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CONTENTS vii
The vast majority of American colleges and universities that have graduate
programs in music offer a one-semester review course in tonal harmony. In
spite of the fact that such courses are commonplace, no published text has
been designed for the special needs of these graduate-level harmony review
courses. The dearth of graduate review texts often leads an instructor to adopt
the undergraduate theory textbook used at their institution, the result of
which is often problematic. For example, undergraduate texts often assume
little or no knowledge of fundamentals. However, most graduate students do
not need to begin at this point or, if they do, will not require the detail and
drill presented in these sources. Another problem with using an undergradu-
ate text stems from the amount of information offered about every topic,
which even the most determined instructor can never cover in a single se-
mester. Further, graduate students are often expected to “unlearn” their pre-
vious study, replacing terminology, underlying philosophy (e.g., moving
from a more vertical, third-stacking approach to a more linear approach), and
often even hard-and-fast rules (e.g., variation in the treatment of hidden
fifths). Such a reorientation takes time and is difficult to accomplish with a
text designed for first-time users. Finally, graduate students can often be chal-
lenged to think about, test, and develop the theory themselves. This is rarely
discussed in undergraduate texts.
Of course, an instructor can also choose to provide self-developed materi-
als for the class. This will always enrich the experience for the students and
instructor, but it is time consuming for the instructor to find appropriate ma-
terials for every discussion topic. The materials can supplement an under-
graduate textbook, but then the students are asked to purchase books that
they will hardly use. Clearly, there is a need for a concise, musical, entertain-
ing, challenging, relevant, and inexpensive text geared to the specific require-
ments of graduate music students.
Approach
Graduate Review of Tonal Theory is appropriate for a graduate student’s
re-engagement with music theory and analysis. It is intended for students
who have a grasp of musical fundamentals, basic voice leading, and roman
numeral analysis but may need to fill in gaps.
The text provides a means by which we can discuss the perception and
cognition, the analysis and performance, and the composition and reception
xi
xii PREFACE
of common-practice tonal music. The theory has as its core the assumption
that music has structure. If music did not have structure, it would be difficult
to conceive of it as anything other than a wash of sound. Structure allows us
to latch onto elements of music that either fulfill or deny expectations; both
scenarios provide psychological cues through which we can grasp similarities
and differences among different musical excerpts.
There are numerous ways in which music can have structure, three of
which form the primary focus of Graduate Review of Tonal Theory: melody, har-
mony, and form. All are hierarchical, and the text’s analytical foundation is
based on the relative weight of harmonies, given their function within a given
musical context.
Application
Graduate review courses take many shapes and sizes: The number of meetings
per week, the number of weeks per semester, the number of semesters, and the
specific content of the courses vary greatly from institution to institution. It is
impossible to provide a clearinghouse for all of the approaches taken in these
courses—it is therefore not the goal of this text to be a chameleon that assumes
a confusing array of perspectives and terminologies in order to fit into every
possible analytical style. Rather, the text offers a linear, cohesive presentation of
tonal theory while allowing for different trajectories through the material.
Since differences in terminology, labeling, and presentation exist, we include
references to these other approaches in the appendixes and the Index of Terms
and Concepts. We encourage the instructor to connect students’ former studies
with the material in this text; however, in order to avoid confusion, we suggest
that the labels and terms given in the body of the text be used in the review
course. It will be easiest to speak with one approach than continually to refer to
the divergent approaches brought to the course by the students.
The 15 chapters of Graduate Review of Tonal Theory are organized so that they
can be covered approximately one per week in a graduate review course. The
text progresses from context and fundamentals to chromaticism and forms:
• A prologue, “Setting the Stage,” provides a reorientation and whets the
appetite by revealing music theory and analysis to be an activity that
depends on human cognition, musical instincts, and personal choice.
• Fundamentals (Chapters 1–3) unfold quickly and include higher-level
topics such as accent in music, metrical disturbance, melody and
species counterpoint, tonal hierarchy, and melodic fluency.
