Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Computing Probability
Corresponding to a Given
Random Variable
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 5: Computing Probability Corresponding to a Given Random
Variable
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Melba S. Remojo

Editors: Jerome A. Chavez, Celestina M. Alba and Nestor N. Sandoval
Reviewers: Irlo L. Dumo, Nenita N. De Leon and Ma. Theresa B. Yanto
Illustrator: Kelvin A. Ramintas and Dhojie N. Yanto
Layout Artist: Ronnjemmele A. Rivera
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral
Job S. Zape Jr.
Eugenio S. Adrao
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Catherine P. Talavera
Gerlie M. Ilagan
Chester Buddy M. Repia
Herbert D. Perez
Lorena S. Walangsumbat
Jee-Ann O. Borines
Celestina M. Alba
Asuncion C. Ilao

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON

Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro

Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 Statistics and
Probabilities
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Computing Probability
Corresponding to a Given
Random Variable
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Computing Probability Corresponding to a Given
Random Variable!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Computing Probability Corresponding to a Given
Random Variable!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create,
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies
in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or

Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as
a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener,
an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or blank
Learned sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

iii
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real-life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also tends
to the retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind to help you on
computing probabilities corresponding to a given random variable. The
probability of certain events occurring or not can be important to be applied in
real-life problems. You can use probability to make judgments when you are
unsure what the outcome will be.

This module will also help you to improve your computation skills. You can apply
this not only in experiments like tossing a coin, playing cards, and throwing a die
but also in different situations like in business or financial matters wherein a
statistical process is required. This will also help you in decision making
regarding future financial situations and on business decision practices.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. illustrate a probability distribution for a discrete random variable; and
2. computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.

1
 What I Know

Let us see how far you will go and how much you know about this pretest.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. The given table represents a probability distribution. What is P( 2) +

P(3)?
X 1 2 3 4
P(X) 1 1 1 1
3 6 6 3

1 1 1 2
A. B. C. D.
6 3 2 3

Refer to the given table in answering numbers 2-3.

In the experiment of tossing a coin twice, the following table shows the
probability distribution. What is P (X≤ 2¿ ?

X 0 1 2
P(X) 1 1 1
4 2 4

2. What is P (X≤ 2¿ ?
3 1 1
A. 1 B. C. D.
4 2 4
3. What is P(X≥1)?
3 1 1
A.1 B. C. D.
4 2 4

Refer to the given table in answering numbers 4-5.

Number of Tails 0 1 2 3
(X)
P(X) 0.125 0.375 0.375 0.125

4. Find P (X≥ 1)
A. 0.125 B. 0.5 C. 0.625 D. 0.875

2
 5. Find P (X≤ 1)

A. 0.125 B. 0.5 C. 0.625 D. 0.875

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 6-8.

6. The random variable Y representing the number of nuts in a

chocolate bar has the following probability distribution. Find P
(odd)

Y 0 1 2 3 4
P(Y) 1 3 3 2 1
10 10 10 10 10

3 2 1 4
A. B. C. D.
10 5 2 5

7. Find P (1≤ Y ≤ 4)
9 4 1 3
A. B. C. D.
10 5 2 10

8. Find P (Y¿ 1 ¿
1 3 7 9
A. B. C. D.
5 5 10 10

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 9-10.

Two jars both contain the numbers 2, 4, 6, and 8. The following table
shows the probability distribution of the sum when one number from
each jar is taken at a time with replacement.

X 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

P(X) 1 1 3 1 3 1 1
16 8 16 4 16 8 16

9. Find P(4) + P(6)

9 7 5 3
A. B. C. D.
16 16 16 16

3
 10. Find the probability that X assumes a value greater than 10.
3 7 9 5
A. B. C. D.
8 16 16 8

11. Find the probability that X assumes a value between 6 and 14.
3 7 9 5
A. B. C. D.
8 16 16 8

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 12-13.

The given table shows the probability distribution of a random variable Z

which represents the percentage of male students per section among
Grade 11 senior high school students.

Z 8 9 11 14 15 18

P(Z 8% 8% 25% 17% 25% 17%

)

12. Find P(Z≥11)

A. 84% B.59% C. 51% D.43 %

13. Find P(8¿Z¿18)

A. 43% B.59% C. 75% D.83 %

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 14-15.

The daily demand for copies of a magazine at a variety store has the
probability distribution as follows.

