topic 5 Calculus Review HL [592 marks]

1. 21M.1.AHL.TZ1.8

Use l’Hôpital’s rule to find lim

x →0
( arctan
tan 3 x )
2x
.

[5]

2. 21M.1.AHL.TZ1.12

Let f ( x )= √ 1+ x for x >−1.

(a)
1
Show that f '' ( x )=− .
4 √ (1+ x )
3

[3]

(b)

( )
n −1 1
1 (n) ( 2 n −3 ) ! −n
Use mathematical induction to prove that f ( x )= − ( 1+ x )2
4 ( n − 2) !
for n ∈ Z , n≥ 2.

[9]

(c)

Let g ( x )=e m x ,m ∈Q .

Consider the function h defined by h ( x )=f ( x ) × g ( x ) for x >−1.

It is given that the x 2 term in the Maclaurin series for h ( x ) has a

7
coefficient of .
4

Find the possible values of m .

[8]

3. 21M.1.AHL.TZ2.9

The lines l 1 and l 2 have the following vector equations where λ , μ ∈ R .

 ()()
3 2
l 1 :r 1= 2 + λ − 2
−1 2

() ( )
2 1
l 2 : r 2= 0 + μ −1
4 1

sin x cos x
By using the substitution u=sin x, find ∫ 2
d x.
sin x − sin x − 2
[7]

4. 21M.1.AHL.TZ2.11

The acceleration, a ms−2, of a particle moving in a horizontal line at time t

seconds, t ≥ 0 , is given by a=− ( 1+ v ) where v ms− 1 is the particle’s velocity
and v> −1.

At t=0 , the particle is at a fixed origin O and has initial velocity v 0 ms− 1.

(a)

By solving an appropriate differential equation, show that the particle’s

−t
velocity at time t is given by v ( t )=( 1+ v 0 ) e −1.

[6]

Initially at O, the particle moves in the positive direction until it reaches

its maximum displacement from O. The particle then returns to O.

Let s metres represent the particle’s displacement from O and smax its
maximum displacement from O.

(b.i)

Show that the time T taken for the particle to reach smax satisfies
the equation e T =1+ v 0.

[2]

(b.ii)

By solving an appropriate differential equation and using the result from

part (b) (i), find an expression for smax in terms of v 0.

[5]
 Let v ( T − k ) represent the particle’s velocity k seconds before it reaches
smax , where
−(T −k)
v ( T − k ) =( 1+v 0 ) e −1.

(c)

By using the result to part (b) (i), show that v ( T − k ) =ek −1.

[2]

Similarly, let v ( T +k ) represent the particle’s velocity k seconds after it

reaches smax .

(d)

Deduce a similar expression for v ( T +k ) in terms of k .

[2]

(e)

Hence, show that v ( T − k ) + v ( T +k ) ≥ 0.

[3]

5. 22M.1.AHL.TZ1.1

( ) d x.
9

Find the value of ∫ 3 √√xx− 5

1

[5]

6. 22M.1.AHL.TZ1.12

The function f is defined by f ( x )=e x sin x , where x ∈ R.

(a)

Find the Maclaurin series for f ( x ) up to and including the x 3 term.

[4]

(b)
1

∫ e x sin ( x 2) d x .
2

Hence, find an approximate value for

0

[4]
 The function g is defined by g ( x )=e x cos x, where x ∈ R.

(c.i)

Show that g ( x ) satisfies the equation g '' ( x )=2 ( g ′ ( x ) − g ( x ) ).

[4]

(c.ii)

Hence, deduce that g(4) ( x )=2 ( g ''' ( x ) − g '' ( x ) ).

[1]

(d)

Using the result from part (c), find the Maclaurin series for g ( x ) up to and
including the x 4 term.

[5]

(e)
x
e cos x − 1− x
Hence, or otherwise, determine the value of lim 3 .
x →0 x

[3]

7. 22M.1.AHL.TZ1.7

The continuous random variable X has probability density function

{
k
, 0≤ x≤1
f ( x )= √ 4 − 3 x2
0, otherwise .

(a)

Find the value of k .

[4]

(b)

Find E ( X ) .