• Beginning with Chapter 4, each chapter closes with an “Analytical
Extension,” in which an additional analytical topic is introduced and
explored. If the instructor wishes to move more quickly through chap-
ters, he or she may omit one or more of the analytical extensions with-
out harming the text’s pedagogy or organization.
• A hierarchic approach undergirds the presentation of both diatonic har-
monies (Chapters 4–8 and Chapter 10) and chromatic harmony (Chap-
ters 11–14), all of which is introduced through a phrase model.
• Musical context is central to the text. To that end, complete formal com-
ponents are introduced early on (Chapter 6) and unfold throughout the
text, including phrase, period, and sentence (Chapter 9) and binary,
ternary, and sonata forms (Chapters 12 and 15).
PREFACE xiii
Accompanying Workbook
We encourage the use of the separately sold workbook to support the text and
its included DVD of recordings. The workbook is organized into discrete as-
signments, with approximately four assignments per chapter. Each assign-
ment contains a mix of activities that progress from short, introductory ana-
lytical and writing exercises to more involved tasks. Marginal icons indicate
that corresponding exercises are available in the workbook.
The Recordings
The majority of musical examples from both the textbook and the workbook
are recorded on a single music DVD, which is included in the textbook. The
recordings are played by students and faculty from the Eastman School of
Music. Icons in the text and workbook indicate which examples are recorded
as well as their locations on the DVD. You’ll find a track listing of all examples
in the back of this book. The nearly four hours of excerpts and complete pieces
will provide you with instant access to hundreds of examples drawn from
over three centuries of music.
The DVD presents the music in CD-quality format. In addition, high-
quality MP3 files are available by accessing the following website:
www.oup.com/us/Laitz. (Note: A standard CD player will not play
the DVD.)
xiv PREFACE
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the students in our graduate review courses at the
Eastman School of Music. It is because of our experiences in the classroom that
we saw the need for, and the application of, this book.
We are grateful for the support of our colleagues at the Eastman School of
Music and Baylor University School of Music, particularly Robert Wason and
William Marvin, for their ideas and support of this project. We would also like
to thank Douglas Lowry, Dean and Director, and Jamal Rossi, Senior Associate
Dean. The reviewers, many of whom made more than one pass through vari-
ous versions of the manuscript, provided both musical insights and pedagog-
ical advice. They include: Andrew Davis, University of Houston; David
Garner, San Francisco Conservatory of Music; Roman Ivanovitch, Indiana
University; Philip Lambert, Baruch College; Neil Minturn, University of Mis-
souri; Samuel Ng, Louisiana State University; Jeffrey Perry, Louisiana State
University; Stephen Slottow, University of North Texas; Gordon Sly, Michigan
State University; Ken Stephenson, University of Oklahoma; and Kristin
Wendland, Emory University.
We wish to thank the staff at Oxford University Press for their support and
encouragement in the development of this project. Jan Beatty, Executive Edi-
tor and visionary, was terrific throughout the process. Cory Schneider, Assis-
tant Editor, worked tirelessly on all aspects of the project. Lisa Grzan, Senior
Production Editor, and Mary Araneo, Managing Editor, oversaw each stage of
the production.
We also wish to express our gratitude to Mike Farrington, the recording en-
gineer and supervisory editor, who is a model of professionalism. And many
thanks to Helen Smith, Director of Eastman’s Recording Services, for her help
and support. Lastly, we thank our families—Anne-Marie, Madeleine, Kathy,
and Arica—for the central role that they play in our lives.
GRADUATE REVIEW
OF TONAL THEORY
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Setting the Stage
1
2 GRADUATE REVIEW OF TONAL THEORY
to play only the notes that are necessary. Examples include removing octave
doublings in the piano and thinning out a texture while maintaining a given
sonority. These important abilities come from analysis and interpretation.
Analysis encourages us to attend actively to the music; we reflect and then
make choices based on our reflection, which we then apply to performance.
