_ (C3 (D) 3N3(E) none of these Two friends, Noor and Rahat, entered into a partnership investing Th. 700 and Tk. 600 respectively. After 3 months, Noor withdrew 2 his investment but after 3 months, he reinvested } of what he had withdrawn. The profit the end ofthe year was Tk 728 If the profit was shared according, to time weighted investment, then what was the difference between the profits of those two friends? (BBA O10) {A)Tk.360(B) TKD (C)TK26 (D)TK.6 —_(E)None of these ‘Sams, Mohtasim and Aasim started a business jointly with a total amount of Tk. 280, Sams paid Tk. 45 more than Mohtasim andl Mohtasim pail Tk, 70 less than Aasim. If the company made a profit of Tk. 56, how much profit shoul Mohtasim receive? (MBA 98.99) CB) none of these (a2 () 20 (2s (D)27 ETE NB a S39, have workers X Yand Z are paid a total of Tk 5500 for a particular job. X is pag 1153.33% of the amount paid to Y and Y is paid 75% of the amount paid to Z: How muc, is paid 02? (MBA C245) (ALD — HSH (LH (D)2000_—_E)none of these ‘FH. The rato of income of Kamran and Dolon is 3. The ratio of their expenditures is 45 Find the ratio of thei savings ifthe savings of Kamran is one fourth of his income? MBA 519 ss Ww «O48 = Ms) 1020 Val. Last year, the ratio of salary of Xand ¥ was 12 and that of X and Z was 13. This yex: ‘everyone got an increment of Tk. 1000. FZ.is now drawing Tk. 25,000, what is the in Tk of Y this year? (MBA 2015 (ays B70 (ITI (D)18000_—_(E) none of these V2 The cost of 1 kg. of cashew nut is Tk. 500 and the cost of 1 kg. of pistachio nut is Tk ‘580. At what proportion should they be mixed so that the resultant mixture costs Tk 550 perks? (MBA 2015 (23 @)34 (35 mas (©)none of these G43 Taka 3660 is divided among X, Y and Z in such a way that if Tk 10, Tk 20and Tk 3) are removed from the sums that X.Y and Z received respectively, then the share of he ‘sums that they will get will bein the ratio of 3: 4:5. How much did X receive? (BA 2015 (0 = B)HS_— (HO ~—(D)9M1S5_——E)noneof these it. Ina club the ratio of men and women is 167. The ratio of married men and martied ‘women is 43, Find the percentage of married men if 60% of the women are maried. (MBA 2013 (aysse 2% (OS — (D)52S% —_(E)noneof these V5. Slitresare drawn froma container full of mango juice and is then filled with water. This ‘operation is performed three more times. The ratio of the quantity of mango juice now lettin container to that ofthe mixture i 16:81. How much mango juice did the containe: hold orginally? (BBA 201319) (A)2tlitres (6) litres (C)36lites (D) A2litres (E) none ofthese (©46. Theratio ofthe numbers of BBA students and MBA students in a certain business schot was5:3. Some new students were admitted tothe business school, BBA and MBA in tte ratio of 5:7. At this, the total amber of students in the school became 1200 and the a2 ‘of BBA to MBA changed to 7:5. What was the number of students in the business schoo! before new admissions? 7% =) (CH ©)>%60 (€) Cannot be determined = Page-254, — rr ator @47 Acompany paid Tk 500,000 in merit raises to employees whose performance were rated ‘A.Bor C. Each employee rated A received twice the amount of the raise that was paid to ‘each employee rated C, each employee rated B received 1.5 times the amount of the raise that was paid to each employee rated C. 150 workers were rated A, 100 were rated B, and 150 were rated C, how much was the raise paid to each employee rated A? (8A 2013-14) AVTK370 BTR OS OTTO D)TK 1 F)TK 2500 ‘v48, Ina certain used-car lot, there are 4 times as many blue cars as green cars and 1/3 a8 ‘many green cars as red cars. If there are 4q red cars in the lot, how many blue cars are in the lot? (BBA 2015-16) (aq @)3q (49/3 (D)16q/3__)none of these @49. Ifa and b are integers greater than 100 such that a + b = 300, which of the following could be the exact ratio of a tob? (BBA 2015-16) (A)9to1— @)Sto2_~— (C)5to3.