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 UNIT-1: BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY AND
CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS

Choose the Best Answer

EVALUATION
1. 40 ml of methane is completely burnt using 80 ml of oxygen at room temperature. The
volume of gas left after cooling to room temperature is
(a) 40 ml CO2 gas (b) 40 ml CO2 gas and 80 ml H2O gas
(c) 60 ml CO2 gas and 60 ml H2O gas (d) 120 ml CO2 gas
2. An element X has the following isotopic composition 200X = 90%, 199X = 8% and 202X =
2%. The weighted average atomic mass of the element X is closest to
(a) 201 u (b) 202 u (c) 199 u (d) 200 u
3. Assertion : two mole of glucose contains 12.044 × 10 molecules of glucose.
23

Reason : Total number of entities present in one mole of any substance is

equal to 6.02 × 1022
(a)Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.
(b)Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
(c)assertion is true but reason is false
(d)both assertion and reason are false
4. Carbon forms two oxides, namely carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The equivalent mass of
which element remains constant?
(a) carbon (b) oxygen
(c) both carbon and oxygen (d) neither carbon nor oxygen
5. The equivalent mass of a trivalent metal element is 9 g eq-1 the molar mass of its
anhydrous oxide is
(a) 102 g (b) 27 g (c) 270 g (d) 78 g
6. The number of water molecules in a drop of water weighing 0.018 g is (JUN 23, MAR 24)
(a) 6.022 × 10 (b) 6.022 × 10
26 23
(c) 6.022 × 1020
(d) 9.9 × 1022
7. 1 g of an impure sample of magnesium carbonate (containing no thermally decomposable impurities)
on complete thermal decomposition gave 0.44 g of carbon dioxide gas. The percentage of
impurity in the sample is
(a) 0% (b) 4.4% (c) 16% (d) 8.4%
8. When 6.3 g of sodium bicarbonate is added to 30 g of acetic acid solution, the residual solution is
found to weigh 33 g. The number of moles of carbon dioxide released in the reaction is
(a) 3 (b) 0.75 (c) 0.075 (d) 0.3
9. When 22.4 litres of H2(g) is mixed with 11.2 litres of Cl2(g), each at 273 K at 1 atm the moles
of HCl(g), formed is equal to
(a) 2 moles of HCl(g) (b) 0.5 moles of HCl(g)
(c) 1.5 moles of HCl(g) (d) 1 mole of HCl(g)
10. Hot concentrated sulphuric acid is a moderately strong oxidising agent. Which of the
following reactions does not show oxidising behaviour?