[4]

8. 22M.1.AHL.TZ2.7
 By using the substitution u=sec x or otherwise, find an expression
π
3
for ∫ secn x tan x d x in terms of n, where n is a non-zero real number.
0

[6]

9. 22M.1.AHL.TZ2.8

A continuous random variable X has the probability density function

{
2
{x−a , a≤x ≤c
{b − a {c − a
f ( x )=
{ b − x , c < x ≤b .
2
{ b − a {b − c
0, otherwise

The following diagram shows the graph of y=f ( x ) for a ≤ x ≤ b .

a+ b
Given that c ≥ , find an expression for the median of X in terms of a , b
2
and c .

[6]

10. 22M.1.AHL.TZ2.11
1
A function f is defined by f ( x )= 2 , where x ∈ R , x ≠ −1 , x ≠ 3.
x − 2 x −3
(a)
 Sketch the curve y=f ( x ), clearly indicating any asymptotes with their
equations. State the coordinates of any local maximum or minimum
points and any points of intersection with the coordinate axes.

[6]
1
A function g is defined by g ( x )= 2 , where x ∈ R , x >3 .
x −2 x − 3

The inverse of g is g− 1.

(b.i)

Show that g− 1 ( x )=1+ √

4 x2 + x
.
x

[6]

(b.ii)

State the domain of g− 1.

[1]
x
A function h is defined by h ( x )=arctan , where x ∈ R.
2

(c)
π
Given that ( h ∘ g )( a )= , find the value of a .
4
q
Give your answer in the form p+ √r , where p , q , r ∈ Z+¿ ¿.
2

[7]

11. 22M.1.AHL.TZ2.6

A function f is defined by f ( x )=x √ 1− x2 where −1 ≤ x ≤ 1.

The graph of y=f ( x ) is shown below.

 (a)

Show that f is an odd function.

[2]

(b)

The range of f is a ≤ y ≤b , where a , b ∈ R .

Find the value of a and the value of b .

[6]

12. 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.6

The side lengths, x c m , of an equilateral triangle are increasing at a rate

of 4 c ms −1.

Find the rate at which the area of the triangle, A c m2, is increasing when
the side lengths are 5 √ 3 c m .

[5]

13. 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.9

The function f is defined by f ( y )=√ r 2 − y 2 for − r ≤ y ≤r .

The region enclosed by the graph of x=f ( y ) and the y -axis is rotated by
∘
360❑ about the y -axis to form a solid sphere. The sphere is drilled
through along the y -axis, creating a cylindrical hole. The resulting
spherical ring has height, h .
 This information is shown in the following diagrams.

diagram not to scale

The spherical ring has a volume of π cubic units. Find the value of h .

[7]

14. 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.11

Consider the following diagram, which shows the plan of part of a house.

diagram not to scale

 3
A narrow passageway with m width is perpendicular to a room of width
4
6 m . There is a corner at point C . Points A and B are variable points on
the base of the walls such that A , C and B lie on a straight line.

Let L denote the length A B in metres.

π
Let α be the angle that [ A B ] makes with the room wall, where 0< α < .
2

[N/A]

[[N/A]]

(a)

3
Show that L= sec α + 6 c o s e c α .
4

[2]
 (b.i)
dL
Find .
dα

[1]

(b.ii)
dL
When =0 , show that α =arctan 2.
dα

[4]

(c.i)
2
d L
Find 2.
dα

[3]

(c.ii)
2
d L 45
When α =arctan 2, show that 2
= √5.
dα 4

[4]

(d.i)

Hence, justify that L is a minimum when α =arctan 2.

[1]

(d.ii)

Determine this minimum value of L.

[2]

Two people need to carry a pole of length 11.25m from the passageway
into the room. It must be carried horizontally.

(e)

Determine whether this is possible, giving a reason for your answer.

[2]

15. 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.4
 x
The following diagram shows part of the graph of y= 2 for x ≥ 0 .
x +2

The shaded region R is bounded by the curve, the x -axis and the line
x=c .

The area of R is ln 3.

Find the value of c .

[6]

16. 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.8

The functions f and g are defined by

π
f ( x )=cos x , 0 ≤ x ≤
2
π
g ( x )=tan x , 0 ≤ x< .
2

The curves y=f ( x ) and y=g ( x ) intersect at a point P whose x -coordinate

π
is k , where 0< k < .
2

(a)

Show that cos 2 k=sin k .

