Chapter 1

Introduction
This chapter presents the background where the basic definition and need of home
automation systems will be discussed. Also, the motivation, objectives and the scope of our
project will be stated.

1.1 Background

Today, technology has become an integrated part of people's lives. It has, and continues to
influence many aspects of daily life and has allowed better social interaction, ease of
transportation, the ability to indulge in entertainment and media and has helped in the development
in medicine. The creation of many devices such as mobile phones and computers have caused
many people to rely on technology to communicate with their friends, store information such as
pictures, movies, documents, and music. The internet has become a common interface that many
devices use in order to simplify the daily life of many people. The Internet has given people the
ability to search for information, store their own information in the cloud while also giving them
better ways of managing information. From the time of its introduction, the amount of people that
use mobile phones and the internet to communicate with other people has increased dramatically
to become one of the major means of communication. Smartphones have allowed people to
connect to the internet without the need for a computer, while still offering the same functionality
but through different means. With the introduction of better hardware and better software,
smartphones have become powerful devices and have become an important part of people’s daily
livesDevices within the home automation system connect and communicate with each over a local
wired or wireless network.

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1.2 Objectives
1.2.1 Main Objective

The main objective of the project is to design a smart home environment using latest
available technologies.

1.2.2 Specific Objectives

i) Analyze the existing available home automation systems
ii) Study various technologies by which appliances can be controlled
iii) Design a flexible home automation system
iv) Test the system, locate errors and find solution
v) Build a structure to support the design

1.3 Scope of project

The project will revolve around controlling the various home appliances remotely. The
system will provide various means for controlling the devices. Also, it will be used in security
domain by providing door access facility using facial recognition. The project will rely on WI-FI
communication because of their widespread use in the current scenario.

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2.1 Key Terms

2.1.1 Home automation

A home automation system means to grant the end users to manage and handle the electric
appliances. It is the automation of the home, housework or household activity.

2.2.2 Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is the name of a popular wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide
wireless high-speed Internet and network connections. A common misconception is that the term
Wi-Fi is short for "wireless fidelity," however this is not the case. Wi-Fi is simply a trademarked
phrase that means IEEE 802.11x.

2.2.3 Microcontroller
A microcontroller (MCU for microcontroller unit, or UC for μ-controller) is a small computer on
a single integrated circuit. In modern terminology, it is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a
system on a chip (SoC); an SoC may include a microcontroller as one of its components. A
microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and
programmable input/output peripherals.

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 PROJECT DESIGN

This chapter presents the details about hardware design, software design, block diagrams,
programming codes which will guide the actual implementation of the system.

3.1 Hardware components of the system

3.1.1 ESP8266 NodeMCU CP2102 Board
The ESP8266 NodeMCU CP2102 board has ESP8266 which is a highly integrated chip designed
for the needs of a new connected world. It offers a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi networking
solution, allowing it to either host the application or to offload all Wi-Fi networking functions
from another application processor.
Features:

i) SDIO 2.0, SPI, UART serial protocols

ii) Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP (other modes: station mode, AP)
iii) Built-in low-power 32-bit CPU: can double as an application processor
iv) Supports deep sleep modes

Fig 3.1- NodeMCU Pin Diagram

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3.1.2 12 Volts Relay Module

Fig 3.2- 4 Channel Relay Module

This 4 Road/Channel Relay Module (with light coupling) 12V module meet the safety
standard as control areas and load area have the isolation groove. Optical coupling isolation
module. The triggering of 4 Road/Channel Relay Module is reliable, more stable. The double FR–
4 circuit board design, high-end SMT process. It has power and relay operation instructions.
Relays terminals (C, NC, NO) are accessible through screw terminals which makes wiring up the
board very easy. The inputs of 4 Channel 12V Relay Module are isolated to protect any delicate
control circuitry. A wide range of microcontrollers such as Arduino, AVR, PIC, ARM
and so on can control it.

Features:

i) Equipped with high-current relay 10A@250VAC / 10A@30VDC

ii) It can control both AC and DC appliances such as Solenoids, Motors, lights, fans, etc.

iii) High-quality screw terminals (Terminal Block) provided (C, NC, NO) for quick and easy
connection

iv) Freewheeling diode to protect your microcontroller

v) Input Signal Pin connected to Burg stick for easy accessibility

vi) LED Status indicators to indicate the relay ON/OFF status

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3.2 Software components of the system
3.2.1 BLYNK

Blynk is designed for the Internet of Things. It can control hardware remotely, it can
display sensor data, it can store data, visualize it and do many other things.
There are three major components in the platform:
i) Blynk App - allows to you create amazing interfaces for your projects using various
widgets we provide.
ii) Blynk Server - responsible for all the communications between the smartphone and
hardware. You can use our Blynk Cloud or run your private Blynk server locally. It’s open-
source, could easily handle thousands of devices and can even be launched on a Raspberry
Pi.
iii) Blynk Libraries - for all the popular hardware platforms - enable communication with the
server and process all the incoming and outcoming commands.

Features:
i) Similar API & UI for all supported hardware & devices
ii) Connection to the cloud using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, USB, GSM etc.
iii) Set of easy-to-use Widgets
iv) Direct pin manipulation with no code writing

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3.3 Block Diagram

3.3.1 BLYNK Interface + Google Assistant

Fig 3.4

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Topic- Smart wifi wireless switch with controlled
colour R-G-B LED Strip for home automation.

Group members:-

1. Ajay Chauhan (1412010)

2. Harshal Bhole (1412019)

Mentor- Prof. Lekha Das.

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3.4 Connection Diagram

3.4.1 BLYNK Interface + Google Assistant Interface

NodeMCU TO RELAY
CONNECTIONS

D3

IN1

D4

IN1

D5

IN1
Fig 3.6
D6

IN1

GND GND
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3.5 Programming Code

3.5.1 BLYNK Interface + Google Assistant Interface

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>

char auth[] = "YourAuthToken";

char ssid[] = "YourNetworkName";

char pass[] = "YourPassword";

void setup()

Serial.begin(9600);

Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);

void loop()

Blynk.run();

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4.1 BLYNK Implementation

Fig4.1-OFF State Fig 4.2- ON State

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4.2 Google Voice Assistant Implementation

Fig 4.3- Turn ON Command Fig 4.4- Turn OFF Command

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 Chapter 5

Future Prospects

i) Telegram Bot Integration

ii) Door Access using Facial Recognition

References

i) David N. et al., “Design of Home Automation”, International Journal of Scientific &

Engineering Research, Volume 6, Issue 6, 2015, ISSN 2229-5518 [1]

ii) Pandya B. et al., “Android based Home Automation System using Bluetooth & Voice
Command” in International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 03 Issue: 03, 2016, ISSN: 2395-0072 [2]

iii) Prathamesh Timse et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN:
2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 4(Version 6), April 2014, pp.52-57 [3]

iv) https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/knocki/knocki-make-any-surface-smart

v) https://lifehacker.com/the-beginners-guide-to-ifttt-1819624556

vi) https://help.ifttt.com/hc/en-us/articles/115010230347-The-Webhooks-Service

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