(a) Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O (b) C + 2H2SO4 
→ CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O
(c) BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HCl (d) None of the above
11. Choose the disproportionation reaction among the following redox reactions.
(a) 3Mg(s) + N2(g) 
→ Mg3N2(s) (b) P4(s) + 3NaOH + 3H2O → PH3(g) + 3NaH2PO2(aq)
(c) Cl2(g) + 2KI(aq) 
→ 2KCl(aq) + I2 (d) Cr2O3(s) + 2Al(s) 
→ Al2O3(s) + 2Cr(s)
12. The equivalent mass of potassium permanganate in alkaline medium is
MnO4- + 2H2O + 3e-  → MnO2 + 4OH-
(a) 31.6 (b) 52.7 (c) 79 (d) none of these
13. Which one of the following represents 180 g of water? (SEP 21)
(a) 5 moles of water (b) 90 moles of water
23
(c) 6.022 × 10 molecules of water (d) 6.022 × 1024 molecules of water
180
14. 7.5 g of a gas occupies a volume of 5.6 litres at 0°C and 1 atm pressure. The gas is (SEP 21)
(a) NO (b) N2O (c) CO (d) CO2
15. Total number of electrons present in 1.7 g of ammonia is (JUL 22)
(b) 6.022 × 10 (c) 6.022 × 10 (d) 6.022 × 10
22 24 23
(a) 6.022 × 1023
1.7 1.7 1.7
16. The correct increasing order of the oxidation state of sulphur in the anions
SO 2-4 , SO32- , S2 O 2-4 , S2 O 62- is
2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2-
(a) SO3 < SO 4 < S2 O 4 < S2 O 6 (b) SO 4 < S2 O 4 < S2 O 6 < SO3
2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2- 2-
(c) S2 O 4 < SO3 < S2 O 6 < SO 4 (d) S2 O 6 < S2 O 4 < SO 4 < SO3
17. The equivalent mass of ferrous oxalate is
molar mass of ferrous oxalate molar mass of ferrous oxalate
(a) (b)
1 2
molar mass of ferrous oxalate
(c) (d) none of these
3
18. If Avagadro number were changed from 6.022 × 1023 to 6.022 × 1020, this would change
(a) the ratio of chemical species to each other in a balanced equation
(b) the ratio of elements to each other in a compound
(c) the definition of mass in units of grams
(d) the mass of one mole of carbon
19. Two 22.4 litre containers A and B contains 8 g of O2 and 8 g of SO2 respectively at 273 K
and 1 atm pressure, then
(a) Number of molecules in A and B are same
(b) Number of molecules in B is more than that in A
(c) The ratio between the number of molecules in A to number of molecules in B is 2:1
(d) Number of molecules in B is three times greater than the number of molecules in A
20.What is the mass of precipitate formed when 50 ml of 8.5% solution of AgNO3 is mixed
with 100 ml of 1.865% potassium chloride solution?
(a) 3.59 g (b) 7 g (c) 14 g (d) 28 g
21.The mass of a gas that occupies a volume of 612.5 ml at room temperature and pressure
(25°C and 1 atm pressure) is 1.1 g. The molar mass of the gas is
(a) 66.25 g mol-1 (b) 44 g mol-1 (c) 24.5 g mol-1 (d) 662.5 g mol-1
22. Which of the following contain same number of carbon atoms as in 6 g of carbon-12
(a) 7.5 g ethane (b) 8 g methane (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
23. Which of the following compound(s) has/have percentage of carbon same as that in
ethylene (C2H4) (MAR 19, SEP 21, MAR 23)
(a) propene (b) ethyne (c) benzene (d) ethane
24.Which of the following is/are true with respect to carbon-12
(a) relative atomic mass is 12 u
(b) oxidation number of carbon is +4 in all its compounds
(c) 1 mole of carbon-12 contain 6.022 × 1022 carbon atoms
(d) all of these
25. Which of the following is used as a standard for atomic mass?
(a) 6C12 (b) 7C12 (c) 6C13 (d) 6C14

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
26. Which has maximum number of molecules?
(a) 7 g N2 (b) 2 g H2 (c) 18 g NO2 (d) 16 g O2
27. The number of atoms in 0.1 mole of a triatomic gas is:
(a) 1.8 × 1022 (b) 6.02 × 1023 (c) 1.806 × 1023 (d) 3.6 × 1023
28. 6.02 × 10 molecules of urea are present in 100 ml of its solution. The concentration of
20

solution is:
(a) 0.01 M (b) 0.001 M (c) 0.1 M (d) 0.02 M
29. The Number of water molecules is maximum in:
(a) 1.8 g H2 O (b) 18 g H2 O
(c) 18 moles of water (d) 18 molecule of water
30. The oxidation number of Carbon in CH2F2 is ...... (JUNE 19)
(a) +4 (b) – 4 (c) 0 (d) +2
31. The relative molecular mass of ethanol is (SEP 20)
(a) 0.46g (b) 4.6g (c) 460 g (d) 46g
 UNIT-2: QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF ATOM

Choose the Best Answer

EVALUATION
1. Electronic configuration of species M2+ is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 and its atomic weight is
56. The number of neutrons in the nucleus of species M is
(a) 26 (b) 22 (c) 30 (d) 24
2. The energy of light of wavelength 45 nm is
(a) 6.67 × 1015 J (b) 6.67 × 1011 J (c) 4.42 × 10-18 J (d) 4.42 × 10-15 J
3. The energies E1 and E2 of two radiations are 25 eV and 50 eV respectively. The relation between
their wavelengths i.e. λ1 and λ2 will be
λ1
(a) =1 (b) λ1 = 2λ2 (c) λ1 = 25×50λ 2 (d) 2λ1 = λ2
λ2
4. Splitting of spectral lines in an electric field is called (MAR 19,22)
(a) Zeeman effect (b) Shielding effect
(c) Compton effect (d) Stark effect
-18  z2 
5. Based on equation E = -2.178 × 10 J , certain conclusions are written. Which of them is
 2
 