 [1]

(b)

Hence, show that the tangent to the curve y=f ( x ) at P and the tangent
to the curve y=g ( x ) at P intersect at right angles.

[3]

(c)

a+ √ b
Find the value of sin k . Give your answer in the form , where a , c ∈ Z
c
and b ∈ Z +¿¿ .

[3]

17. 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.10

A circle with equation x 2+ y 2=9 has centre ( 0 , 0 ) and radius 3.

A triangle, P Q R , is inscribed in the circle with its vertices at P ( −3 , 0 ),

Q ( x , y ) and R ( x , − y ), where Q and R are variable points in the first and
fourth quadrants respectively. This is shown in the following diagram.
 (a)

For point Q , show that y= √ 9 − x2 .

[1]

(b)

Hence, find an expression for A , the area of triangle P Q R , in terms of x .

[3]

(c)
2
d A 9 − 3 x −2 x
Show that = .
dx √9 − x2
[4]

(d)

Hence or otherwise, find the y -coordinate of R such that A is a

maximum.

[6]

18. 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.6

A continuous random variable X has probability density function f

defined by

{
1
, a≤ x≤3a
f ( x )= 2 a
0 , otherwise

where a is a positive real number.

[N/A]

[[N/A]]

(a)

State E ( X ) in terms of a .

[1]
 (b)

Use integration to find V a r ( X ) in terms of a .

[4]

19. 23M.1.AHL.TZ2.12

(a)

By using an appropriate substitution, show that

∫ cos √ x d x=2 √ x sin √ x +2 cos √ x+ C .

[6]

The following diagram shows part of the curve y=cos √ x for x ≥ 0 .

The curve intersects the x -axis at x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4 ….

2 2
( 2 n− 1 ) π
The n th x -intercept of the curve, x n, is given by x n= , where
4
+¿¿
n∈Z .

(b)

Write down a similar expression for x n+1 .

[1]
 The regions bounded by the curve and the x -axis are denoted by R1, R2,
R3, … , as shown on the above diagram.

(c)

Calculate the area of region Rn .

Give your answer in the form k n π , where k ∈ Z +¿¿ .

[7]

(d)

Hence, show that the areas of the regions bounded by the curve and the
x -axis, R1, R2, R3, … , form an arithmetic sequence.

[3]

20. 24M.1.AHL.TZ1.4

Consider the functions f ( x )=cos x and g ( x )=sin 2 x, where 0 ≤ x ≤ π .

The graph of f intersects the graph of g at the point A , the point B ( π2 , 0)

and the point C as shown on the following diagram.

(a)
 Find the x -coordinate of point A and the x -coordinate of point C .

[3]

The shaded region R is enclosed by the graph of f and the graph of g

between the points B and C .

(b)

Find the area of R .

[4]

21. 24M.1.AHL.TZ1.6

The function f is defined as f ( x )= √ x sin ( x 2) , where 0 ≤ x ≤ √ π .

Consider the shaded region R enclosed by the graph of f , the x -axis and
√π
the line x= , as shown in the following diagram.
2
 The shaded region R is rotated by 2 π radians about the x -axis to form a
solid.

π ( 2 − √2 )
Show that the volume of the solid is .
4

[6]

22. 24M.1.AHL.TZ1.8

(a)

Find the first two non-zero terms in the Maclaurin series of

[[N/A]]

(a.i)

sin ( x 2 );

[2]

(a.ii)

sin2 ( x 2 ).

[3]

(b)

Hence, or otherwise, find the first two non-zero terms in the Maclaurin
series of 4 x sin ( x 2 ) cos ( x 2 ).

[2]

23. 24M.1.AHL.TZ1.9

The graph of y=f (|x|) for −6 ≤ x ≤6 is shown in the following diagram.

(a)

On the following axes, sketch the graph of y=|f ||x||| for −6 ≤ x ≤6 .

 [2]

It is given that f is an odd function.

(b)

On the following axes, sketch the graph of y=f ( x ) for −6 ≤ x ≤6 .