—(D)4tol-—« (E302 @50. The average age of a team is 327 years. The average age of the males in the team is 332 years and the average age of the females is 32.2 years. What is the ratio of the ‘number of females to the number of males in the team? (BBA 2019-20) 32 @11 ©35 2312 V51. One year ago, the ratio of salary of Nasir and Gaurav was 538, Ratio between this year’s and last year’s salary of Nasir is 28.25 and the same for Gaurav's is 23:20. Ifthe sum of their present salary is Tk. 118, the difference between their present salary is: (MBA 17) (ATKHS B)TK30 (CTK 2S (D)TKAO (E)noneof these B52 1630% of (xy) = 20% of (x + y), then what is the ratio of x to y? (MBA 17) sa (3a aa ()52——_(E) none ofthese ©53. Pavle's monthly income is Tk. 5250. The ratio of his monthly expenditure to savings is 8:7. From the next month, he wants to increase his savings by Tk. 550 while his monthly income will remain unchanged. What will be the new ratio of his monthly savings to expenditure. (MBA 18-19) (32 B21 87 (43 ©) Noneof these 54. Nahiyan and Moon's salary was BDT 43,200 and BDT 28,800 respectively, both their salary got increased by X and now ratio oftheir salary is 75. find the value of X (MBA 19-20) A.5400 B.7200 C.8800-—-Dcan'tremember EE. noneof these 55. Which of the two statements is necessary to answer the following question: What percent of employees in company m is married? (MBA 19-20) 1) the ratio of male to female is 32 1 he parentage of mared mens 20% and manied women 2% Ai C.bothIand ii Deeitheriorii E.none of these = Page-255 ° MENTORE’ MathQDank ——. Which ofthe following fractions is closest to 1/2? wi Os OOM (TNS 9/16 The ratio of a tobis twice the ratio of toc. Ifa,b, and care positive integers, which ‘of the following statements cannot be true? (A)cis16%lessthana, —_(B)cis 2% less than a. Oa {D)ais 125% greater than c. (E) ais 28% greater than c. ‘The ratio by weight, measured in pounds, of books to clothes to electronics in Jorge's suiteas initially stands at 8 to 5 to3. Riad then removes 4 pounds of clothing from his suitcase, thereby doubling the ratio of books to clothes. Approximately how much do the electronics inthe suitcase weigh, to the nearest pound? A3 Ba C5 D6 E7 Raiad, Zafar, and Shyam invest money in the ratio 3:4:5 in fixed deposits having respective annual interest rates inthe ratio 65:4. What is their total interest income (in S)aftera year, if Zafa's interest income exceeds Raiad’s by $250? Aso "B70 © C6350 D650, 6000 Three coworkers Tarique, Mursalin, and Muib met for a dinner. Tarique bought 5 sandwiches, Mursalin bought 3 sandwiches and Muib bought none. Both Tarique and ‘Mursalin shared their sandwiches with Muib such that each got the same amount. If Mulb paid a total of $8 to Tarique and Mursalin, how much of $8 should Tarique ger? “Assume both sandwiches and Dollars can be split. (a)s3 ws Os (55 (E)S7 28% less than c. Answer Key Exercise 19 1c] 2D] 3c 74cl] se 76D] 7B 8.D 9.E | 10.8 WE] RAL BB LMC ALICE | Cc] 16D] 19.8 | OE AB] 2D] BALA BC) 6c | WB | 268A] 29.8 | 30D 31.C [328 | 33.E [4c] 35D 3A | 37.D | 38.E | 39.D | 40.D a1.B | @C|@C|MAl GA | 46D | 47.D | 48D | 49.E | 508 B.C [S2A | 53D 1545) 55.8 | 56D] 57-A] 58C | 53A] OE MENTORS’ MathQBank ot 2 25:12 (cao) (D)0.179 = 179/1000. axes sree wrt (D). 