n
not correct? (NEET)
(a) Equation can be used to calculate the change in energy when the electron changes orbit
(b)For n = 1, the electron has a more negative energy than it does for n = 6, which
means that the electron is more loosely bound in the smallest allowed orbit
(c)The negative sign in equation simply means that the energy of electron bound to
the nucleus is lower than it would be if the electrons were at the infinite distance
from the nucleus
(d)Larger the values of n, the larger is the orbit radius
6. According to the Bohr Theory, which of the following transitions in the hydrogen atom
will give rise to the least energetic photon?
(a) n = 6 to n = 1 (b) n = 5 to n = 4
(c) n = 5 to n = 3 (d) n = 6 to n = 5
7. Assertion : The spectrum of He+ is expected to be similar to that of
hydrogen.
Reason : He+ is also one electron system.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false
(d) If both assertion and reason are false
8. Which of the following pairs of d-orbitals will have electron density along the axes?
(NEET Phase-II)
(a) d 2 ,d xz (b) d xz ,d yz (c) d z 2 ,d x 2 − y2 (d) d xy ,d x 2 − y2
z
9. Two electrons occupying the same orbital are distinguished by JUN 23)
(a) azimuthal quantum number (b) spin quantum number
(c) magnetic quantum number (d) orbital quantum number
10. The electronic configuration of Eu (Atomic No. 63) Gd (Atomic No. 64) and Tb (Atomic No.
65) are (NEET Phase II)
(a) [Xe] 4f6 5d1 6s2, [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 and [Xe] 4f8 5d1 6s2
(b) [Xe] 4f7, 6s2, [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 and [Xe] 4f9 6s2
(c) [Xe] 4f7, 6s2, [Xe] 4f8 6s2 and [Xe] 4f8 5d1 6s2
(d) [Xe] 4f6 5d1 6s2, [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 and [Xe] 4f9 6s2
11. The maximum number of electrons in a sub shell is given by the expression (MAR 24)
(a) 2n2 (b) 2l + 1 (c) 4l + 2 (d) none of these
12. For d-electron, the orbital angular momentum is
2h 2h 2× 4h 6h
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2π 2π 2π 2π
13. What is the maximum numbers of electrons that can be associated with the following set
of quantum numbers? n = 3, l = 1 and m = -1.
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) = 10
14. Assertion : Number of radial and angular nodes for 3p orbital are 1, 1
respectively.
Reason : Number of radial and angular nodes depends only on
principal quantum number.
(a) both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
(b) both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false
(d) both assertion and reason are false
15. The total number of orbitals associated with the principal quantum number n = 3 is
(JUL 22, MAR 23)
(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) 7
16. If n = 6, the correct sequence for filling of electrons will be,
(a) ns → (n – 2) f → (n – 1) d → np (b) ns → (n – 1) d → (n – 2) f → np
(c) ns → (n – 2) f → np → (n – 1) d (d) none of these are correct
17. Consider the following sets of quantum numbers:
n l m s
i) 3 0 0 1
+
2
ii) 2 2 1 −
1
2
iii) 4 3 -2 1
+
2
iv) 1 0 -1 1
+
2
v) 3 4 3 −
1
2
18.Which of the following sets of quantum number is not possible?
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) (b) (ii), (iv) and (v)
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
19. How many electrons in an atom with atomic number 105 can have (n + l) = 8?
(a) 30 (b) 17 (c) 15 (d) unpredictable
20. Electron density in the yz plane of 3d x 2 − y2 orbital is
(a) zero (b) 0.50 (c) 0.75 (d) 0.90
21. If uncertainty in position and momentum are equal, then minimum uncertainty in velocity is
1 h h 1 h h
(a) (b) (c) (d)
m π π 2m π 4π
22. A macroscopic particle of mass 100 g and moving at a velocity of 100 cm s-1 will have a
de Broglie wavelength of
(a) 6.6 × 10-29 cm (b) 6.6 × 10-30 cm (c) 6.6 × 10-31 cm (d) 6.6 × 10-32 cm
23. The ratio of de Broglie wavelengths of a deuterium atom to that of an α-particle, when
the velocity of the former is five times greater than that of later, is
(a) 4 (b) 0.2 (c) 2.5 (d) 0.4
24. The energy of an electron in the 3rd orbit of hydrogen atom is –E. The energy of an
electron in the first orbit will be (JUNE 19)
-E -E
(a) -3E (b) (c) (d) -9E
3 9
25. Time independent Schrodinger wave equation is
(a) Ĥψ = Eψ (b) ∇ 2 ψ +
8π 2 m
(E + V)ψ = 0
h2
∂ 2 ψ ∂ 2 ψ ∂ 2 ψ 2m
(c) + + + (E - V)ψ = 0 (d) all of these
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2 h 2
26. Which of the following does not represent the mathematical expression for the
Heisenberg uncertainty principle?
h h
(a) ∆x ⋅ ∆p ≥ (b) ∆x ⋅ ∆v ≥
4π 4πm
h h
(c) ∆E ⋅ ∆t ≥ (d) ∆E ⋅ ∆x ≥
4π 4π
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
