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graph of functions and their transformation

graph of functions

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Mohamed Farook
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13 views

graph of functions and their transformation

graph of functions

Uploaded by

Mohamed Farook
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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5.5 Transformations of functions There are three categories of ways that functions can be transformed: translations (moving the graph up, down, left and right), reflections (flipping the graph over the x-axis or y-axis) and scale changes (altering the shape of the graph by multiplying the function by a constant). But before we cover these transformations it is important to become familiar with the popular parent functions. Parent functions High scoring students should be able to sketch the more popular parent functions by hand. Itis often ‘easier than graphing on a calculator. The more popular parent functions and their graphs are shown below: Line ‘Absolute Value fO)=* SOO=l1 ‘Quadratic Exponential Growth fQ)=b', b>1 2 Cubic Exponential Decay Lax fQ@)= , O OY+K) Move down k units y= Fa)-k @Y> wy Move left h units v= Seth) GY e-hy Move right h units y=fa-h GNI Eth) The graphs below show two parent functions before and after they are translated left 1 unit (= —1) and down 2 units (k =~2). Notice that the critical point moves from its original location to its translated location of (i,k) ‘Absolute Value | child: S(e+N-25|x+1]-2 4 Chia Reflections A reflection is achieved by flipping the graph over the x-axis or over the y-axis. Reflections do not change the shape of the curve, just its orientation. To reflect over the x-axis, y= f(x) is replaced by y=—f(2). To reflect over the y-axis, y= f(x)is replaced by y= f(-x) Original function y= (x) _| Translated function _| (xy) mappings: ‘About the x-axis, y=—fay (9) > a=y) ‘About the y-axis ie) Gy) > Cup ‘The graphs below show examples of reflecting two of the parent functions. 213 parent: y= f(x)=x* reflected over the x-ax ‘Quadratic parent: y= f(x)=b", b>1 reflected over the x-axis: y=—/(3) Exponential Growth X 7 (jo) Child: y = —2* Scale changes In this book we will cover what are called vertical scale changes (scale change questions are rare and are more likely to be vertical scale changes). Original function y= f(x) _| Translated function | (xy) mappings: Vertical stretch c>1 ye) Gyo) Vertical shrink 01 reflect over x-axis, then move left 1 and down 1 y=—b" then y=-5"'=1 Parent Parent Note that the critical point moves from (0,1) to (0, because of the reflection. Then it moves from (0, to (1,-2) because of the translation. 215 5.5 Practice problems on transformations of functions 1. What is the result when the transformation (x,y) > (2x,3—y) is applied to (-1, -1)? AL (2,2) B. (24) C22) D. (2.2) E (24) 2. Which of the functions below has been translated left 2 and down 2? A f()=(x-2)*-2 Bo f()=3% Cc. D. f(x) =1.5"? -2 fy=—2)s]-2 E. F(x) =2-(/(x-2)) 3. Which of the following functions has been reflected over the x-axis only? Se) = moo p> fO=CxY 4, A parent function f(x) and a child function g(x) are graphed below. Which of the following could be an expression for g(x)? 909) e {0)_/ g(x)= fort) +2 ay f(e+)-2 gx) =flx-+2 g(x) = f(x-1)-2 &(x)= f(e+2)41 moop> 216 5. Which of the graphs of the following functions never goes below the x-axis? A f(x) =(x-2P B. fy =5*-2 Cc. D S()=Ve-2 E. f(x) =11(x-2) 6. If f(x)= which of the following is the graph of ~f(x+2)? 7. The graph below shows f(x) and g(x) = of (x). What can be concluded about the value of ? cl Cannot be determine moom> i 5.5 Solutions to practice problems on transformations of functions 1.(E) (L-D > 2C-D,3-(D) = (2,4) 2. (C) Inthe parent function, replace xwith x+2and then subtract 2 Paro 3. (D) Parent: y= f(x) =|s| Child: -f()=-| If fQ)=x=a then f(x+a)=(x+a)—a=x y 27 4. (C) (x) has been translated right 1 and up 2. Replace x with x—land add 2. 5. (A) f(x) =(x-2)' is a parabola shifted right two. units. It is tangent to the x-axis but does not go below it. 6. (A) A) shifted left 2 units and reflected over x-axis. B) shifted right 2 units and reflected over x- axis. C) shifted left 2 units but not reflected D) shifted right 2 units but not reflected 7. (0) This is a vertical stretch so c>1. Ife< Othe graph would be reflected over the x-axis. If c=Ithe graph does not change. If 0

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