Undergraduate studies of music theory and analysis typically involve a regu-
lar regimen of activities that includes labeling harmonies with roman numer-
als and figured bass symbols. The aim of this text is to go further, to reveal
how analysis is an active, process-oriented, and goal-directed enterprise, in-
cluding—but much deeper than—the mechanical and descriptive. Analysis
should illuminate a work’s unique structure on the one hand and place that
artwork within the wider musical context, comparing and revealing its un-
derlying structure as conforming to more general and consistent tonal princi-
ples. This requires musicianship, opinion, creativity, and decisiveness. Analy-
sis matures us, because active attention to a work’s structure reveals subtle
connections between phrases, sections, and movements. We can also consider
important deviations from expectation that are marked in our consciousness
and rendered expressively in performance.
The following four examples illustrate these issues:
• The more we know about a musical work, the more we understand its
context, narrative, and meaning.
• Composers can create countless artworks based on just a few underly-
ing structures.
• Something we do not expect can lead us to investigate whether events
are part of a larger compositional process.
• Attending to the way the musical elements of melody, harmony, and
motive converge—even in a commonplace musical passage—can reveal
elegant subsurface structures.
Deeper Understanding:
Narrative in Brahms’ “Edward Ballade”
A young Brahms wrote a series of Ballades for piano. The first ballade, subti-
tled the “Edward Ballade,” was apparently influenced by a Scottish ballad en-
titled “Edward,” for which the German translation was newly published. As
pianists, we will dig into the work, finding a suitable walking tempo (Andante)
and attempting to reconcile the wild mood swings, large climaxes, and brood-
ing ending into a unified interpretation of the piece. Although we might make
this attempt without consulting the poem, let us take an extra step and look at
what Brahms cites as his motivation for the Ballade.
The Edward Ballade is a narrative, and it details the arrival home of a grief-
stricken youth—with blood-drenched sword—and the ensuing dialogue with
his mother. Naturally, she is consumed with learning what has happened. She
asks, “Where did this blood come from?” to which the youth replies, “I killed
a hawk.” Doubting this is the case, the mother says, “Your hawk’s blood was
never so red.” The youth changes his story, shifting the death to his horse, to
which the mother responds, “That horse was old and you have plenty of oth-
ers. What really happened that would explain your grief?” The youth blurts
out that the blood belongs to his father, whom he has just murdered. The
mother, in apparent shock, asks what he will do now; the youth answers, “I
will run away alone, never to return, and that my wife and children would
Setting the Stage 3
become beggars.” The mother asks, “What will ye leave to your own Mother
dear?” The youth responds, “The curse of Hell from me shall ye bear, Mother,
since it was you who bid me to do this thing.”
Having read this dark and tragic tale, and already knowing that it influenced
Brahms’ composition of the Ballade (a word which means “story”), it would seem
impossible not to consider how such knowledge might influence our interpreta-
tion of the piece. Might there be a literal correspondence between the unfolding of
the poem and that of the piece, perhaps explaining the wild mood swings? Know-
ing the story behind the piece, would our initial tempo, pedaling, voicing, color-
ing and general mood be changed? Clearly the more we know about a piece of
music, the more rich, varied, and inspiring our interpretations will be.
EXAMPLE 1 “Clementine”
F: I
mine dwelt a mi ner, for ty ni ner and his daugh ter Cle men tine.
nine, Her ring box es with out top ses san dal’s were for Cle men tine.
V V7 I V I
Example 1 is in F major, and the controlling harmonies are written below each
measure. The lengthy pause on the G in m. 4, which provides a natural place
to breathe, divides the example into two four-measure phrases. In the first
phrase, the melody leisurely ascends to the C in m. 3, using a series of melodic
leaps. After attaining a melodic high point, the melody quickly descends to
the G in m. 4, completing the melodic shape of an arch.
In order to show this structure more clearly, we will “peel away” layers of
music—that is, we will remove parts of the music so that the underlying
skeleton will be revealed. Take the initial ascent to the C in m. 3. The de-
scending leaps at the beginning of the first two measures are subordinate to
the upward leaps at the downbeats of each measure. The notation in Example
2 reflects the relative importance of pitches to the melodic shape of an arch:
More important notes have stems and beams, and less important notes have
only noteheads and are connected to important notes with slurs. We see the
stemmed notes F–A–C, which form an arpeggiation of the F major triad in the
first three measures.