 [2]
4
It is also given that∫ f (|x|) d x =1.6.
0

(c)

Write down the value of

[[N/A]]

(c.i)
0

∫ f ( x ) d x;
−4

[1]

(c.ii)
4

∫ ( f (|x|) + f ( x ) ) d x .
−4

[1]

24. 24M.1.AHL.TZ1.11
Consider the polynomial P ( x )=3 x3 +5 x 2 + x −1 .

(a)

Show that ( x +1 ) is a factor of P ( x ).

[2]

(b)

Hence, express P ( x ) as a product of three linear factors.

[3]

Now consider the polynomial Q ( x )=( x+ 1 )( 2 x +1 ).

(c)
1 A B
Express in the form + , where A , B ∈ Z .
Q( x ) x+1 2 x +1

[3]

(d)
1 4 2 1
Hence, or otherwise, show that = − − .
( x+1 ) Q ( x ) 2 x+1 x+1 ( x +1 )2

[2]

(e)
1
Hence, find ∫ 2
d x.
( x+ 1 ) ( 2 x+ 1 )

[4]

P(x) 1
Consider the function defined by f ( x )= , where x ≠ −1 , x ≠ − .
( x +1 ) Q ( x ) 2

(f)

Find

[[N/A]]

(f.i)

lim f ( x );
x→ −1
 [2]

(f.ii)

lim f ( x ).
x→ ∞

[1]

25. 24M.1.AHL.TZ2.5

2 ( x+ 3 )
A function f is defined by f ( x )= , where x ∈ R , x ≠ −2.
3 ( x+ 2 )

The graph y=f ( x ) is shown below.

(a)

Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote.

[1]

Consider g ( x )=m x +1, where m ∈ R , m≠ 0.

 (b.i)

Write down the number of solutions to f ( x )=g ( x ) for m>0.

[1]

(b.ii)

Determine the value of m such that f ( x )=g ( x ) has only one solution for x .

[4]

(b.iii)

Determine the range of values for m , where f ( x )=g ( x ) has two solutions
for x ≥ 0 .

[2]

26. 24M.1.AHL.TZ2.8
4 2
sec x − cos x
Use l’Hôpital’s rule to find lim 4 2 .
x →0 x −x

[6]

27. 24M.1.AHL.TZ2.12

(a)
1
Let f ( x )= (1 − a x )− 2 , where a x <1 , a ≠ 0.

The nt h derivative of f ( x ) is denoted by f (n) ( x ) ,n ∈ Z +¿¿ .

2 n+1
−
n 2
Prove by induction that f (n) ( x )= a ( 2 n− 1 ) ! (1 − a x ) , n ∈ Z +¿¿.
22 n −1 ( n −1 ) !

[8]

(b)

By using part (a) or otherwise, show that the Maclaurin series for
1 1 3 2 2
f ( x )= (1 − a x ) up to and including the x term is 1+ 2 a x + 8 a x .
− 2
2

[2]

(c)
 1 1
− − 2+6 x +19 x 2
Hence, show that ( 1 −2 x ) 2 ( 1 − 4 x ) 2 ≈ .
2

[4]

(d)
1
Given that the series expansion for ( 1 −a x )− 2 is convergent for |a x|<1 ,
state the restriction which must be placed on x for the
1 1
− − 2+6 x +19 x 2
approximation ( 1 −2 x ) 2 ( 1 − 4 x ) 2 ≈ to be valid.
2

[1]

(e)
1
Use x= to determine an approximate value for √ 3.
10
c
Give your answer in the form , where c , d ∈ Z +¿ ¿.
d

[5]

28. 21M.2.AHL.TZ1.7

A continuous random variable X has the probability density function f

given by

{
x
0≤x ≤4
f ( x )= √{x +k
2 3

0 otherwise

where k ∈ R +¿¿.

(a)

Show that √ 16+k − √ k=√ k √ 16+k .

[5]

(b)

Find the value of k .

[2]

29. 21M.2.AHL.TZ1.12
 1
The function f has a derivative given by f ′ ( x ) = , x∈ R,x ≠o, x≠k
x (k − x )
where k is a positive constant.

(a)
a b
The expression for f ′ ( x ) can be written in the form + , where a , b ∈ R
x k −x
. Find a and b in terms of k .

