Centre of Studies for Construction,

Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying

Sustainable and Large-Scale Construction

CMA 534

Type 3 – Steel Framing System

Lecture 4
LECTURE OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Application
• Construction
• Structural System
• Connection System
• Advantages
• Example of Method Statement for Factory Building
• Light Gauge Steel Framing System
• Case Studies

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.: Introduction :.

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INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the usage of steel in construction industry has increasingly
being used and popular among the construction players in Malaysia

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INTRODUCTION

Steel frame is another type of IBS.

The construction system is more mechanised

and involves the use of structural components
that are produced off-site.

This system offers speed in construction and

less manual work on site

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INTRODUCTION

Function of Steel Frame

Rectangular grid → to
support the floors, roof
and walls of a building
which are all attached to
the frame.

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INTRODUCTION

Steel, a strong and stiff materials, is suitable for the

construction of repetitive frame buildings with any
architectural details, and adapts well to the IBS.

The system is normally chosen because of its flexibility in

providing long-spanning structure and its ability to
accommodate a wide range of functions and architectural
requirements

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.:Application:.

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APPLICATION

Normally used for long span and

multi-storey frames

Structural steel is excellent for tall

and slender buildings

The steel structural system is also

widely used for roof construction
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.:Construction:.

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CONSTRUCTION

Transportation Assemblage

CONSTRUCTION
PROCESS

Erection

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CONSTRUCTION
The steel and concrete materials used in producing the components are
compatible in many ways to the extend that they can provide good composite
action and corrosion protection, which can increase the performance of the
overall structure

For structural expression, steel is

normally exposed visually to create
aesthetic designs.

If this is the case, then the exposed

steelwork can be painted with
intumescent paint for fire protection.
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.:Structural System:.

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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

The system comprises of structural

components such as steel beams, steel
columns and flooring system

Steel beams and columns are normally

manufactured in the form of I and H
cross sections in order to achieve a large
strength-to-weight ratio.

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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

The steel frame system is very versatile in such a way that it can be
combined with many forms of flooring system such as:-

Precast Planks
PRECAST
CONCRETE
Precast Hollow
COMPOSITE Core Slabs
STEEL
DECKING
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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

SCENARIO 1: Steel Frame with Precast Concrete Slab

• The floor layer would consists of precast planks, cast in-situ

concrete topping and nominal steel reinforcement mesh (such as
BRC).

• Precast planks are laid first to act as the formwork for the
concreting of topping.

• After the concrete topping has hardened, both precast planks and the
topping will act compositely as structural slabs to support the
applied loading.

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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

• Bonding between the precast planks and the cast in-situ concrete
topping is achieved through the steel lattice girder/shear studs

• The concrete topping normally comprises one layer of steel

mesh to prevent cracking and to provide reinforcement for the
slabs.

• Monolithic construction and structural integrity can be

achieved close to that of cast in-situ concrete.

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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

CAST IN-SITU
CONCRETE

STEEL MESH

PRECAST PLANK

Furthermore, significant savings of up to about 25% can be

achieved through reduction of cost in the erection of the
frames.
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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

SCENARIO 2: Steel Frame with Steel Decking Permanent Formwork

• In this case, the profile shape of the steel sheeting is normally

corrugated to increase the plate stiffness to support the wet concrete
load without props.

• The decking is supported by secondary beams, typically at a spacing

of 2.5m to 3.5m.

• The steel decking can act compositely with the concrete slab to carry
loads via shear connections

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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Steel Decking as Composite Slab

The steel decking can then perform dual function:

1. As a formwork to support the

construction load and wet concrete.

2. As part of tensile reinforcements for the

slab after concrete has harden.

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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Steel beams with corrugated steel decking

composite slab
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STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Steel Roof Truss

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.:Connection System:.

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CONNECTION SYSTEM
Steel beams and columns are joined together to form skeletal frame
using bolted or welded connections or a combination of both

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CONNECTION SYSTEM
There is numerous types of structural connections that can be used to
join the components.

Due to the characteristics of the prefabricated connections components,

the beam-to-column connections can be classified as:
1. Pin
2. Rigid

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Structural Frame Construction System

Pinned connections are employed, hence the

overall stability of the frame is provided by
Simple other lateral stability systems such as shear
walls or bracings.

Rigid connections are employed and stability

Continuous can be achieved through the bending resistance
of beams and columns

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Pinned connections are able to transmit vertical beam loads to
columns through the transfer of shear forces.

On the other hand, rigid connections are capable of transmitting shear

and moment to the columns simultaneously.

At the design stage, pinned connections are employed wherever

possible due to the simplicity and rapid installation, while rigid
connections are employed whenever necessary, such as in providing
lateral stability to the global frame.

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CONNECTION DETAILS

Pinned connections between tubular steel sections

provide fast & easy erection work

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.:Advantages:.

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 ADVANTAGES

Simplicity of
Buildability construction

Greater
construction
speed
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.:Example of Method Statement for a Factory Building:.

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 GENERAL PREPARATION WORKS
STEP 5:
Lifting of
STEP 4: frame
Check plans components for
and frame erection
components
STEP 3:
Check level
STEP 2:
Transfer from
storage yard to
lay-down area

STEP 1:
Receiving of
fabricated steel from
factory to site

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 ERECTION SEQUENCE

STEP 5: STEP 6:
Install wire Lay roof
mesh and covering
STEP 4: insulation
STEP 3: Install
Install purlins
Trusses
STEP 2:
Install
beams

STEP1:
Bolt connection
between footings
and columns

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ERECTION SEQUENCE

The columns are connected to base / footing

using bolt and nut connections.

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 ERECTION SEQUENCE

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 ERECTION SEQUENCE

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 ERECTION SEQUENCE

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ERECTION SEQUENCE Bolt connections
between beam
and column

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 ERECTION SEQUENCE

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 ERECTION SEQUENCE

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 ERECTION SEQUENCE

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 CONNECTION DETAILS

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Steel beams and columns with metal
decking

A pair of semi-detached
development

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.:Light Gauge Steel Framing System:.

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INTRODUCTION

Over the years, various improved systems have

been developed for use in landed properties.

An economical light gauge steel frame system

is increasingly being used in America, Europe,
Australia and New Zealand.

This light gauge steel frame is developed

through a cold-formed process without the use
of heat.

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The cold-formed process enables steel manufacturers to produce light-weight but
high tensile steel sheets.

The sheet surface is coated with a zinc alloy that completely covers the steel
surface and seals it from the corrosive action of its environment.

This results in buildings that are more solid, rigid, stronger, durable and easier to
build.

As such, the light gauge steel frame system is an attractive alternative for use in
landed properties.

This is particularly in view of concerns on the depletion of timber resources and

low productivities associated with in-situ reinforced concrete construction.

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WHY USE LIGHT GAUGE STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM ?

Buildability Quality

Strong Easy
Speed But Safety To
Lightweight Remodel

Design
Recyclable
Flexibility

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.:Case Studies:.

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PUTRAJAYA INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTRE
(PICC)

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TUANKU MIZAN ZAINAL ABIDIN MOSQUE

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