Scribd
Upload
7 views

as3

Uploaded by

hgharshit234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

as3

Uploaded by

hgharshit234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Applied Science Lab

(BSL109)

Experiment #3

Submitted To: Submitted By


Dr. Vidhu S. Tiwari HARSHIT GUPTA
Roll No. 12411041
Branch: CSE-Gr. I
Semester: I
Session: 2024-28
Aim:
• To investigate the photoelectric effect and calculate plank’s constant and
determine the work function of copper.
Theory:
• The photoelectric effect refers to the release of electrons when
electromagnetic radiation, such as light, strikes a material.
• A fundamental diagram illustrating the photoelectric effect is shown
below:

• It has been found that a minimum amount of energy is required for electrons to
escape from a metal's surface, known as the work function 'W' of that metal. The
work function can be written as:

W = hv₀ --(1)

Where 'h' represents Planck's constant and 'v₀' is the threshold


frequency.
According to Einstein, the photoelectric effect should follow this equation:

hv₀ = KEₘₐₓ + W --(2)


KEₘₐₓ = h(v - v₀) --(3)

This indicates that the graph relating the maximum kinetic energy of the
photoelectrons 'KEₘₐₓ' and the frequency of the incident radiation 'v₀' will
form a straight line, with a slope and Y-intercept, where hv₀ equals the
work function.

• As the reverse potential increases, the photocurrent decreases gradually


and eventually reaches zero at a specific reverse potential. This minimum
reverse potential is known as theStopping Potential (V₀).

KEₘₐₓ = eV₀

Graph showing the relationship between 'KEₘₐₓ' and


frequency:
Here, if we increase the reverse potential the
photocurrentgradually decreases and becomes zero at a particular
reversepotential. This minimum applied reverse potential is
calledstopping potential vo. Hence maximum energy
ofphotoelectronscanbe:
KEmax= eVo
 Graph connecting photocurrent and applied
reversepotential:

1. Forconstantintensity anddifferent frequencies:

2. Forconstantfrequency anddifferentintensities:
Procedure:
 Choose the material to be used for studying the photoelectric
effect.
• Specify the area of the material, the wavelength, and the
intensity of the incident light.
• Turn on the light source.
• Measure the reverse current at different reverse voltage
levels.
• Plot the current-voltage graph and identify the threshold
voltage.
• Conduct the experiment again, this time varying the light
intensity for a fixed wavelength.
• Repeat the experiment by changing the wavelength while
maintaining a constant light intensity.

ObservationTable and graph:


Material used–Copper (cu)
(1) Area of plate = 0.5 cm2
Intensity of light = 30 W/m2
Wavelength of light = 100 nm

Voltage Applied(Volts) Current(µA)


-0.1 114.24
-0.3 111.24
-0.5 108.24
-0.7 105.24
-0.9 102.24
-1.2 97.74
-1.4 94.74
(2) Applied Voltage = 0 Volts
Area of plate = 0.5 cm2
Wavelength of light = 100 nm

Intensity of light Current(µA)


5 19.29
10 38.58
15 57.87
20 77.16
25 96.45
30 115.74
(3) Applied Voltage = 0 Volts
Area of plate = 0.5 cm2
Intensity of light = 30 W/m2

Wavelength of light Current(µA)


100 115.74
120 84.70
140 62.53
160 45.90
180 32.96
200 22.62
(4) Area of plate = 0.5 cm2
Intensity of Light = 30 W/m2

Wavelength Reverse Voltage 1/wavelength


100 -7.8 0.01
120 -5.7 0.00833
140 -4.2 0.00714
160 -3.2 0.00625
180 -2.2 0.00556
200 -1.6 0.005
Calculation from graph:

Slope, m = 0.0008
In SI units, m = 0.0008 * 109

hc/λ =eV0 +Φ
This implies, 1/λ = (e/ hc) V0+Φ/ hc
Where e is the charge of electron and c is the speed of light.

Plank’s constant, h = e / c*m = (1.6 * 10 -19) / (3 * 108) * (0.0008 * 109) = 6.67 * 10-34J s

y-intercept, y1 = 0.0034
Work Function, Φ=(y1/m)*e = 6.8 * 10-19 J = 4.25 eV
Results&Discussion:
 The calculated value of Planck’s Constant (h)
is 6.67×10-34joulesecondswhichis equalto the
experimentalvalue.
 The calculated value of work function of
copper is 4.3 electron volt which is
approximately equal to the experimental
value.
 From this experiment we learnt about
photoelectric effect and way to calculate
work function of different material
 Photoelectric Effect is the phenomenon of
emission ofphotoelectrons from a certain
metal when E.M. rays ofcertain
sufficientfrequency are madeincidenton it.
 The photoelectric effect is an instantaneous
phenomenon.There is no time delay between
the incident of light
andemissionofphotoelectrons.
 The number of photoelectrons emitted is
proportional to theintensity of incident light.
The energy of photoelectronsemitted is
independentof the intensityof incidentlight.
 The energy of emitted
photoelectrons is
directlyproportionaltothefrequency
of incidentlight.
 Every metal has its own characteristic
value of WorkFunction.
 For constant Intensities and different
frequencies, thesaturation value of current is
same, but stopping potential isdifferent.
 For constant Frequencies and different
Intensities, thestopping potential is same,
but the value of saturationcurrent
isdifferent.

You might also like