I. Hoàn thành thì HTHT và xác định dấu hiệu thời gian trong các câu sau.

1. I (just/ realize) ................................... that there are only four weeks to the end of term. (tôi vừa
mới nhận ra rằng chỉ còn 4 tuần nữa là thi)
2. Let’s try this food, Anna! We (just/ eat)……………..………, it’s quite tasty. (Anna đến thử đi,
chúng tôi vừa mới ăn xong, nó rất ngon đó)
3. I (break)……………………. my watch so I don’t know what time it is now. (Tôi vừa làm vỡ
đồng hồ vậy nên tôi không biết bây giờ là mấy giờ.)
4. I (see)…………….……. this film recently. (tôi đã xem phim này gần đây, cách đây vài tháng)
5. I don’t want that book because I (read)………………..….. it already. (tôi không mua cuốn này vì
tôi đã đọc nó rồi)
6. Can I hang out with friends, Mom? I (finish)………………………… homework already. (con đã
hoàn thành BTVN rồi)
7. He (eat)………….. this kind of food several times before. (tôi đã từng được ăn món này vài lần từ
nhỏ đến giờ rồi)
8. He (already/ write)................... two books and he is working on another book. (đến giờ anh ấy đã
viết xong 2 cuốn sách rồi, và đang chuẩn bị viết cuốn mới)
9. My 19th birthday was the worst day I (ever/ have).......................... (SN tệ nhất từ trước đến giờ mà
tôi tổ chức)
10. She (not/told)………….. me about the project yet. (cô ấy đến giờ vẫn chưa nói tôi về dự án này)
 11. Minh left home two hours ago, but he (not/ call)……………………….back to me yet. (Minh đi 2
tiếng rồi mà anh ấy vẫn chưa gọi lại tôi nữa)
12. It’s 6.30 p.m now, but she (not/ prepare) …………….. for dinner since 6:30 p.m yet. (đã 6h30 tối
rồi mà cô ấy vẫn chưa chuẩn bị cho bữa tối.)
13. …………….he ..................... (arrive) home yet? (giờ anh ấy đã về nhà chưa?)
14. ……………you …………………..(get) to the police office yet? (vậy bạn đã tới đồn cảnh sát
chưa?)
15. Time’s up! ……………they all……………….(submit) the test yet? (hết giờ rồi, liệu họ có nộp
bài hết chưa?)
16. He (never/ eat)…………….. this kind of food before. (Anh ấy từ trước đến giờ chưa bao giờ ăn
loại thức ăn này cả.)
17. It (be)................... 2 months since I first met him. (Đã 2 tháng rồi kể từ lần đầu tiên tôi gặp anh
ấy.)
18. They (be)................... married for nearly fifty years. (từ khi họ cưới đến bây giờ được khoảng 50
năm)
19. The children (watch)……………. TV for two hours. (đến bây giờ , những đứa trẻ đã xem TV
được 2 tiếng rồi).
20. They (work)…………….. for this company for 5 years, from 2019 to now. (Họ làm việc cho công
ty này 5 năm rồi, từ 2019 đến nay)
21. She (prepare)……………… for dinner since 6:30 p.m. and now it’s almost done. (Cô ấy đã chuẩn
bị bữa tối từ 6 rưỡi và nó gần xong rồi)
22. We (meet)……………. each other for a long time. (Chúng tôi không gặp nhau trong một thời gian
dài rồi.)
23. He hasn’t come back to his hometown since 2000. (Anh ấy không quay trở lại quê hương của
mình từ năm 2000.)
24. My father (not/ play) ................................... any sport since last year.
25. I’d better have a shower. I (not/have) ................................... one since Thursday.
26. I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see) ................................ each other for 5 years.
27. David Beckham, who used to be a very famous British footballer, is now a philanthropist and he
(do) …………….. many charity programs so far.
28. Human beings (emit)…………… exhaust fumes worldwide, which may be the main cause of
serious air pollution in the near future.