4 GRADUATE REVIEW OF TONAL THEORY
1. God save our gra cious King, Long live our no ble King,
2. O Lord and God a rise, Scat ter his en e mies,
3. Thy choic est gifts in store On him be pleased to pour,
F: I V I I V I
sequence
5
God save the King! Send him vic to ri ous, Hap py and
And make them fall. Con found their pol i tics, Frus trate their
Long may he reign! May he de fend our laws And ev er
ii6 V I I V7
10 broader
glo ri ous, Long to reign o ver us, God save the King!
knav ish tricks, On Thee our hopes we fix, God save the King!
give us cause To sing with heart and voice, God save the King!
I IV V I
For the most part, the melody moves in stepwise motion. The first phrase has
a melodic arch, from F (m. 1) to A (mm. 3–4), and back to F (m. 6). The second
Setting the Stage 5
phrase 1 phrase 2
Note that although the end of the first phrase descends to F, the larger
melodic shape of both phrases combined has a different structure: an ascent
through F–A–C, followed by a descending stepwise line. If we compare
“Clementine” and “God Save the King,” we see that the songs have different
numbers of measures, different rhythms, and different pitches. However,
through our analyses, we now see that these two tunes are embellishments of
the same basic melodic shape.
42 Db!
arco
arco
It turns out there is a similar musical process in the first op. 74 quartet (Ex-
ample 6). In spite of the quartet’s different key (C major instead of F major),
the very same chromatic C# appears early in the Minuet as part of the same
chromatic line encountered in the other quartet: C–C#–D. The Trio reveals an-
other distant chromatic key (A major), and sure enough, the C# is once again
developed—this time as a member of the A major scale. These relationships
are clearly more than coincidental—and a look at the other movements of the
first and second op. 74 quartets reveals multiple occurrences of C# and Db.
C–C#–D emerges as a crucial motive—and C# as the main note—that ties the
two quartets together.
B. Trio
70
mezza voce
con amabilita
(sanft)
A : I I6 V43 V24 I6 ii 43 I 64 IV V 8 — 7
I
Consider the analysis provided in the example. The roman numerals de-
scribe the quality and inversions of chords, which notes are members of the
chords, and how chords relate hierarchically to the tonic (Ab). Let’s look be-
yond the roman numerals and consider how melodic shape, repetition and
parallelism, and harmony intertwine in this excerpt.
The highest and lowest “voices” in the excerpt—which we will label the
soprano and bass voices, respectively—present the interval of a third as the
main motive. The underlying bass line for the first three measures is the as-
cending line Ab–Bb–C; at the same time, the soprano melody ascends from C to
Eb. Example 8 summarizes the bass motion for this passage.
EXAMPLE 8
3rd 3rd
A: I V43 I6
3rd
8 GRADUATE REVIEW OF TONAL THEORY
Thirds appear in the opening measure: Ab–C in the bass and C–Ab in the so-
prano form a “voice exchange” between the parts. This occurs again in the sec-
ond measure, with Bb–Db in the bass and Db–Bb in the soprano. In fact, the
eighth notes at the end of m. 3 also outline thirds: F–Eb–Db in the bass and
Db–Eb–F in the soprano. Example 9 shows all of these third relationships within
voices and between voices, within measures and among measures. (Xs indi-
cate voice exchanges in the example.)
EXAMPLE 9
A : I V 43 I6 V8 — 7 I
Measures 4–5 have a stepwise descent in the soprano. The Eb on the downbeat
of m. 4 and the Db on the fermata lead to the C on the downbeat of m. 5. Thus,
the overall melodic structure for the excerpt is a melodic arch. Notice what has
occurred here: Through our discussion of melodic structure, we have made
decisions about important notes, which in turn have led us to identify impor-
tant chords in the progression. For example, the I6 in m. 1 and the V42 in m. 2—
although important for establishing the interval of a third—do not participate
in the overall melodic arch.