52 yexs ye = e152 18 2y 15%2 “xed (©) = #8, 6 games owen ef team Mx gamestertion 123 Sox = 12; -. Answer= 4 (8) Cor TT (CTR) OT ratio TE BM ETE EM ratio RCE GEE Fe A FT AE eae, A 9:10G69+1= 10 Um IOfew EE B5:10Ce5+1=6eR10Rew A ©. 4:1oeed + 1=5 E10 ferme, D. 3:20a63 +2=5 um 10 ers ee E. 1:10e¥1+1= 20210 Rerereoe (D) 4 #8, frst pole et height = x ft. x3 Zrfox-w 414 19. 9p 41404" 76p 21409 =56p—> L= 5622 FE = yn BP 1409 = 7ep 140g Sop-> Saat (Dy weer, ee ee DREN eT PROT 11494744231; total =x, 2. 4 = 1200-9 = 300 x31 = 9300 (E) % sugar et fret = x gram 1, G2, flour ae “N= 2x gram sextet ero 2 femr sugars 3 rts een.ae tes Mara 3r Gs Be= 50 114=2050-94-205 2 AB= 36 BC=68 « ABC=368 10530 18 3265 x36 195 346+8. 17 aB=12=24 BC=4:3 ABC =2 43 2 A= 6002/9 = 140 (A), x8 ove = 10064 Mo = 55 WH ereet, gare = (100-55) = 45 = V Ratio of female to male = 55:45 MENTE” Math QB a al no. of marbles = 108 45 13, (B) Total no. of marbles =103H105 -. ‘no. of yellow mazbles = 108 x 12 Me atette Le tngraer ste +: (16~ 12) =4 Kg water add 76 et) ‘Alternate solution: Total = 16 kg, So, Water = 12 kg & Salt = 4 kg Let the amount of water be x that we need to add to the existing mixture. (2499/4=4/1 Or, 124x=16 Orx=4 Cis the correct answer. 1S. (Ajazba34be245e:d=54,d:0=47 Baad od eb ede 3,454.3 SET 7 16. (@) Halim: kalim:salim = 5000; 7000; a 57:12 wes, 1111 re sali x = (1111 « ) Bret = 555.5 Bret ror 17. © Gaenmaeatc Bes Red matbles=24x 15 ratio 1: 1 green ¢ Red marble "ER Ex ER, 15-9 = 6 green marble add wxEET! 18, (D) Ratio of red paint to total amount of paint = 5/(5+242) = 5:9 9. Bed xtmetm on 3ntSn__3m+5n _2n+Sn _ 7m een 3° "Gm=n 2Gm)-n 4n—n 3m 3° 0) 20. &) FF nm oR VS equation () c¥x =, 75y equation (I) cows, SAT 5 on ty $7=375y +5 gti: SAT ates) recep a or,y=-8 O88 24. 2. 3x 100 10 Bx 1dy=5x ay= Ta Faas. (A) ©, rr ew cone ot Kamrul e113, Omor we 18x-4m Muaz oe 24. Tix 10+ 18x +20+ 24+ 15 = 1105 “x= 20 So, Muaz = 2024+ 15 = 495 (Ans. A) (8) Polash ct investment x for 2 months So, Qader «investment 2x for 6 months ‘And, Sohel et investment 3x for 4 months So, Ee investments SET mE, Tusk Profit MCT UR 72,000 5000 So, Sohel «# Profit = (© 558, cobras =C Python 3C=20+2P C= o> Eat Ans: (©) 12 6 (Cpe, een rove eo Dx, 3x, 5 TRE EH RITE tS, 3x 45, 4x +5, BUR OPT, 2x 45: 3x+5 =5:7 => x =10, present age of the youngest = 2 « 10 = 20 years. (B) 598, Abir et wre marbel xR Mohtasim ax ¥remarbel 2x era Adib a'ere Sx marbel =e Am | x+3 43 ©, marbel exchange ae, A= , Babu 2-346" 2x+3 St 35 5x4 15 6x49 1. X= 61. Adib ar-ere marbel fer Sx =5 x 6 = 301 ee a= 259) = MENTORS! MathQBank 4 ww 4B emo sanea-enmen, 4 3B sabe rzen00 = 448 =12« 110045 “ape I2X1100K5 _ 12100%5 500. 30, (D) ed erect = 24; Tem ratio as RE A ETE ATEN COTE 24 et factor =| Answer choice (D) re 4:3 weecoren 7, 31. (©Ratio= 87 ort 8+7=15 wh, at ROT 1S we heer et We, TE ERT SO CET 32. (BE) S*¥%, Ali tincome =xTk. « Baby tincome = “£; Ali at expenditure = x- 50; 0, Baby ¥ expenditure =2==2, (© The center ofthe circle resides in line BC. Therefore, the length of ine BC must equal 2, where +s the radius ofthe circle and angle BAC isa right angle. 3; 078 SF solve TEA! 3. By pytharogous, AB?+ AC?= BC?, where BC is 2rand. ‘ABand AC are the same length (since the triangle is isocles) and can be donated by z. ‘Therefore, 22? = (2#?, which can be solved to show that z= na. ‘The base and height ofthe triangle are AB and AC, therefore the area of the triangle would be 0.5x12x 121° Since the radius ofthe circle is, the area ofthe circle = ra? (Area ofcircle)/ (area of triangle) =( x8) / 2= (6) 34. (C)Now amount of Sugar = (1/5) x2 = 0.4 kg: == 9% X ofFes sugar add =e EX 2 Xr04ebigonon2saterastei2exe 1 w0zt rt et MENTORS’ MathQBank 35. (D) Applying