Materials and their structures 7
Materials and their structures 7
Cycles of Earth
Grade 7
Structure of the
Atom
"If opposite charges attract,
how does this force help atoms
stay together to form
molecules?"
Electrostatic
attraction
There is an attraction between the positive and
negative charges. This electrostatic attraction
between the positive charge on the protons
and the negative charge on the electrons is
what holds individual atoms together.
James Chadwick
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WEPMwhNsLbU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LM89tj8rv8
What happened to the particles when they hit the
gold foil?
4 Cs of Diamonds:
• Carat: Weight of the diamond.
• Cut: How well the diamond is
shaped, which affects its sparkle.
• Clarity: Measures the purity of the
diamond, checking for internal flaws
or inclusions.
• Color: Pure diamonds are
colorless, but slight tints of yellow or
brown can occur due to impurities.
Weather and
Climate
What is the difference
between weather and
climate??
Climate is the average weather
conditions of a place observed over
a long period, usually 30 years or
more.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYsAm4n7M_I&t=22s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4EZCy14te0
Glacial Periods
Over time, layers of peat form, with the deepest layers being the oldest.
The scientist used a tool called an auger to carefully take out a sample of soil,
keeping the layers in the right order.
The scientist found pollen in the soil and figured out which plants it came from.
By knowing what climates those plants liked, the scientist discovered what the
weather was like over thousands of years.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/vP4nnrIq2e0
Formation of the
Atmosphere
Formation of Early
Earth:
•The Earth formed about
4.6 billion years ago from
a cloud of gas and dust.
Absorption of CO₂:
•Carbon dioxide dissolved
into the oceans.
•Some of it combined with
minerals to form carbonate
rocks.
Emergence of Life:
•Microorganisms like cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) appeared in the
oceans.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sturoUChNo4
Thank you