[3]

(b)

Hence, find an expression for f ( x ) .

[3]

Consider P, the population of a colony of ants, which has an initial value

of 1200 .

The rate of change of the population can be modelled by the differential

d P P (k − P)
equation = , where t is the time measured in days, t ≥ 0, and k
dt 5k
is the upper bound for the population.

(c)
1200 k
P=
By solving the differential equation, show that −
t .
( k −1200 ) e +1200
5

[8]

At t=10 the population of the colony has doubled in size from its initial
value.

(d)

Find the value of k , giving your answer correct to four significant figures.

[3]

(e)

Find the value of t when the rate of change of the population is at its
maximum.

[3]
30. 21M.2.AHL.TZ1.9

Two boats A and B travel due north.

Initially, boat B is positioned 50 metres due east of boat A .

The distances travelled by boat A and boat B , after t seconds, are x

metres and y metres respectively. The angle θ is the radian measure of
the bearing of boat B from boat A . This information is shown on the
following diagram.

(a)

Show that y=x +50 cot θ .

[1]

(b)

At time T , the following conditions are true.

 Boat B has travelled 10 metres further than boat A .
Boat B is travelling at double the speed of boat A .
The rate of change of the angle θ is − 0.1 radians per second.

Find the speed of boat A at time T .

[6]

31. 21M.2.AHL.TZ1.11
3 x +2
The function f is defined by f ( x )= 2 , for x ∈ R, x ≠ p, x ≠ q .
4 x −1
(a)

Find the value of p and the value of q .

[2]

(b)

Find an expression for f ′ ( x ) .

[3]

The graph of y=f ( x ) has exactly one point of inflexion.

(c)

Find the x -coordinate of the point of inflexion.

[2]

(d)

Sketch the graph of y=f ( x ) for −3 ≤ x ≤ 3, showing the values of any axes
intercepts, the coordinates of any local maxima and local minima,
and giving the equations of any asymptotes.

[5]
2
4 x −1 2
The function g is defined by g ( x )= , for x ∈ R , x ≠ − .
3 x+2 3

(e)

Find the equations of all the asymptotes on the graph of y=g ( x ).

[4]
 (f)

By considering the graph of y=g ( x ) − f ( x ) , or otherwise, solve f ( x ) < g ( x ) for

x ∈ R.

[4]

32. 21M.2.AHL.TZ2.9

(a)

Write down the first three terms of the binomial expansion of ( 1+t )−1 in
ascending powers of t .

[1]

(b)

By using the Maclaurin series for cos x and the result from part (a), show
that the Maclaurin series for sec x up to and including the term in x 4
2 4
x 5x
is 1+ + .
2 24
[4]

(c)

By using the Maclaurin series for arctan x and the result from part (b),

find lim (
x arctan 2 x
x →0 sec x −1
)
.

[3]

33. 21M.2.AHL.TZ2.11
x
2
A function f is defined by f ( x )= k e , where x ∈ R , x ≥ 0 and k ∈ R +¿¿.
x
1+e

The region enclosed by the graph of y=f ( x ), the x -axis, the y -axis and
the line x=ln16 is rotated 360❑∘ about the x -axis to form a solid of
revolution.

(a)
2
15 k π
Show that the volume of the solid formed is cubic units.
34
 [6]

Pedro wants to make a small bowl with a volume of 300 cm3 based on the
result from part (a). Pedro’s design is shown in the following diagrams.

The vertical height of the bowl, BO , is measured along the x -axis. The
radius of the bowl’s top is OA and the radius of the bowl’s base is BC. All
lengths are measured in cm .

(b)

Find the value of k that satisfies the requirements of Pedro’s design.

[2]

(c.i)

Find OA .

[2]

(c.ii)

Find BC.

[2]

For design purposes, Pedro investigates how the cross-sectional radius

of the bowl changes.

(d.i)

By sketching the graph of a suitable derivative of f , find where

the cross-sectional radius of the bowl is decreasing most rapidly.
 [4]

(d.ii)

State the cross-sectional radius of the bowl at this point.

[2]

34. 21M.2.AHL.TZ2.12

( )
2
x −1
A function f is defined by f ( x )=arcsin 2 , x ∈ R.
x +1

(a)

Show that f is an even function.