the spider method 37, (D)Noor 2700 = 200 Tk withdraw we eee reinvest wt 3 200 = Tk.120 = 6 month " Noor «* investment Tk (700-200 + 120) = Tk. 620 Noor: Rahat < investment = (200 x 3 + 500 x 3 + 620 x 6): (600 x 12) «Investment difference = 183180 38. ( Partnership business cea eee: Sees Ee x partner Xs SW invest Fa, profit aa fee ‘FEET (percent) 2 partner “Te! -. TR SIO Oe OO = TREO Oe, 2K THI (Dp Ure cars = bg. Then. green cars 49/3 and blue cars = 4q «4/3 = 169/3. (© Foran insegers if ratio 2b the integers has tobe divisible by a+b soonly A D, Eare possible answers ‘Fer A and D, if values are found they will be less than 100. ‘Therefore, Eis the answer SQ. (B) Letthere bem men on the team and w women on the team. Therefore, for the average tobe equal 032.7, (AmAHIw) (ew) = V7 => Rtn + Dw =m + Iw => Ran 32m = Iw D3 => 05m=05w Be =Smw=1®) sh Therefore, 25 = QS°5)25=56 ForGaurav, (Current yearPast year = 2320 $0,088 Therefore, 23 5(23°S)/20=92 So, ratio of current year’s salary of Nasir and Gaurav is 5.69.2 = 14:23 So, difference = 23/(14+23))"1184~ (14/(14+23))*1184 = 288 20 of (ey) = of (+9) 03x-03y =02x+02y xiy=5/1 MENTORS’ MathQBank 33. 55, 56. 37. expenses “savings — 7 Expenses = (8 x 5250)/15= 2800 ‘Savings = 5250-2800 = 2450 New expenses = 2800 ~ 550 =2250 New savings = 2450 + 550 =3000 rnew savings 3000 4 ew expenses 2250 — 3) ® “After increase, Nahiyan’s salary = 43,200 + x “Moon's salary = 28,800 + x ‘According to the question, (43200+X)/(28,800+X) =7/5 (Or, 216000 + 5x = 201600 +7 7,200 Explanation: Given in “i, the number of married men is 20%and the number of married women is 25% The total number of married employees is = (20425) = 45%. Option i does not provide sufficient information to reach a conclusion. It only states the ratio of male to female. Look at the similarity in all choices- they all EXCEPT E are of type x/2x-1) and for any integer x, this value is always >1/2. This will wil keep getting closer to 1/2 ‘with higher VALUE of x. Hence, answer is D. Given that: a/b = 2b/cor ac = 2xb? orb? = ac/2 Since b* has to be a perfect square, ac/2 Also must be a perfect square. Let us now test the options A) Let a=100x, c=84x (16% less). Then b= ac/2 = 8400x2/2 = 4200x. This is NOT a perfect square as x? is a perfect square, but 4200 is not. So their product CANNOT be a perfect square. This is our answer B) Let a=100x, so c=98x. b* = 9500x#/2 = 4900%?, 4900 is a perfect square so this is a perfect square. ©) Let c=100x, a=72x. bi = 7200x2/2 = 3600, 3600 is a perfect square so this is a perfect square. D) Let e=100x, so a=112.5x. b! = 11250x?/2 = 5625x2, 5625 sa perfect square so this is a perfect square. E) Let c=100x, so a =128x. b? = 12600x*/2 = 6400x7. 6400 isa perfect square so this is a perfect square. ncn MENTORS’ MathQBank ...... 58. 59, (C) Initially the ratio of B: C: E can be written as 8x: 5x: 3x. ‘After removing 4 pounds of clothing, the ratio of books to clothes is doubled. This can be expressed as follows: 8x/5x-4 = 16/5. Now, cross multiply to solve for x: 40x = 80x - 64 Or, 40x = 64 Or, x=8/5 Since there are 3x pounds of electronics there are 3 x (8/5) = 24/5 or approximately 5 pounds of electronics in the suitcase. (A) Interest income of A = 3x6 = 18x Interest income of B = 4x5 = 20x Interest income of C = 5x4 = 20x 20x - 18x = 2x = 250 ie. x = 125 total interest = 18x+20x+20x = 58x = 58x125 = 7250 (E) Tarique, Mursalin and Muib can equally share 8 sandwiches by getting 8/3 each Cost of 8/3 is 8$, so cost of 1 sandwich = 8+3/8=3$ Tarique gives 5-8/3=7.3 to Mursalin, and price of 7/3=3*7/3=75

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