But we are not done yet! We have skirted over the short cadenza-like flourish
in m. 4. Indeed, pianists are often baffled by this curious figure. However, if we
review the structural contents of the melodic line in Example 9, we see a note-for-
note correspondence between this line, which unfolds over four measures, and
the thirty-second-note flourish (Example 10). Beethoven even summarizes the
proportional relationship between the slowly moving line that begins the piece
and the more quickly rising third (Db–Eb–F) that occurs in m. 3 by his notation:
The Db-Eb-F figure is notated at a more quickly moving grace-note figure in the
flourish in m. 4. Indeed, it seems as if Beethoven has provided us with a
summary of exactly what took place in the first four measures of the piece.
EXAMPLE 10
mm. 1 2 3 4 5
Finally, lest we think that Beethoven limits the use of this flourish to one
movement, let us look at the theme for the last movement of the piano sonata
(Example 11).
Other documents randomly have
different content
„Wat! Toch niet die vent van het electrische licht, die Edison zelf, op
zijn eigen terrein, de vliegen voor den neus wegvangt?”
Nu echter nam hij den sigaar, dien hij in den mond had, tusschen de
slanke vingers van zijn rechterhand, keek een oogenblik vol aandacht
haar de witte asch, die hij in een kristallen aschbak tipte en richtte
den blik van zijn donkere oogen toen weer op het gelaat van Basil
Malwood, die vervolgde:
„Maar dat doet er minder toe—hij heeft het en dat is voldoende. Zijn
patenten zijn zoo vast en zoo secuur als huizen.
„Maar hij heeft ook nog zijn motor, een prachtige uitvinding, die op
alle trams in Amerika is ingevoerd.
„Verder zijn er nog een paar mijnen in het Westen, ergens in Arizona
of Colorado, of de hemel weet waar en een stuk of wat oliebronnen,
natuurgas en ik weet niet wat al meer.
„Spreekt gij over Silverton?” vroeg een heer, die zich juist ook bij het
clubje heeren rondom het tafeltje, kwam voegen. „Die zit ditmaal aan
den haak en komt niet zoo gauw weer los.”
„Dat hoor ik. Men zegt, dat ze aandeel heeft in alle ondernemingen
van haar broer.
„Geen roode cent bezat hij en nu moet hij voor geen veertien millioen
dollars opstaan.”
„Dan heeft Silverton geen kwaden slag geslagen, dunkt me,” liet
graaf Simkins hooren met een lonkje en lachje, dat van slimheid
moest getuigen.
„Trouwens, als zij dat niet was, zou Silverton haar zeker niet
genomen hebben. Daar staat hij immers voor bekend. Hij hecht
bijzonder aan schoonheid.
„Spelen we straks een partij?” wendde hij zich tot graaf Simkins, met
wien hij gewend was, bijna elken avond te domineeren.
„„Ik wil het allerbeste of niets, En als ik niets naar mijn zin kan krijgen,
dan zal ik mij trachten te troosten zonder levensgezellin.”
„Ik geloof, dat het voor Silverton hoog tijd werd om hier of daar wat
klein geld machtig te worden,” liet lord Crofton zich hooren. „Hoe hij
het heeft aangelegd om het zoolang zonder specie te doen, is mij een
raadsel.”
Het gesprek werd op die wijze nog eenigen tijd voortgezet. Alle
aanwezigen kenden den hertog als een zeer oppervlakkig mensch.
„En wanneer komen ze terug?” vroeg graaf Simkins, nadat nog een
reeks van vragen en antwoorden waren gewisseld ten opzichte van
de eigenaardigheden der Silvertons.
„Dat zal een heele aanwinst zijn,” liet zich nu de stem van lord
Aberdeen hooren, die tot dusverre weinig deel had genomen aan het
belangwekkend onderhoud.
Basil Malwood wendde zich tot den spreker en Basil zou moeilijk
kunnen zeggen waarom, maar er was iets in den blik, in de geheele
gelaats-uitdrukking van den lord, dat hem weerhield om een scherp
antwoord te geven.
En alsof hij het spottende glimlachje van lord Aberdeen niet had
opgemerkt, antwoordde hij:
[Inhoud]
TWEEDE HOOFDSTUK.
O, wat een verrassing.
Geheel Londen dacht en sprak over niets anders dan over den naam
en de faam van de Amerikaansche erfdochter, die zoo pas voet aan
wal had gezet op Engelschen bodem.