26. The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by
(a) Magnetic quantum number (b) Principal quantum number
(c) Azimuthal quantum number (d) Spin quantum number
27. Which of the following is not permissible arrangement of electrons in an atom?
(a) n = 5, l = 3, m = 0 , s = +1/2 (b) n = 3, l = 2, m = -2 , s = -1/2
(c) n = 3, l = 2, m = -3, s = -1/2 (d) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, s = -1/2
28. The orbital angular momentum of a p-electron is given as
h 3h h h
(a) 3 (b) (c) 6 (d)
2π 2 π 2π 2π
29. How many electrons can fit in the orbital for which n = 3 and l = 1?
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 10 (d) 14
30. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in L orbit is. (SEP 20)
(a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
 1. Basic Concepts of Chemistry and Chemical Calculations
1. What do you understand by the term mole? (June-19, June-23) (Gem guide Q.No: 27)
Answer Key Marks
Correct Explanation 3
2. Define Equivalent Mass(or) Define Gram equivalent mass? (May-22,May-24)
Gem guide Q.No: 28
Answer Key Marks
Correct definition (or) 2
−1
mass ( gmol )
Gram Equivalent mass=
Equivalent Factor
3. Distinguish between oxidation and reduction? (Sep-21, Mar-23) Gem guide Q.No: 30
Answer Key Marks
Any three points 3
4. What is the empirical formula of the following? (Sep-21) Gem guide Q.No: 38
i) Fructose(C6H12O6) Found in honey
ii) Caffeine (C8H10N4O2) a substance found in tea and coffee.
Compound Molecular Formula Empirical Formula Marks
Fructose C6H12O6 CH2O 1
Caffenine C8H10N4O2 C4H5N2O 1
5. Calculate the empirical and molecular formula of a compound containing 76.6%
carbon, 6.38% hydrogen and rest oxygen. It’s vapour density is 47. (Sep 20, Jul 22)
Gem guide Q.No: 42
Answer Key Marks
Tabular column with simple ratio 2
Empirical Formula = C6H6O 1
n=1 1
Molecular Formula = C6H6O 1
6. A Compound on analysis gave Na=14.31%, S=9.97%, H=6.22%, H=6.22% and
O=69.5%. Calculate the molecular formula of the compound if all the hydrogen in the
compound is present in combination with oxygen as water of crystallization. (molecular
mass of the compound is 322) (Mar-23) Gem guide Q.No: 43
Answer Key Mark
Tabular column with simple ratio 2
Empirical formula = Na2 SH20 O14 1
n=1 1
Molecular Formula = Na2 SO4. 10H2 O 1
7. Balance the following equations by oxidation number method.
(Mar 23) Gem guide Q.No: 45
a) Cu + HNO3 → Cu ( NO3 )2 + NO2 + H 2O
Answer Key Mark
0 +5 +2 +4 ½
Cu + H N O → Cu(NO3 )2 + N O2 + H 2 O 1
↑ ↓
2e 1e
Cu + 2HNO 3  → Cu(NO3 ) 2 + NO 2 + H 2 O
Cu + 2HNO3 + 2HNO 3 
→ Cu(NO3 ) 2 + 2NO 2 + 2H 2O
Cu + 4HNO3 
→ Cu(NO3 )2 + 2NO 2 + 2H 2 O
(b) KMnO4 + Na2SO3 →MnO2 + Na2SO4 + KOH
 Answer Key Mark
+7 +4 +4 +6 ½
K M nO 4 + Na 2 S O3  → Mn O 2 + Na 2 S O 4 + KOH 1
↑- ↓-
3e 2e
2KMnO4 + 3Na2SO3 → MnO2 + Na2SO4 + KOH
2KMnO4 + 3Na2SO3 → 2MnO2 + 3Na2SO4 + KOH
2KMnO4 + 3Na2SO3 + H2O → 2MnO2 + 3Na2SO4 + 2KOH
8. Calculate the equivalent mass of H2SO4 ? (Mar-19) Gem guide Q.No: 62
Answer Key Mark
1
E= Molarmass of the acid
Basicity of the acid 1
98 1
Gram equivalent mass of H2SO4 =
2
Gram equivalent mass of H2SO4 = 49 g eq-1
9. Define Basicity. Find the basicity of ortho-phosphoric acid. (Sep-20) Gem guide Q.No: 55
Answer Key Marks
Correct Definition 1
-1
Basicity = 3 equ mol 1
10. What is meant by limiting agent? (July-22) Gem guide Q.No: 58
Answer Key Marks
Correct definition 2
11. Calculate oxidation number of oxygen in H2O2. (Mar-19) Gem guide Q.No: 63
Answer Key Marks
H2O2, 2(+1)+2x=0, x= -1 1+1
12 Calculate the oxidation number of underlined elements. (May-22) Gem guide Q.No: 66
a) CO2 b)H2 SO4
Answer Key Marks
i)C+2(-2) = 0 1½
C=+4
ii) 2(+1)+S+4(-2)=0 1½
S=+6
13. A Compound having the empirical formula C6H6O has the vapour density 47. Find
its Molecular Formula. (Mar-19) Gem guide Q.No: 68
Answer Key Marks
Mass of empirical formula= 6(12)+6(1) + 16 = 94 ½
Molar mass =2×Vapour density=2×47=94 ½
molecular mass ½
n=
Calculated empirical formula mass
½
= 94/94 = 1
½
Molecular formula = n× empirical formula ½
Molecular formula = 1×(C6H6O) = C6H6O
14. An organic compound present in the vinegar has 40% carbon, 6.6% hydrogen and
53.4% oxygen. Find its Empirical formula. (Mar-24) Gem guide Q.No: 72
Answer Key Marks
Tabular column with simple ratio for three elements 2
Empirical formula = CH2O 1
 2. Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom
1. Calculate the total number of angular nodes and radial nodes present in 3d and 4f
Orbitals. (Sep-20) (Gem Guide Q.No – 4)
Answer Key Marks
3d ⇒ Radial node=0, Angular node=2 1
4f ⇒ Radial node=0, Angular node=3 1