[1]

(b)

By considering limits, show that the graph of y=f ( x ) has a horizontal

asymptote and state its equation.

[2]

(c.i)
2x
Show that f ′ ( x ) = for x ∈ R , x ≠ 0.
√ x ( x 2 +1 )
2

[6]

(c.ii)

By using the expression for f ′ ( x ) and the result √ x 2=|x|, show that f
is decreasing for x <0.

[3]

( )
2
x −1
A function g is defined by g ( x )=arcsin 2
, x ∈ R , x ≥ 0.
x +1

(d)

Find an expression for g− 1 ( x ), justifying your answer.

 [5]

(e)

State the domain of g− 1.

[1]

(f)

Sketch the graph of y=g −1 ( x ) , clearly indicating any asymptotes with

their equations and stating the values of any axes intercepts.

[3]

35. 22M.2.AHL.TZ1.12

2 dy 2 2
Consider the differential equation x = y − 2 x for x >0 and y >2 x . It is
dx
given that y=3 when x=1.

(a)

Use Euler’s method, with a step length of 0.1, to find an approximate

value of y when x=1.5 .

[4]

(b)
dv 2
Use the substitution y=v x to show that x =v − v −2.
dx

[3]

(c.i)
4
8 x+x
By solving the differential equation, show that y= 3 .
4− x

[10]

(c.ii)

Find the actual value of y when x=1.5 .

[1]

(c.iii)
 4
8 x+x
Using the graph of y= 3 , suggest a reason why the approximation
4− x
given by Euler’s method in part (a) is not a good estimate to the
actual value of y at x=1.5.

[1]

36. 22M.2.AHL.TZ1.10

Consider the function f ( x )= √ x 2 − 1, where 1 ≤ x ≤2.

(a)

Sketch the curve y=f ( x ), clearly indicating the coordinates of the

endpoints.

[2]

(b.i)

Show that the inverse function of f is given by f −1 ( x ) =√ x 2 +1.

[3]

(b.ii)

State the domain and range of f −1.

[2]

The curve y=f ( x ) is rotated 2 π about the y -axis to form a solid of

revolution that is used to model a water container.

(c.i)

Show that the volume, V m 3 , of water in the container when it is filled to

1 3
a height of h metres is given by V =π h +h .
3 ( )
[3]

(c.ii)

Hence, determine the maximum volume of the container.

[2]

At t=0 , the container is empty. Water is then added to the container at a

constant rate of 0.4 m 3 s −1.
 (d)

Find the time it takes to fill the container to its maximum volume.

[2]

(e)

Find the rate of change of the height of the water when the container is
filled to half its maximum volume.

[6]

37. 22M.2.AHL.TZ2.6
2
x2 ( y − 4)
The following diagram shows the curve + =1, where h ≤ y ≤ 4 .
36 16

The curve from point Q to point B is rotated 360❑∘ about the y -axis to
form the interior surface of a bowl. The rectangle OPQR , of height h cm , is
rotated 360❑∘ about the y -axis to form a solid base.

The bowl is assumed to have negligible thickness.

Given that the interior volume of the bowl is to be 285 cm3, determine the
height of the base.

[5]

38. 22M.2.AHL.TZ2.12
The population, P, of a particular species of marsupial on a small remote
island can be modelled by the logistic differential equation

dP
dt
=k P 1−(P
N )
where t is the time measured in years and k , N are positive constants.

The constant N represents the maximum population of this species of

marsupial that the island can sustain indefinitely.

(a)
dP
In the context of the population model, interpret the meaning of .
dt

[1]

(b)

( )( 1− 2NP ).
2
d P 2 P
Show that 2
=k P 1 −
dt N

[4]

(c)

Hence show that the population of marsupials will increase at its

N
maximum rate when P= . Justify your answer.
2

[5]

(d)
dP
Hence determine the maximum value of in terms of k and N .
dt

[2]

Let P0 be the initial population of marsupials.

(e)

By solving the logistic differential equation, show that its solution can be
expressed in the form

k t=ln (
P N − P0
P0 N − P
. )
 [7]

(f)

After 10 years, the population of marsupials is 3 P0. It is known that

N=4 P0.