Men wilde alles, wat men kon, ervaren omtrent de hertogin, alvorens
in haar verheven tegenwoordigheid te verschijnen als haar nederige
bewonderaars.
Een bijna onmerkbare glimlach gleed over het gelaat van lord Edward
Lister, die als lord Aberdeen, lid van de „Club of Lords”, deze
uitnoodiging had ontvangen.
„Sinds wanneer ben jij zoo dol op de soirée’s van lady Simpson?
Vorige jaren heb je de uitnoodigingskaart altijd in de prullemand
gegooid.”
„Die opmerking van jou is zeer juist,” klonk het lachend terug, „doch
lees eens wat er nog is bijgeschreven.”
Hij voelde zich altijd zeer behagelijk, zoo in het hartje van de beste
kringen.
Basil greep de kleine, dikke hand, die hem ter verwelkoming werd
toegestoken, boog, bracht het oogglas, dat hij zich ter verhooging van
zijn belangrijkheid, kort geleden had aangeschaft, op de ware plaats
en trok zich toen bescheiden terug naar de tweede of derde linie van
opgetogen gasten, die de salons vulden.
Daar ontdekte hij op eenigen afstand van hem twee heeren, die hij
dikwijls op de „Club of Lords” had gezien.
Het waren lord Aberdeen en diens jongere neef, baron Charlton, met
welken laatste hij weleens een partij biljart had gespeeld en telkens
verloren.
Met eenige moeite wist hij zich door de gasten heen te bewegen en
eenige oogenblikken later begroette hij de beide heeren, waarop
Charly Brand al spoedig in druk gesprek met hem gewikkeld was.
„Vertel mij eens wat van de jonge hertogin,” begon hij op
fluisterenden toon. „U moet mij haar dadelijk aanwijzen, als zij komt.
U kent haar immers reeds?”
Voor geen schatten van de wereld zou hij hebben bekend, dat hij de
spiksplinternieuwe hertogin zelfs niet van aanzien kende.
„Ik ben erg verlangend, haar te zien,” sprak Charly weer. „Iedereen is
opgetogen over haar en zegt, dat [9]zij zoo’n prachtige vrouw en op
end’op Amerikaansch moet zijn.”
„Ik geloof, dat zij nog niet is aangekomen,” antwoordde Basil, met zijn
oogglas gewapend rondkijkend. Hij monsterde met een blik van
zaakkennis de aanwezigen.
Aller oogen waren gericht op haar, die thans met groote bevalligheid
haar entree maakte en die een hertogin was vanaf den juweelen
diadeem in haar kapsel, tot aan de hakjes van haar vergulde
schoentjes.
Zij was slank, donker van haar en oogen en met veel smaak gekleed,
zooals trouwens te verwachten was van een Amerikaansche
erfdochter.
Alles, wat Sir Basil Malwood in de eerste oogenblikken kon zien, was,
dat zij bevalliger en bekoorlijker was en een vorstelijker verschijning
dan hij zich had voorgesteld.
Hij zag in een oogwenk, dat zij een geboren dame was, welke
geheimzinnige verhalen er ook omtrent haar jeugd de ronde deden.
Ook lord Lister en Charly Brand hadden vol attentie naar de bevallige
Amerikaansche gekeken en Charly met zijn licht ontvlambaar
gemoed en zijn groote bewondering voor het schoone geslacht, hield
bijna den adem in en scheen in een zwijmel van bewondering te zijn
verzonken.
Maar op lord Listers aristocratisch, fijn besneden gelaat lag nog iets
anders uitgedrukt dan bewondering voor de buitengewone
schoonheid en bevalligheid dezer vrouw.
In haar gang, in haar rustige gratie was iets, dat Raffles bekend
voorkwam.
Zeker, zeker,—hij had die slanke, lenige figuur, dat hoofdje dat zich
zoo fier bewoog, meer gezien.
Maar waar?
Met haar keurig witgeborduurd schortje voor, had zij hem al dien tijd
bediend, zijn kamers gestoft, zijn kachel aangemaakt en met haar
dienstmeisje de borden gewasschen en de bedden opgemaakt.
