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23 views4 pages

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Uploaded by

Mozammel Shaikut
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Course code : EEE234

Course Title : Energy Conversion Lab

Experiment No. : 07
Experiment Title : Star and Delta operation of Induction Motor.

Submitted To
Mr. Md. Manzurul Hasan (Lecturer, Department of EEE )

Submitted By

Name : Mozammel Hossain


ID : 2023000510005
Batch : 16(evening); Summer 2024
Section: 1

Date of performance : 25-09-2024


Date of Submission : 26-10-2024
Objective

a) To examine the characteristics of a three-phase induction motor during both star and delta
operations.

b) To identify the differences between the two operating modes of the induction motor.

Theory

The induction motor operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where
applying an AC voltage to the stator windings creates a rotating magnetic field. This field
induces a current in the rotor, generating torque and causing the rotor to rotate. The motor's
speed is determined by the AC supply frequency and the number of poles in the stator. The
mathematical relation for the synchronous speed 𝑁𝑠 of an induction motor is:

120𝑓
𝑁𝑠 = 𝑝

where 𝑓 is the supply frequency, and 𝑝 is the number of poles.

In induction motors, star-delta starters are frequently used to reduce the starting current. A star-
delta starter operates by connecting the motor windings in a star (Y) configuration during startup,
reducing the initial current, then switching to a delta (Δ) configuration when the motor reaches
approximately 80-90% of its rated speed.

Star and Delta Configurations

1. Star Configuration (Y): The star configuration divides the line voltage across each
winding by √3, reducing the initial current to one-third of the value that would be
experienced in a delta connection. This also reduces the starting torque. In a three-phase
motor with line voltage 𝑉, the phase voltage 𝑉𝑝 in star connection is:
𝑉
𝑉𝑝 =
√3

Consequently, the starting current is minimized, which helps protect the electrical supply
system and reduces mechanical stress.

2. Delta Configuration (Δ): After the motor reaches a sufficient speed (typically 80-90% of
rated speed), a time-delay relay or timer switches the winding configuration to delta,
allowing the motor to run at full line voltage and deliver full torque. In delta
configuration, the motor receives the full line voltage across each phase, maximizing both
current and torque.

Apparatus:

1. Two AC voltmeters (0-600V)


2. Two AC ammeters (0-10A)
3. One Three Phase Induction Motor

Experiment setup

Procedure:
Step1:
We connect the three-phase motor in the star (Y) configuration according to the diagram in Fig.
1.
a) Terminals U5, V5, and W5 should be shorted together.

We connect the connections to the delta (Δ) configuration as shown in Fig. 2.


a) Connect U1 to V5, V1 to W5, and W1 to U5. This forms a closed loop where the
windings are connected directly across the supply lines.
Step 2: We Supply the line voltage to L1, L2, and L3.

Step 3: We Insert the ammeter (A) in one phase (line wire) to measure the line current and the
voltmeter (V) between two lines to measure the line voltage.

Step4 :We Apply the 24V AC supply to the system.

Step 4: Finaly, we measure and record the following:


Line voltage (𝑉𝑙)
Line current (𝐼𝑙)

Data Table: For star connection

𝑽𝑳 (𝑽) 𝑽𝑷 (𝑽) 𝑰𝑳 (𝑨) 𝑰𝑷 (𝑨) Speed,𝑵, (𝒓𝒑𝒎)


29.4 17.2 1.79 1.79 2540

Data Table: For delta connection

𝑽𝑳 (𝑽) 𝑽𝑷 (𝑽) 𝑰𝑳 (𝑨) 𝑰𝑷 (𝑨) Speed,𝑵, (𝒓𝒑𝒎)


29.4 29.4 2.6 1.5 2880

Discussion:
In this experiment, the characteristics of a three-phase induction motor during both star and delta
operations were analyzed. The motor was first connected in a star configuration to reduce the
starting current and minimize mechanical stress. In this configuration, the phase voltage was
reduced by a factor of √3, resulting in a lower current and torque, as observed in the data. The
motor exhibited a speed of 2540 rpm, with a line voltage of 29.4V and line current of 1.79A.
This confirms the benefit of the star connection for reducing starting current.

Next, the motor was connected in the delta configuration, where the windings received the full
line voltage. This configuration allowed the motor to operate at a higher current and torque,
which led to an increased speed of 2880 rpm, as shown in the data. The line current also
increased to 2.6A. The delta configuration is essential for running the motor at full load and
achieving maximum performance.

The experiment demonstrated that the star configuration is useful for reducing starting current,
while the delta configuration is critical for achieving full operational capacity. The transition
between the two ensures both efficient startup and optimal running performance for the motor.

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