All rights reserved

Special Paper 03 - Essay

General Certificate of Education (Advanced Level) Examination, 2026

රසායන විද්‍යාව II 02 E II
පැය 02
Chemistry II 02 Hours

Name: ..................................

• Use of calculators is not allowed.

• Avogadro constant NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol−1
• Planck constant h = 6.626 × 10−34 Js
• The speed of light c = 3 × 108 ms −1
• Universal gas constant R = 8.314 JK −1 mol−1

❖ Part A – Structured Essay (Pages 2-4)

• Answer all the questions on separate paper

❖ Part B – Essay (pages 5 -6)

• Answer all the questions.

Pasindu Chammika Contact : 071 4354993 Page |1

 STRUCTURED ESSAY
01)
a) Mention whether the following statements are true or false on the dotted lines. No
need to mention reasons.

i) The electron gain energy of Na is positive.

………………………………………………………………………………
ii) All resonant structures of N2O do not contribute to its resonance hybrid.
………………………………………………………………………………
iii) The electro negativity of C in C2H2 is higher than the electro negativity of
C in C2Cl4.
………………………………………………………………………………
iv) Thermal decomposition of Ca(NO3)2 is easier than that of Be(NO3)2.
………………………………………………………………………………
v) The line with least energy in any series of the hydrogen emission
spectrum, arranged according to the frequency, is considered as the first
line.
………………………………………………………………………………
vi) The melting point of SiO2 is less than that of KBr.
………………………………………………………………………………

b) I.
i) Sketch the most acceptable Lewis dot-dash structure for the N3O−
4 ion.
Below given is its skeleton.

O O
N N N
O
O

ii) Give the oxidation numbers of N1 and N2 in the structure drawn in (i). N
atoms are marked as follows.

O O
N1 N N2
O
O
N1……………………………………

N2 ……………………………………

Pasindu Chammika Contact : 071 4354993 Page |2

 iii) Below given is the most stable Lewis dot-dash structure for the H2CNOCl
molecule. Draw three more Lewis dot-dash structures (resonance
structures) for this molecule.
:

:
:

H – O – N = C – C – Cl:
:

:
H

iv) Fill in the table considering the given Lewis dot-dash structure and its
labeled skeleton.
:

H – C = N – C ≡ C – Cl: H – C1– N2 – C3 – C4 – Cl
:

: Br : Br
:

C1 N2 C3 C4
Number of VSEPR pairs

Electron pair geometry

around the atom
Shape around the atom

Hybridization of the
atom

Pasindu Chammika Contact : 071 4354993 Page |3

 Questions (v) to (viii) are based on the Lewis dot-dash structure given in
(iv). The atoms are labeled as given in (iv).

v) Identify the atomic/ hybrid orbitals involved in the formation of σ bonds

between following atoms.
I. C1 – H C1 H ………………………
………………………
II. C1 – N2 C1 N2 ………………………
………………………
III. N2 – C3 N2 C3 ………………………
………………………
IV. C3 – C4 C3 C4 ………………………
………………………
V. C4 – Cl C4 Cl ………………………
………………………

vi) Identify the atomic orbitals involved in the formation of π bonds between
following atoms.
C1 – N2 C1 N2 ………………………
………………………
C3 – C4 C3 C4 ………………………
………………………

vii) Write down the approximate bond angles around C1, C2, C3 and N2.
C1 - C2 - C3 - N2 -
……………… ……………… ……………… ………………
…. …. …. ….

viii) Arrange C1, C2, C3 and N2 in the increasing order of electro negativity.
…………………. < …………………. < …………………. <
………………….

c)
I) X and Y are two isoatomic gaseous molecules with a relative molecular
mass ratio of 2 : 3. These molecules have a de Broglie wavelength.
i) The wavelength of the X molecule is 566 x 10-13 m, while its velocity is
221 ms-1. Find the mass of an X molecule. (h = 6.6 x 10-34 Js-1)
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………….
ii) Find the relative molecular mass of X molecule.
………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
iii) Hence, derive the relative molecular mass of Y.
………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………
iv) One of the above molecules is polar and the other is non-polar. Identify
them,

Pasindu Chammika Contact : 071 4354993 Page |4

 Polar –
………………………………………………………………………………
Non-polar –
………………………………………………………………………………
II) Give examples for two diatomic molecules with similar atomic masses and
linear and π bonds.
………………………………………………………………………………

ESSAY

01)
a) When experimenting with the properties of cathode rays, several experiments
were carried out by J. J. Thompson.

i) Name 3 properties of cathode rays identified by those experiments.

ii) Draw a rough diagram of a cathode ray tube and describe one of the
properties you mentioned in i). (observations and conclusions should be
mentioned)
iii) Briefly explain how positive rays/ tube rays are formed inside a Crooke’s
tube.
iv) What is known as the radioactivity of an element?
v) State 3 facts mentioned in the Bohr’s model of an atom.

b) Describe the given statements in the best way possible.

i) Even though there are 10 electrons in both Na+ and Mg2+, the radius of
Mg2+ is smaller than that of Na+.
ii) Even though the first electron enthalpy of Li is -59.6 kJ mol-1, the value of
the first electron enthalpy of Be is +66 kJ mol-1.
iii) When considering first ionization energies, the value of the first ionization
energy of O is less than that of N.
iv) The atomic radius decreases when going from left to right a period.

c) The de Broglie equation is used to show the wave nature of a particle travelling at
high speed.

i) If the mass of an electron is m and the velocity is V, write an expression

for the de Broglie wavelength (λ).
ii) Consider the following data regarding an electron and a bullet in motion.
Object Mass/ kg Velocity/ ms-1
Electron 9.1 x 10-31 5.9 x 106

Bullet 5.0 x 10-3 350

Pasindu Chammika Contact : 071 4354993 Page |5

 I. Calculate the de Broglie wavelengths relevant to the electron and
the bullet.
II. Hence, compare the wave nature of the two objects.

02)
a) A student wants to prepare a volume 500 cm3 of a 1 mol dm-3 Na2CO3 solution.
i) Find the mass of Na2CO3 needed for this.
ii) Name an instrument that can be used to measure the above mentioned mass in the
laboratory.
iii) Name 3 other instruments needed to prepare this solution in the laboratory.
iv) Name 3 factors to take into consideration when preparing this solution accurately.

b) A student uses 0.2 mol dm-3 H2SO4 to find the concentration of a NaOH solution
with an unknown concentration.
Here, 25 cm3 of NaOH was added into a titration flask with about two drops of
phenolphthalein indicator, and then it was titrated with 0.2 mol dm-3 H2SO4 in the
burette. The average value of the burette readings taken in 3 instances is 25 cm3.

i) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NaOH and
H2SO4.
ii) State another indicator that can be used instead of phenolphthalein in this
titration.
iii) Name the instrument used to measure the volume of NaOH.
iv) Find the total number of moles of H2SO4 used in the reaction.
v) What is the number of moles of NaOH needed to react with the above
mentioned number of moles of H2SO4?
vi) Calculate the concentration of the NaOH solution in mol dm-3.

c)
I. The dipolar moment of HBr is 4.1695 x 10-30 and its bond length is 1.4 x
10-10 Cm. find the charge in the pole of an HBr atom.
II. State whether the following atoms have a dipolar moment or not.
i) CHCl3
ii) SO3
iii) CCl4
iv) PH3
v) CO2
vi) BeCl2

Pasindu Chammika Contact : 071 4354993 Page |6