People's Democratic Republic of Algeria

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Mohamed Chérif Messaâdia University –Souk Ahras
Faculty of Science and Technology

TP N° 05: Control Statements

(For and While Loops, If and
Switch Statements)
[email protected]

College year: 2024-2025

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 Introduction
• The control structures in Matlab are very similar to those in other
programming languages such as C.
• They are useful for writing Matlab programs.

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 Conditional structure
Where:
• Condition : is a logical expression whose result can be true or false.
• Instructions : is a sequence of instructions.
• If the result of the evaluation of the condition is true, Instructions is
executed, then the instruction following the keyword end .
• If the result of the evaluation of the condition is false, we go directly to the
instruction following the end keyword.
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 Conditional structure
• A conditional structure allows you to execute a sequence of instructions only if the
condition is true.
• Different forms of conditional structures exist in Matlab:
• 1. Simple form:
• Syntax:
• if condition
Instructions
• end
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 Conditional structure
Example:
Nbr = input(‘Give a number ')
if (Nbr==9)
disp(‘Correct anserwer')
end.

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 Conditional structure
• 2. Alternative form:
• Syntax:
• if condition
Bloc of Instructions_1
else
Bloc of Instructions_2
• end
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 Conditional structure
Where:
• Condition: is a logical expression whose result can be true or false.
• Bloc Instructions_1 and Bloc Instructions_2 are two sequences of instructions.
• If the result of the evaluation of condition is true, Bloc Instructions_1 is
executed, then the instruction following the end keyword.
• If the result of the evaluation of condition is false, Bloc Instructions_2 is
executed, then the instruction following the end keyword.

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 Conditional structure
Example:
• if (x ~= 0)
y = 1/x ;
disp (y)
else
disp(‘Error division by zero');
end
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 Conditional structure
3. Nested form:
Syntax:
if condition_1
Instructions_1
elseif condition_2
Instructions_2
elseif condition_3
Instructions_3
...
else
Instructions_n
end
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 Conditional structure
Where:
• condition_i : is a logical expression whose result can be true or false.
Instructions _i : is a sequence of instructions.
• If the result of evaluating condition_i is true, Instructions _i is executed,
then the instruction following the keyword end.
• If none of the expressions condition_1, condition_2,..., is true, the
instruction Instructions_n (default sequence of instructions) is executed,
then the instruction following the keyword end.
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 Conditional structure
• Example:
• age=input('Give your age: ');
• if (age < 2)
• disp(‘You are a baby')
• elseif (age < 13)
• disp(‘You are a child')
• elseif (age < 18)
• disp (‘You are a teenagert')
• elseif (age < 60)
• disp (‘You are an adult' )
• else
• disp (‘You are an old man')
• end
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 Conditional structure
• Exercice 01:
• Write a matlab script that ask user to give two integers, than calculate their
multiplication, and display if the result is negative or positive
• Exercice 02:
• Write a script matlab that allows to find the root of the equation 2nd degree:
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

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 Solution
• Exercice 01:
x= input('give the number x ');
y= input('give the number y ');
p=x*y;
if p<0
disp('the product is negative')
else
disp ('the product is pisitive')
end
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 Solution
• Exercice 02:
a= input('give the number a ');
b=input('give the number b');
c=input('give the number c');
d=b^2-4*a*c;
if d>0
x1= -b-sqrt(d)/2*a
x2= -b+sqrt(d)/2*a
elseif (d==0)
x= -b/2*a
else
disp('There is no solution')
end
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 Multiple choices – switch instruction
• Syntax:
switch var
case const_ 1,
instructions_1
case const_2,
instructions_2
...
otherwise
Instructions_n
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end
 Multiple choices – switch instruction
• Such that:
• var is a numeric variable or a string variable.
• const_i is a numeric constant or string constants of the same type as var.
• Instructions_i is a sequence of instructions.
• If the variable var is equal to the constant const_i , the corresponding
sequence of instructions is executed (i.e. Instructions_i , then the
instruction following the keyword end.
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 Multiple choices – switch instruction
• If var is not equal to any of the constants const_1, const_2,..., we execute
the instruction Instructions_n (default sequence of instructions), then the
instruction following the keyword end.
• If there is no default case, and var is not equal to any of the const_i
constants, then we continue at the first statement following the end keyword.

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 Multiple choices – switch instruction
Example:
x = input (‘Give a number : ') ;
switch x
case 0
disp('x = 0 ')
case 10
disp('x = 10 ')
case 100
disp('x = 100 ')
Otherwise
disp('x is not 0 or 10 or 100 ')
end
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 Multiple choices – switch instruction
Exercice:
Write a matlab script that allows to Grab the day number in a week (1-7) and
display the day name using switch case.

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Solution

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 The loops
• Loops allow you to execute a sequence of instructions repeatedly.
1 The for loop: if you know the number of iteration from min value to max
value you can use the for loop
Syntax:
for indice = min: max
Instructions
end
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 The loops
• index: is a variable called the loop index.
• min (lower bound) and max (upper bound): are two integer constants.
• Instructions: is the sequence of instructions to repeat ( We are talking about the
body of the loop ).
• If min ≤ max , Instructions is executed ( supinf+1 ) times, for the values of the
index variable equal to inf, inf+1,...,sup , then it goes to the instruction immediately
following the end of loop instruction (end).
• If min > max , it goes directly to the instruction immediately following the end of
loop instruction (end).

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 The loops
• Example:
• Write a matlab script that calculate the sum from 1 to 9.
sum = 0;
for i = 1:9
sum = sum+i;
end;
disp(sum)
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 The loops
• Exercice:
• Write a matlab script that calculate the product of numbers from 1 to a
number given by the user.

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 Solution
• x = input ('give a number');
• p=1;
• for i=0:x
• p=p*i;
• end
• disp('the product is %d',p)

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 The loops
• 2. While loop:
• This loop repeat sequance of instructions until the condition is not verified.
• Syntax:
while condition
Instructions
end

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 The loops
• condition: is a logical expression (having two values true or false).
• Instructions: is a sequence of instructions that repeats as long as condition
has the value true.
• When the value of condition becomes false, we go to the instruction that
immediately follows the end of loop instruction (end).
• condition is generally the result of a test (for example i < 10) or the result
of a logical function (for example ~empty(x) ).

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 The loops
• Example:
• Write a matlab script that calculate the sum from 1 to 9 using while loop.

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 Solution
s=0;
i=1;
while i<=9
s=s+i;
i=i+1;
end

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 The loops
Exercice:
• Transform the following code using while loop:
n=input(‘Give a number :') ;
fact = 1;
for k = 1:n
fact = fact*k;
end
disp(fact)
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 Solution
n=input(‘Give a number :') ;
fact = 1;
k=1;
While k<=n
fact = fact*k;
k=k+1;
end
disp(fact)

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