2. How many orbitals are possible for n=4? (May-22) (Gem Guide Q.No -27)
Answer Key Marks
Possible orbitals-16 2

3. State and explain Pauli’s exclusion principle. (Mar-19, Mar-23) (Gem Guide Q.No – 31)
Answer Key Marks
No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of values of all four 3
quantum numbers
4. Define orbital. What are the n and l values for 3px and 4dx2 –y2 electrons?
(June-19, June-23, Mar-24) (Gem Guide Q.No– 32)
Answer Key Mark
Correct definition 1
3px ⇒ n=3, l=1 1
4dx2-y2 ⇒n=4,l=2 1
5. Give the electronic configuration of Mn and Cr3+ (Aug-22) (Gem Guide Q.No: 39)
2+

Answer Key Mark

Mn2+ - 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s0 1
Cr3+- 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s0 1
6. Describe the Aufbau principle. (Sep-21) (Gem Guide Q.No: 40)
Answer Key Marks
Correct Explanation 2
Figure Only 1
7. State Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle. (Sep-20, Aug-22, Mar-23)
(Gem Guide Q.No: 52)
Answer Key Marks
Correct Definition (or) 3
∆x. ∆p ≥ h/4π 2
∆x – uncertainity in determining the position ½
∆p – uncertainity in determining the momentum ½
8. Define exchange energy. (Sep-21) (Gem Guide Q.No: 57)
Answer Key Marks
Correct Explanation 2
9. Calculate the orbital angular momentum for d and f orbital.(June-19)
(Gem Guide Q.No: 59)
Answer Key Marks
6h
Angular momentum of electron in d = 1
2π
12h
Angular momentum of electron in f = 1
2π
10. In degenerate orbitals, why do the completely filled and half filled configuration are
more stable than the partially filled configuration? (Sep-20) (Gem Guide Q.No: 60)
Answer Key Marks
Correct Explanation 2

11. Calculate the maximum number of electron that can be accommodated in L shell.
(May-22) (Gem Guide Q.No: 61)
Answer Key Mark
The maximum number of electrons = 2n2 1
The maximum number of electrons = 8 1

12. Write the electronic configuration and orbital diagram for nitrogen.(May-22)
(Gem Guide Q.No: 62)
Answer Key Marks
Electronic configuration for nitrogen = 1s2 2s2 2p3 1
Orbital diagram for nitrogen
2