Number of Copies Probability

X P(X)
0 0.10
1 0.25
2 0.30
3 0.16
4 0.05
5 0.14

4
 14. What is the probability that two or more copies will be demanded
on a particular day?
A. 0.30 B. 0.35 C. 0.65 D. 0.75

15. What is the probability that the demand will be at least one but
not more than four?
A.0.76 B. 0.71 C.0.51 D. 0.35

Lesso
n
Computing Probability
Corresponding to a Given
1 Random Variable

You have learned that the likelihood of winning in a lotto draw, number of
winnings in a gamble, number of heads that come out in a toss of a coin,
and other game of chance can be estimated using probability. But do you
know that it is not only for the game of chance? We also use this in
business, economics, engineering, and other real-life situations. A data
needs to determine the probabilities to make decisions and draw a
conclusion. Most of the time, you won't perform actual
probability problems, but you'll use probability to make a judgment and
determine the best course of action.

What’s In

In your previous lesson, you have learned how to illustrate a probability

distribution of a discrete random variable. To understand this lesson, your
knowledge of getting the probability of an event is very important as you
have learned from your previous lesson in Mathematics. To find out if you
are ready to learn in this new lesson, determine the probability of the
following.
Find the probability of the following events.

Event (E) Probability P (E)

5
 a. Getting an odd number in a single roll of a
die
b. Getting an ace when a card is drawn from a
deck
c. Getting a number greater than 2 in a single
roll of a die
d. Getting a red queen when a card is drawn
from a deck
e. Getting doubles when two dice are rolled
f. Getting a sum of 5 or a sum of 9 when two
dice are rolled

The probability for each event will be:

a. The event of getting an odd number has three outcomes: 1, 3, or 5.

Since there are 6 faces in a die, then the probability of getting an
3 1
odd number is or .
6 2

b. The event of getting an ace when a card is drawn from a deck is 4.

Since there are 52 faces in a deck of cards, then the probability of
4 1
getting an ace is or .
52 13

c. The event of getting a number greater than 2 in a single roll of a die

has four outcomes: 3, 4, 5, and 6. Since there are 6 faces in a die,
4 2
then the probability of getting a number greater than 2 is or .
6 3

d. The event of getting a red queen when a card is drawn from a deck
is 2. Since there are 52 faces in a deck of cards, then the probability
2 1
of getting a red queen is or .
52 26

e. The event of getting doubles when two dice are rolled has 6
outcomes: {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)}.Since there are 36
outcomes in rolling two dice, then the probability of getting doubles
6 1
is or .
36 6

f. The event of getting a sum of 5 when two dice are rolled has 4
outcomes:

6
 4
{(1,4), (4,1),(2,3),(3,2)}.Hence, the probability is .The event of
36
getting a sum of 9 when two dice are rolled has 4 outcomes: {(4,5),
4
(5,4),(3,6),(6,3)}. Hence, the probability is .
36

The probability of getting a sum of 5 or a sum of 9 when two dice are

number of pairs with sums of 5
rolled is P(sum of 5 or sum of 9) = +
total number of outcomes
number of pairs with sums of 9
total number of outcomes

4 4
= +
36 36

8 2
= or
36 9

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher must advise the learners about:

a. getting the number of possible outcomes in the
experiment;
b. values of the random variable;
c. the procedure in constructing probability distribution;
d. addition and subtraction of fractions and decimals; and
e. the meaning of the symbols like ¿ ,> ,≤∧≥

What’s New

7
Golden’s bakery is known for its famous Filipino delicacies. Among these foods
which is a native delicious food called “kakanin” is a “leche puto”. The bakeshop
owner recorded the number of boxes of “leche puto” that were delivered each
day. The number of boxes delivered for 10 days is shown below.

Number of
Day
Boxes(X)
1 35
2 37
3 50
4 45
5 37
6 45
7 40
8 42
9 45
a. What is the probability that 40 or more boxes
will be delivered on a particular day? 10 42

b. What is the probability that the number of boxes delivered will be at least
37 but not more than 50?

c. What is the probability that at most 40 boxes will be delivered on a

particular day?

d. Find P (X≤ 45)

e. Find P (40) + P (50)

What is It

In the previous module, you have learned how to illustrate a probability

distribution for a discrete random variable and its properties. Some experiments
like tossing a coin, throwing a die, and other activities consist of one or more
outcomes. If each of the outcomes is equally likely to occur, then the probability
is:

8
 number of outcomes∈the event
P (E)=
number of outcomes∈the sample space

To answer the given question, you have to construct first the probability
distribution. Let X the value of the random variable represented by the number
of boxes of “leche puto”. The probability distribution is shown below.