Dat was geweest in den tijd, toen Raffles het voor zijn werk en zijn
plannen noodig had geoordeeld om, als eenvoudig burger, eenigen
tijd zijn prachtige villa in Londen te verlaten en het gewone
kamerleven te leiden in een eenvoudige omgeving.
Charly bevond zich toen voor herstel van gezondheid eenigen tijd op
het eiland Wight en de luttele maanden, welke de Groote Onbekende
in de woning van Lily Baker had doorgebracht, behoorden tot de
aangenaamste van zijn leven.
Groote sympathie had hij toen gekregen voor het beschaafde jonge
meisje, dat kalm en rustig haar plichten vervulde, in wier huis steeds
een aangename toon heerschte en die den onbemiddelden student—
want daarvoor had zij den jongen man moeten houden—met bijna
zusterlijke genegenheid had behandeld, terwijl zij altijd op
onberispelijke wijze haar waardigheid wist op te houden.
Toen had zijn blik de gewone levendigheid herkregen en sprak hij tot
Charly, die zijn oogen niet scheen te kunnen verzadigen aan de
bekoorlijke jonge vrouw:
Raffles zag, hoe Lily telkens bevallig het mooie hoofdje boog, terwijl
de eene gast na de andere aan haar werd voorgesteld.
En Charly begreep niet, hoe zijn vriend het aan zichzelf had kunnen
verkrijgen om nu reeds heen te gaan uit de nabijheid van een vrouw,
zoo beminnelijk en schoon als de jonge hertogin Silverton!
[Inhoud]
DERDE HOOFDSTUK.
Van Pensionhoudster tot Hertogin.
Een lakei nam een visitekaartje van den lord in ontvangst met de
opdracht om hem bij de hertogin aan te dienen.
De jonge vrouw las den naam, die op het kaartje vermeld was en
zag, dat daaronder geschreven stond: „een oud vriend.”
Toen de rijzige, slanke gestalte van den lord den drempel van het
kleine salon overschreed, stond Lily op van de sofa om den bezoeker
te begroeten en een uitdrukking van aangename verrassing
verscheen op haar gelaat.
Zij had in den voornamen lord Aberdeen, wiens naam zij reeds
herhaaldelijk had hooren noemen en die algemeen geacht en gezien
scheen te zijn, onmiddellijk den heer uit haar pension in
Clandonstreet herkend, de heer, die zich toen eenvoudig Mr. John
Williams had genoemd.
„Daar doet u goed aan, lord Aberdeen! Het bezoek van een ouden
bekende is een prettige afwisseling bij al de vormelijke ceremoniën!”
„Dus u hebt John Williams nog niet geheel vergeten, hertogin?” sprak
Raffles, terwijl hij het kleine, blanke handje aan zijn lippen bracht.
„Neen, lord Aberdeen, dat heb ik niet,” antwoordde de jonge vrouw,
„en het doet mij veel genoegen, dat het pension van Lily Baker ook bij
u niet tot de onaangenaamste herinneringen schijnt te behooren. Mijn
broeder en ik hebben in Amerika nog dikwijls samen over u
gesproken.”
„Ik zag u gisteravond op den soirée bij lady Simpson,” vertelde lord
Lister, „maar ik wilde u niet begroeten te midden van al die vreemden.
Daarom verliet ik de salons, voordat ik aan u werd voorgesteld.”
„Op het oogenblik is hij druk bezig met het plaatsen van motoren in
verscheiden groote mijndistricten van Nevada en Arizona. Hij
verwacht er heel veel van voor de ertsbewerking.”
„De meisjesnaam van mijn moeder was Baker en Baker had altijd op
het naambordje gestaan van het huis in Clandonstreet.
„Maar u zelf?”
Doch de hertogin had haar antwoord reeds klaar. Een antwoord, zoo
eenvoudig en helder als alles was, wat zij zeide.
„Ik had een paar honderd pond van mij zelve. Geld, dat ik gekregen
had voor de meubelen en den stand van mijn huis in Clandonstreet
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