Cấu trúc viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành
 Câu gốc: S + started/began + V-ing + khoảng thời gian + ago/ when + clause

 S+ has/have + V3-ed + for + khoảng thời gian

since

Ex1: I started living here when I was 10. (Tôi đã bắt đầu sống ở đây khi tôi 10 tuổi)
 I have lived here since I was 10. (Tôi đã sống ở đây từ khi tôi 10 tuổi)
Ex2: She began learning this musical instrument 3 years ago. (cô ấy bắt đầu học nhạc cụ 3 năm trước)
 She has learned this kind of musical instrument for 3 years. (cô ấy học nhạc cụ được 3 năm
trước)

1. I started doing homework two hours ago.

2. My father started working at this company about 10 years ago.
3. We began living in this city about 20 years ago.
4. I started working in this company when I came back from Paris.
5. She began writing this novel 3 months ago.
6. They started their journey early in the morning.
7. We began watching the series on Monday.
8. I began learning to cook Thai food during the lockdown.
9. They started making a documentary in 2020. They are still filming it.
10. He began his piano lessons in January. He continues to take lessons weekly.
11. I started studying climate change effects for my thesis.
12. She started working as a developer right after college. She is now the lead developer.
13. She has played the piano since she was in grade 8.
14. She has read the book for 2 weeks already.
15. I have learned Spanish for two years.
16. They have played football since they were children.
17. He has driven since he got his license.
18. They finished building the house last month.
19. She stopped studying English 2 years ago.
20. We finished carrying out the project last year.

21. When did they build this house? (Họ đã xây ngôi nhà này khi nào?)
 22. When did she start working at that company? (Cô ấy đã bắt đầu làm việc ở công ty đó khi nào?)

23. When did he adopt that dog? (Anh ta đã nhận nuôi con chó đó khi nào?)

24. When did they start studying abroad? (Họ đã bắt đầu đi du học khi nào?)

Cấu trúc gốc: S + has/have + not/never + V3-ed + before

 It/This was the first time + S + has/have + V3-ed

1. She has never seen the Eiffel Tower before.

2. These poor children have not traveled abroad before.
3. I have never tried Indian food before.
4. They have never failed an English test before.
5. Sarah has never had a boyfriend before.
6. She has not attended such a strict but exciting course like this.
7. This was the first time I have travelled without my parents.
8. She has never learnt to play an instrument before.
9. This is the first time I have won a lottery ticket.
10. This is the first time my uncle has used a plane to travel.
11. This is the first time I have had such a tasty Thanksgiving dinner.
12. This is the first time Zoey has been to Denmark.
13. This is the first time Tom has read such a long storỵ
14. This is the first time Jack Jack has flied on a helicopter.
15. This is the first time she has learnt to play an instrument.

Cấu trúc gốc: S + has/have (not) + V3-ed + O + for/since + thời gian

Cấu trúc câu viết lại:
 The last time + S + V2-ed + was + thời gian + ago/ mệnh đề quá khứ đơn
Câu gốc: We have not seen each other for 5 years. (Chúng tôi đã không gặp nhau khoảng 5 năm)

Câu viết lại:

 The last time we saw each other was 5 years ago. (Lần cuối chúng tôi gặp nhau là cách
đây 5 năm.)
 We last saw each other 5 years ago. (Chúng tôi gặp nhau lần cuối cách đây 5 năm)

1. Lucy has not visited her grandparents since June last year.

2. I haven’t met her for 3 months.

3. They haven’t eaten in this restaurant for a year.

4. We haven’t talked to each other since July.

5. She last drew a picture in April.

6. The last time we talked to each other was in July.

7. The last time I played football with him was last weekend.

8. The last time my brother bought a new T-shirt was on New Year’s Eve.

9. The last time we had coffee together was a month ago.

10. The last time we sang on the school’s stage was last year.

11. It’s been nearly 6 years since I visited your hometown.

Exercise 2. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi.

1. The last time she came back to her hometown was 4 years ago.
→ She hasn't..................................................................................................................................
2. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago.
→ He has......................................................................................................................................
3. It has been 5 years since we first flew to Singapore.
→ We have...................................................................................................................................
4. I last had my hair cut in November.
→ I haven't...................................................................................................................................
5. The last time we called each other was 5 months ago.
→ We haven't...............................................................................................................................
6. It has been a long time since we last met.
→ We haven't...............................................................................................................................
7. When did you have it?
→ How long................................................................................................................................?
8. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
→ I have never.............................................................................................................................
9. I haven't seen him for 8 days.
→ The last....................................................................................................................................
10. Today is Saturday. I haven't taken a bath since Wednesday.
→ It..............................................................................................................................................

Exercise 5: Viết lại những câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. She started to live in Hanoi 2 years ago. (for)
-> …………………………………………………
2. He began to study English when he was young. (since)
-> …………………………………………………
3. I have never eaten this kind of food before. (This is)
-> …………………………………………
4. I have never seen such a beautiful girl before. (She is)
-> …………………………………………
5. This is the best novel I have ever read. (before)
-> …………………………………………