Number of Boxes X Probability P(X)

35 1
10
37 1
5
40 1
10
42 1
5
45 3
10
50 1
10

a. The probability that 40 or more boxes will be sold in a particular day

means
P (X≥ 40).
This means that you have to add P(X=40), P(X=42), P (X= 45), and (X=
50).
P (X≥ 40) = P(40) + P(42) + P(45) + P(50)
then, substitute its corresponding probability
1 1 3 1
= + + +
10 5 10 10
1 2 3 1
= + + +
10 10 10 10
7
= or 0.7
10

b. The probability that the number of boxes delivered will be at least

37 but not more than 50 means P (37≤ X¿ 50).
Hence, the values included are P(37), P(40), P42) and P(45), then
substitute its corresponding probability

9
 P (37≤ X¿ 50) = P(37) + P(40) +P(42) + P(45),
1 1 1 3
= 5 + 10 + 5 + 10
2 1 2 3
= 10 + 10 + 10 + 10
8
= 10
4
= 5 or 0.8

c. The probability that at most 40 boxes will be delivered in a

particular day means P (X≤ 40) so the values of X are P(40), P(37)
and P(35)
P (X≤ 40) = P(40) + P(37) + P(35)
1 1 1
=
10
+ 5
+ 10
1 2 1
= 10 + 10 + 10
4
= 10
2
= 5 or 0.40

d. Find P (X≤ 45) = P(45) + P(42) + P(40) + P(37) +P(35)

3 1 1 1 1
= + + + +
10 5 10 5 10

3 2 1 2 1
= + + + +
10 10 10 10 10

9
= or 0.90
10

Other solution:

P (X≤ 45) = 1-P(50)

1
= 1-
10

9
= 10

10
 1 1
e. Find P (40) + P (50) =
10
+ 10

2
=
10

1
= or 0.10
5

What’s More

Independent Activity I

Number of Cell Phones

The number of cell phones sold per day at Gadgets Zone has the following
probability distribution.

Number of Cell Probability P(X)

Phones Sold X
0 0.15
1 0.10
2 0.25
3 0.30
4 0.20

Find:
1.P(X≥ 2¿

2.P(x≤ 3 ¿

3. P(1≤ X ≤ 4 ¿

4.P(2) + P(4)

11
Independent Activity II
Number of Absences

The monthly absences of a student based on his class adviser’s record are
presented in the probability distribution below.

X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X 1 3 3 1 1
) 10 10 10 10 5

a. What is the probability that the number of absences is less than 3?

b. What is the probability that the number of absences is at least 2?
c. What is the probability that the number of absences is greater than 1 but
less than 4?

Independent Activity III

Bayanihan To Heal as One Act

In a certain barangay, the DSWD conducted a survey among the ages of senior
citizens who will receive cash assistance or the Social Amelioration Program
(SAP). This program is a cash emergency subsidy program for Filipino families
whose lives are greatly affected by the Enhance Community Quarantine (ECQ). It
is mandated by the new law, the “Bayanihan To Heal As One Act”, which was
signed by the President on March 25, 2020. The given data shows the probability
distribution among the ages of senior citizens.

Age X Probability P(X)

60 0.16
61 0.10
62 0.10
63 0.07
65 0.13
67 0.10
68 0.07
70 0.07
72 0.10
73 0.07
80 0.03

a. What is the probability that at least 65 years old senior citizen will
receive the SAP?
b. What is the probability that at most 70 years old senior citizen will
receive the SAP?
c. What is the probability that at least 60 years old but less than 70 years
old senior citizen will receive the SAP

12
 What I Have Learned

Answer the following statements.

1. Specify the formula on how to compute the probability of a discrete

random variable.
__________________________________________________________________
2. What important skills did you develop in getting the probability?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Cite examples of an experiments or activities wherein we can apply the
computation of probabilities of a random variable.
___________________________________________________________________
4. In your own words, define experiment, outcomes and probabilities.
You can cite your own example.
___________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

A pair of fair dice is rolled. Let X the random variable representing the sum of the
numbers that appear.

a. Construct the probability

distribution of X for a pair of dice.
b. Find P(X≥ 8)
c. Find P(X≤ 7)
d. Find the probability
that X takes an even value.
e.Find P(3 ≤ X≤ 10 )

Assessment

13
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The given table represents a probability distribution. What is P( 1) +
P(4)?

X 1 2 3 4
P(X) 1 1 1 1
3 6 6 3

1 1
A. C.
6 2
1 2
B. D.
3 3

Refer to the given table in answering numbers 2-3.

In the experiment of tossing a coin twice, the following table shows the
probability distribution. What is P (X≤ 2¿ ?

X 0 1 2
P(X) 1 1 1
4 2 4

2. What is P (X≤ 2¿ ?
1 3
A. C.
4 4
1
B. D.1
2

3. What is P(0) + P(2)?

1
A. 1 C.
2
3 1
B. D.
4 4

Refer to the given table in answering numbers 4-5.