1s2 2s2 2p1x 2p1y 2p1z

13. Derive the de-Brogile equation. (Mar-19) (Gem Guide Q.No: 66)
Answer Key Marks
E = hv ½
E = mc 2
½
hv = mc 2 ½
c
ν= ½
λ
h
λ= 1
mv
14. Write a short note on Quantum numbers.
(Sep-21, Mar-23, Jun-23) (Gem Guide Q.No: 68)
Answer Key Marks
Principal Quantum Number – Explanation 2
Azimuthal Quantum Number – Explanation 1
Magnetic Quantum Number – Explanation 1
Spin Quantum Number – Explanation 1
(or) Heading only 1
 3. PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS
1. State: Modern Periodic law. (Mar-23) (Gem Guide Q. No –24)
Key Answer Mark
Correct statement 2
2. Define: Electro negativity. (Sep-21, Mar-24) (Gem Guide Q. No – 29)
Key Answer Mark
Correct definition 2
3. How would you explain the fact that the second ionization potential is always higher
than first ionization potential? (June-23) (Gem Guide Q. No – 30)
Key Answer Mark
Correct explanation 3
4. Give the general electronic configuration of lanthanides and actinides? (June-19, Mar24)
(Gem Guide Q. No – 36)
Key Answer Mark
1-14
Lanthanides: 4f 5d 6s 0-1 2 0-14
Actinides: 5f 6d 7s0-2 2 2
5. Explain the diagonal relationship. (Mar-19, Sep-21, Mar-23) (Gem Guide Q. No – 41)
Key Answer Mark
Correct definition 2
Suitable example (any one pair) 1
6. Explain the periodic trend of ionization potential. (Mar-24) (Gem Guide Q. No – 40)
Key Answer Mark
IE decreases down a group (or top to bottom) 1½
IE increases along a period (or left to right) 1½
7. Explain the Pauling Method for the determination of ionic radius (Sep-20, May-22)
(Gem Guide Q. No – 39)
Key Answer Mark
d = r + +r - … (1) 1
C A
rC+ = radius of the cation
rA- = radius of the anion
1 1
rC+ α … (2)
(Zeff )C+
1 1
rA- α … (3)
(Zeff )A-
Zeff = effective nuclear charge (Zeff = Z – S) ½
(2) r + (Zeff )A- 1
⇒ C = … (4) ½
(3) rA- (Zeff )C+
Using equation (1) and (4), rC+ and rA- can be determined.
8. Explain the following, give appropriate reasons. (June -19) (Gem Guide Q. No – 44)
i) Ionisation potential of N is greater than that of O.
Key Answer Mark
2 2 3
N = 1s 2s 2p O = 1s22s22p4 1
Correct Explanation 1
ii) Electron affinity of Be and N have zero. Give reason (Sep-20)
Answer Key Marks
2 2
Be = 1s 2s N = 1s2 2s2 2p3 1
Correct Explanation 1
9. State the trends in the variation of electro negativity in group and periods.
(Sep-21, Aug-22) (Gem Guide Q. No – 47)
Key Answer Marks
The electro negativity increases across a period from left to right 1
The electro negativity decreases down a group 1
10. State: Law of triads (or) State and explain Dobereiner’s “Triad”.
(Mar 19) (Gem Guide Q. No – 48)
Key Answer Mark
Correct definition 2
Example 1
11. Define – atomic radius (Sep-21) (Gem Guide Q. No – 52)
Key Answer Mark
Correct definition 2
12. Define Metallic radius (Sep-21) (Gem Guide Q. No – 54)
Answer Key Mark
Correct definition 2
