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CH 4 Relational databas..

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Accounting Information Systems

Fifteenth Edition, Global Edition

Chapter 4
Relational Databases

• Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd.


File-oriented approach vs database

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What Is a Database?
• A set of interrelated data, efficiently and centrally
coordinated data
• Includes information for a related group of files
• A file is a related group of records
• A record is a related group of fields
• A field is a specific attribute of interest for the entity
(record)

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Basic Elements of Data Hierarchy

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Advantages of Databases
• Data is integrated
• Data sharing
• Minimize data redundancy and inconsistencies
• Data is easily accessed for reporting and cross-functional
analysis
Database Design
• To design a database, you need to have a conceptual view
of the entire database. The conceptual view illustrates the
different files and relationships between the files.
• The data dictionary is a “blueprint” of the structure of the
database and includes data elements, field types,
programs that use the data element, outputs, and so on.

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Type of Attributes:

• A primary key: is the database attribute, or combination of


attributes, that uniquely identifies a specific row in a table.

• A foreign key: is an attribute in one table that is also a


primary key in another table and is used to link the two
tables.

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Relational Data Tables (2 of 2)

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DBMS Languages

• Data Definition Language (DDL):


– Builds the data dictionary, creates the database, describes
logical views, and specifies record or field security
constraints.
• Data Manipulation Language (DML):
– Changes database content, including data element
creations, updates, insertions, and deletions.
• Data Query Language (DQL):
– Contains powerful, easy-to-use commands that enable
users to retrieve, sort, order, and display data.

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• Most DBMS packages contain data definition DDL, data manipulation
DML, and data query languages DQL. For each of the following,
indicate which language would be used.
a. A database administrator defines the logical structure of the database
The DDL - this is the language used to define the database.
b. The controller requests a cost accounting report containing a list of
all employees being paid for more than 10 hours overtime in a given
week.
The DQL - this is an example of a query.
c. A programmer develops a program to update the fixed-assets records
stored in the database.
The DML - this is the language used to actually process transaction data and
update the database.

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d. The human resources manager requests a report noting all employees
who are retiring within five years.
The DQL - another example of a task that involves querying the database
e. A user develops a program to print out all purchases made during the
past two weeks.
The DQL – this listing can be produced by a query.
f. An additional field is added to the fixed-asset records to record the
estimated salvage value of each asset.
The DDL and the DML - the former to add the field, the latter to enter data in
it.

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Key Terms (1 of 2)
• Database • External-level schema
• Database management • Subschema
system (D B M S) • Conceptual-level schema
• Database system • Internal-level schema
• Database administrator (D B A) • Access rights
• Online transaction processing • Data dictionary
database (O LT P) • Data definition language (DDL)
• Data warehouse • Structured query language (SQL)
• Business intelligence • Data manipulation language (DML)
• Online analytical processing • Data query language (DQL)
(O LAP) • Report writer
• Data mining • Data model
• Record layout • Relational data model
• Logical view • Tuple
• Physical view
• Schema

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd.


Key Terms (2 of 2)
• Primary key
• Foreign key
• Update anomaly
• Insert anomaly
• Delete anomaly
• Relational database
• Entity integrity rule
• Referential integrity rule
• Normalization
• Semantic data modeling

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd.

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