Number of Tails 0 1 2 3
(X)
P(X) 0.125 0.375 0.375 0.125

4. Find P (X≤ 1)
A. 0.125 C. 0.625

14
 B. 0.5 D. 0.875

5. Find P (X≥ 1)
A. 0.125 C. 0.625
B. 0.5 D. 0.875

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 6-8.

6. The random variable Y representing the number of nuts in a

chocolate bar has the following probability distribution. Find P
(odd)
Y 0 1 2 3 4
P(Y) 1 3 3 2 1
10 10 10 10 10

3 1
A. C.
10 2
2 4
B. D.
5 5

7. Find P (0≤ Y ≤ 3 )
9 1
A. C.
10 2
4 3
B. D.
5 10

8. Find P (Y¿ 3 ¿
1 7
A. C.
5 10
3 9
B. D.
5 10

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 9-10.

Two jars both contain the numbers 2, 4, 6, and 8. The following table
shows the probability distribution of the sum when one number from
each jar is taken at a time with replacement.

X 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

15
 P(X) 1 1 3 1 3 1 1
16 8 16 4 16 8 16

9. Find P(6) + P(8)

9 5
A. C.
16 16
7 3
B. D.
16 16

10. Find the probability that X assumes a value greater than 12.
3 9
A. C.
8 16
3 5
B. D.
16 8

11. Find the probability that X assumes a value between 6 and 14.
3 9
A. C.
8 16
5 5
B. D.
16 8

Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 12-13.

The given table shows the probability distribution of a random variable Z

which represents the percentage of male students per section among
Grade 11 senior high school students.

Z 8 9 11 14 15 18

P(Z 8% 8% 25% 17% 25% 17%

)

12. Find P(Z≥9)

A. 92% C. 59%
B.84% D.43 %

13. Find P(8¿Z¿15)

A. 84% C. 59 %
B.73 % D.50 %

16
 Refer to the given problem in answering numbers 14-15.

The daily demand for copies of a magazine at a variety store has the
probability distribution as follows.

Number of Copies Probability

X P(X)
0 0.10
1 0.25
2 0.30
3 0.16
4 0.05
5 0.14

14. What is the probability that three or more copies will be

demanded on a particular day?
A. 0.30 C. 0.65
B. 0.35 D. 0.75

15. What is the probability that the demand will be at least one but
not more than five?
A.0.76 C.0.51
B. 0.71 D. 0.43

17
 Additional Activities

Analyze and solve the following problems:

1. Box A and B contain numbers 1,2 3, and 4. The following is the

probability distribution of the sum when one number from each box
is taken at a time with replacement.

X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(X) 1 1 3 1 3 1 1
16 8 16 4 16 8 16

a. Find P(even)
b. Find P (X≥ 5)
c. Find the probability that X assumes a value of less than 4.
d. Find the probability that X assumes a value greater than 6.
e. Find the probability that X assumes a value between 3 and 8.

2. The probabilities that a customer buys 5,6,7, 8, and 9 items in a

convenience store has the following probability distribution.

X 5 6 7 8 9
P(X) 0.25 0.12 0.28 0.15 0.20

a. Find P(X≤ 8)
b. Find P(5≤ X ¿ 8)
c. What is the probability that a customer will buy at least 6
items?
d. What is the probability that a customer will buy at most 7
items?

18
 Answer Key

Assessment What's More What I Know

1. D Activity I 1. B
2. D 1. 0.75 2. A
3. C 2. 0.80 3. B
4. B 3. 0.85 4. D
5. D 4. 0.45 5. B
6. C 6. C
7. A Activity II 7. A
8. C 7 8. B
9. C 1. 9. D
10
10.B 1 10.A
11.B 2. 11.D
2
12.A 12.A
13.D
1 13.C
3.
14.B 2 14.C
15.A 15.B
Activity III
1. 0.57
2. 0.80
3. 0.73

19
Additional What I Can Do
Activities a.
X P(X)
1
1. a. 2 1
2
36
5 3 2
b.
8 36
3 4 3
c. 36
16
5 4
3 36
d.
16 6 5
3 36
e.
4 7 6
36
2. a. 0.80
8 5
b. 0.65 36
9 4
36
10 3
36
11 2
36
12 1
36
5
b.
12
7
c.
12
1
d.
2

20
References

Belecina,Rene R., Baccay,Elisa S. and Mateo, Efren B. “Statistics And

Probability”. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI), 2016.

Malate, Jose S. “Statistics and Probability for Senior High School.” Vicarish
Publications and Trading, Inc, 2017.

21
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]