13. Define: Ionic radius (Sep-21) (Gem Guide Q. No – 57)
Key Answer Mark
Correct definition 3
14. Define: Electron Gain enthalpy/Electron affinity. (Mar-22) (Gem Guide Q. No – 59)
Key Answer Mark
Correct definition 3
15. Compare the ionisation energy of Beryllium and Boron? (Sep-22)
(Gem Guide Q. No – 64)
Key Answer Mark
Be = 1s2 2s2 B = 1s2 2s2 2p1 1
ionisation energy of Beryllium is greater than Boron 1
Reason : Fully filled 2S orbital in Beryllium 1
16. What are inner transition elements? (or) What are f-block elements? (Aug-22)
(Gem Guide Q. No – 62)
Key Answer Mark
Correct explanation 2
1. Lanthanide 2. Actinide 1
17. Define valency. How is it determined? (Mar-19) (Gem Guide Q. No – 63)
Key Answer Mark
It is equal to the total number of electrons in the valence shell 2
18. Calculate the effective nuclear charge on 4s electron and 3d electron in Scandium.
(Jul -23) (Gem Guide Q. No – 65)
Key Answer Mark
Calculation of effective nuclear charge on 4s electron 1
Z eff = Z – S = 21-18=3
Calculation of effective nuclear charge on 3d electron 1
Z eff = Z – S = 21-18=3
 4. HYDROGEN
1. Discuss the three types of covalent hydrides. (or) What are covalent hydrides? (May-22)
(Gem Guide Q. No – 23)
Answer key Mark
(i) Electron precise – CH4
(ii) Electron-deficient – B2H6 2
(iii) Electron-rich hydrides – NH3
2. What is water-gas shift reaction? (June-23) (Gem Guide Q. No – 30)
Answer key Mark
CO + H 2O  o → CO2 + H 2
Fe / Cu
400
2
3. What are isotopes? Write the names of isotopes of hydrogen. (Mar-23)
(Gem Guide Q. No – 32)
Answer key Mark
Correct definition 1½
Protium – 1H1, Deuterium – 1H2, Tritium – 1H3 ½+½+½
4. Give the uses of heavy water. (June-23) (Gem Guide Q. No – 33)
Answer key Mark
Any three uses 3
5. Explain the exchange reactions of deuterium. (Sep-20) (Gem Guide Q. No – 34)
Answer key Mark
Any one correct equation 2
6. How do you convert para hydrogen into ortho hydrogen? (Mar-23)
(Gem Guide Q. No – 35)
Answer key Mark
Any three methods 3
7. Mention the uses of deuterium. (Sep-20) (Gem Guide Q. No – 36)
Answer key Mark
Any three Uses 3
8. Complete the following reactions. (i) Na2O2 + − − −− → Na2 SO4 + H 2O2 (Mar-19)
(Gem Guide Q. No – 45)
Answer key Mark
Na 2 O 2 +H 2SO 4 
→ Na 2SO 4 +H 2 O 2 2
9. Write the laboratory method of preparation of hydrogen (Sep-20)
(Gem Guide Q. No – 47)
Answer key Mark
Zn + 2 HC1 → ZnC12 +H2 ↑ 2
10. Why H2O2 is stored in plastic bottles? Give reason. (or) Why hydrogen peroxide is
stored in plastic containers, not in glass container? (JUNE-19) (Gem Guide Q. No – 59)
Answer key Mark
It dissolves alkali metals in glass 3
11. How is tritium prepared? (Mar-19, June-23) (Gem Guide Q. No – 60)
Answer key Mark
3 Li + 0 n → 2 He +1 T
6 1 4 3 2
12. What are syngas? How is prepared? (June -19) (Gem Guide Q. No – 61)
Answer Key Mark
C + H 2O 
o
1000
→ CO + H 2 2
1424 3
water gas / syngas