Find the value of k for this population model.

[2]

39. 22M.2.AHL.TZ2.7

arctan ( cos x ) − k
Consider lim 2 , where k ∈ R .
x →0 x

(a)
π
Show that a finite limit only exists for k = .
4

[2]

(b)
1
Using l’Hôpital’s rule, show algebraically that the value of the limit is −
4
.

[6]

40. 22M.2.AHL.TZ2.10

A scientist conducted a nine-week experiment on two plants, A and B, of

the same species. He wanted to determine the effect of using a new
plant fertilizer. Plant A was given fertilizer regularly, while Plant B was
not.

The scientist found that the height of Plant A , h A cm , at time t weeks can
be modelled by the function h A ( t )=sin ( 2 t+ 6 ) +9 t +27, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.

The scientist found that the height of Plant B , hB cm , at time t weeks can
be modelled by the function h B ( t )=8 t+32, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 9.

Use the scientist’s models to find the initial height of

(a.i)
 Plant B.

[1]

(a.ii)

Plant A correct to three significant figures.

[2]

(b)

Find the values of t when h A ( t )=hB ( t ).

[3]

(c)

For t >6, prove that Plant A was always taller than Plant B.

[3]

(d)

For 0 ≤ t ≤ 9, find the total amount of time when the rate of growth of Plant
B was greater than the rate of growth of Plant A .

[6]

41. 22M.2.AHL.TZ2.11

Two airplanes, A and B, have position vectors with respect to an origin O

given respectively by

$\mathbf{r}_{\textit{\textbf{A}}} = \begin{pmatrix} 19 \\ {- 1} \\ 1 \\ \
end{pmatrix} + t\begin{pmatrix} {- 6} \\ 2 \\ 4 \\ \end{pmatrix}$

()( )
1 4
r B= 0 +t 2
12 −2

where t represents the time in minutes and 0 ≤ t ≤ 2.5.

Entries in each column vector give the displacement east of O, the

displacement north of O and the distance above sea level, all measured
in kilometres.

(a)

Find the three-figure bearing on which airplane B is travelling.

 [2]

(b)

Show that airplane A travels at a greater speed than airplane B.

[2]

(c)

Find the acute angle between the two airplanes’ lines of flight. Give your
answer in degrees.

[4]

The two airplanes’ lines of flight cross at point P .

(d.i)

Find the coordinates of P .

[5]

(d.ii)

Determine the length of time between the first airplane arriving at P and
the second airplane arriving at P .

[2]

(e)

Let D ( t ) represent the distance between airplane A and airplane B for

0 ≤ t ≤ 2.5.

Find the minimum value of D ( t ).

[5]

42. 24M.2.AHL.TZ1.7
dy
Solve the differential equation =x + y , given that y=2 when x=0 .
dx

Give your answer in the form y=f ( x ).

[7]

43. 24M.2.AHL.TZ1.8
 A continuous random variable X has a probability density function f
given by

{
kx 0≤x ≤k
f ( x )= 2 k x − x 2 k < x ≤ 2 k
0, ot h er w i se

where k > 0.

(a)

Show that k satisfies the equation 7 k 3 =6.

[2]

(b)

Find the median of X .

[4]

44. 24M.2.AHL.TZ1.10

Sule Skerry and Rockall are small islands in the Atlantic Ocean, in the
same time zone.

On a given day, the height of water in metres at Sule Skerry is modelled

by the function H ( t ) =1.63 sin ( 0.513 ( t −8.20 ) ) +2.13, where t is the number of
hours after midnight.

The following graph shows the height of the water for 15 hours, starting
at midnight.

At low tide the height of the water is 0.50 m . At high tide the height of the
water is 3.76 m.

All heights are given correct to two decimal places.

(a)

The length of time between the first low tide and the first high tide is 6
hours and m minutes. Find the value of m to the nearest integer.

[3]

(b)

Between two consecutive high tides, determine the length of time, in

hours, for which the height of the water is less than 1 metre.

[2]

(c)

Find the rate of change of the height of the water when t=13, giving your
answer in metres per hour.

[2]

On the same day, the height of water at the second island, Rockall, is
modelled by the function h ( t )=a sin ( b ( t −c ) ) + d , where t is the number of
hours after midnight, and a , b , c , d >0.

The first low tide occurs at 02 :41 when the height of the water is 0.40 m .

The first high tide occurs at 09 :02 when the height of the water is 2.74 m .

(d)
 Find the values of a , b , c and d .

[7]

When t=T , the height of the water at Sule Skerry is the same as the
height of the water at Rockall for the first time.

(e)

Find the value of T .

[2]

45. 24M.2.AHL.TZ1.11

Consider the curve C defined by the equation e x + y =x 2+ y 2, shown on the

following diagram. The curve has a line of symmetry y=x .

There are two points on the curve C where the tangent is horizontal.
These points are labelled P and Q .

(a)
x+y
d y 2 x −e
Show that = .
d x ex + y − 2 y

[5]

(b.i)
 Show that the x-coordinates of points P and Q satisfy the equation
2
2 x 2+ ( ln ( 2 x ) ) −2 x ln ( 2 x ) − 2 x=0.

[4]

(b.ii)

Hence, find the coordinates of P and the coordinates of Q .

[5]

(c)

Using the line of symmetry, write down the coordinates of the points on
the curve C where the tangent is vertical.

[1]

(d)

Find the coordinates of the point on the curve C where the tangent has a
gradient of −1.

[4]

46. 24M.2.AHL.TZ2.1

The functions f and g are both defined for −1 ≤ x ≤ 0 by

2
f ( x )=1 − x
2x
g ( x )=e .

The graphs of f and g intersect at x=a and x=b , where a< b.

(a)

Find the value of a and the value of b .

[3]

(b)

Find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g.

[3]

47. 24M.2.AHL.TZ2.4
 A particle moves in a straight line such that its velocity, v m s −1, at time t
seconds is given by v ( t )=1+e −t − e −sin 2t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 2.

(a)

Find the velocity of the particle at t=2.

[1]

(b)

Find the maximum velocity of the particle.

[2]

(c)

Find the acceleration of the particle at the instant it changes direction.

[3]

48. 24M.2.AHL.TZ2.6

The volume of a spherical bubble increases at a constant rate of 5 c m3 s −1 .

The initial volume of the bubble can be assumed to be zero.

Find the rate, in c m s− 1, at which the radius of the bubble is increasing

when the volume of the bubble is 20 c m3 .

[6]

49. 24M.2.AHL.TZ2.7

The curve y=ln ( x −2 ) for 0 ≤ y ≤ 4 is rotated 360❑∘ about the y -axis to form
a solid of revolution.

Find the volume of the solid formed.

[5]

50. 24M.2.AHL.TZ2.9
x −4
Consider the curve y= 2 , where a , b and c are non-zero
a x +b x +c
constants.

The curve has a local minimum point at ( 2 , 1 ) and a vertical asymptote

with equation x=1.
 Find the values of a , b and c .

[8]

51. 24M.2.AHL.TZ2.12
dy π
Consider the differential equation − y c o s e c 2 x= √ tan x , where 0< x <
dx 2
π π
and y= at x= .
4 4

(a)
π
Use Euler’s method with step length to find an approximate value of
12
5π
y when x= .
12

Give your answer correct to three significant figures.

[3]

(b)

Show that
d 1
(
dx 2 )
ln ( cot x ) =−c o s e c 2 x.

[4]

(c)

Show that √ cot x is an integrating factor for this differential equation.

[4]

(d)

Hence, by solving the differential equation, show that y=x √ tan x .

[5]

(e)
π
Consider the curve y=x √ tan x for 0< x < and the Euler’s method
2
approximation calculated in part (a).

[[N/A]]

(e.i)
 5π
Find the y-coordinate at x= . Give your answer correct to three
12
significant figures.

[1]

(e.ii)

By considering the gradient of the curve, suggest a reason why Euler’s

method does not give a good approximation for the y -coordinate at
5π
x= .
12

[1]

(e.iii)
5π
State why this approximation is less than the y -coordinate at x= .
12

[1]

(f)
dy
By considering − y c o s e c 2 x= √ tan x , deduce that the curve y=x √ tan x
dx
π
has a positive gradient for 0< x < .
2

[2]

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