13. Give an example for ionic hydride and covalent hydride.

(June-22) (Gem Guide Q. No – 62)
Answer key Mark
Any one example for ionic hydride 1
Any one example for covalent hydride 1
14. What are Metallic hydrides (or) interstitial hydrides? Give the Example. (Mar-24)
(Gem Guide Q. No – 65)
Answer key Mark
Correct definition 2
Any one example 1
15. Give the uses of hydrogen (Mar-24) (Gem Guide Q. No – 66)
Answer key Mark
Any three uses 3
 5. ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS
1. Discuss briefly the similarities between beryllium and aluminium.
(June-19, Sep-21, June-23, Mar-24) (Gem Guide Q. No –30)
Answer Key Marks
Any five similarities 5
2. Mention the uses of plaster of Paris (Mar-23) (Gem Guide Q. No –33)
Answer Key Marks
Any two uses 2
3. Write balanced chemical equation for the following processes
Heating calcium carbonate (Mar-24) (Gem Guide Q. No –36)
Answer Key Marks
∆
CaCO 3  → CaO + CO2 2
4. Discuss briefly the similarities between beryllium and aluminium.
(Jun-19, Sep-21, Jun-23, Mar-24) (Gem Guide Q. No –38)
Answer Key Marks
Any five similarities 5
5.Among the alkaline earth metals BeO and MgO is insoluble in water but other oxides
are soluble. Why? (Mar-2019) (Gem Guide Q. No –44)
Answer Key Marks
BeO is covalent due to the small size of Be2+ ion, 1
while other oxides are ionic in nature. 1
6. Why blue colour appears during the dissolution of alkali metals in liquid ammonia?
(June-19) (Gem Guide Q. No –57)
Answer Key Marks
The blue colour of the solution is due to the ammoniated
electron which absorbs energy in the visible region of light 2
and thus imparts blue colour to the solution.
7. Among the alkali metal halides, which is covalent? Explain with reason.
(June-19)(Gem Guide Q. No –56)
Answer Key Marks
Lithium halides shows covalent character, as it is the smallest
cation that exerts high polarising power on the halides. 2
8. Explain why Ca(OH)2 is used in white washing. (Mar-2019) (Gem Guide Q. No –59)
Answer Key Marks
due to its disinfectant nature 3
9. How is Bleaching powder prepared? (sep-20) (Gem Guide Q. No –60)
Answer Key Marks
Milk of lime reacts with chlorine gives bleaching powder.
Ca (OH ) 2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H 2O 2
10. Discuss distinctive behavior of beryllium (or) Mention any two anomalous
properties of second period elements. (or) What are the reasons for anomalous
properties of Beryllium? (May-22) (Gem Guide Q. No –61)
Answer Key Marks
Any two reasons for anomalous behaviors of beryllium 2x1=2
11. What are the uses of magnesium? (Sep-20) (Gem Guide Q. No –63)
Answer Key Marks
Any three uses 3
12. Mention the uses of calcium (Mar-23) (Gem Guide Q. No –64)
Answer Key Marks
Any three uses 2
13. Write the chemical name of baking soda. Give the uses sodium bicarbonate
(June-23) (Gem Guide Q. No –70)
Answer Key Marks
Chemical Name: Sodium bi carbonate 1
Any two uses 2
14. Compare the properties of Beryllium with other elements of group 2. (or) Give the
properties of Beryllium that are different from other elements of the group.
(May-22)(Gem Guide Q. No –71)
Answer Key Marks
Any three properties of Beryllium that are different from other 3
elements
15. Discuss the similarities between lithium and magnesium.
(June-22) (Gem Guide Q. No –73)
Answer Key Marks
Any five similarities 5

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