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Maths rec

Practice

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9 views

Maths rec

Practice

Uploaded by

jeevanjo2008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

To verify that the relation R in the set L of all lines in


a plane, defined by R = {(l, m) : l⊥ m} is symmetric but
neither reflexive nor transitive.

MATERIAL REQUIRED:
A small strips of colour paper of 8 different colours ,glue etc.
OBSERVATION

1. In Fig. 1, no line is perpendicular to itself, so the relationR = {( l, m) : l ⊥


m} is not reflexive (is/is not).
2. In Fig. 1, l1⊥l2. Is l2⊥ l1 ? yes (Yes/No)

∴ ( l1, l2) ∈ R ⇒ ( l2, l1) ϵ R(∉/∈) Similarly,


l3⊥ l1 . Is l1⊥ l3? Yes (Yes/No)
∴ ( l3, l1) ∈ R ⇒ ( l1, l3) ∊ R(∉/∈) Also,
l6⊥ l7. Is l7⊥ l6? Yes (Yes/No)
∴ ( l6, l7) ∈ R ⇒ ( l7, l6) ∊ _ R (∉/∈)
∴ The relation R is Symmetric (is/is not)
3. In Fig. 1, l2⊥ l1and l1⊥ l3.Is l2⊥ l3? NO (Yes/No)
i.e., (l2, l1) ∈ R and (l1 , l3) ∈ R ⇒ (l2, l3) ∄ R (∉/∈)
∴ The relation R IS NOT Transitive (is/is not).

2. To demonstrate a function which is not one-one but


is onto.

MATERIAL REQUIRED:Colour papers and glue.


OBSERVATION:
1. The image of the element 1 of X in Y is a
2. The image of the element 2 of X in Y is b
The image of the element 3 of X in Y is b.
So, Figure 3 represents a function from X→ 𝑌.
3. Every element in X has not a unique image in Y. So, the function
is not one-one(one-one/not one-one).
4. The pre-image of each element of Y in X exists (exists/does not
exist).So, the function is onto (onto/not onto).
3.To explore the principal value of the function sin–1 x
using a unitCircle.

MATERIAL REQUIRED:
A graph sheet,glue etc.,
OBSERVATION
1. sine function is non-negative in I and II quadrants.
2. For the quadrants 3rd and 4th, sine function is negative.
−𝜋 𝜋
3. θ = arc sin y ⇒ y = sin θ where
2
≤𝜃≤
2
4. The other domains of sine function on which it is one-one and onto
−𝜋 𝜋
provides[ , ]for arc sine function.
2 2

4. To find analytically the limit of a function f (x) at x =


c and also to check the continuity of the function at
that point.
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
Paper, pencil, calculator.
OBSERVATION
1. The value of f (x) is approaching to 8 as x→4 from the left.
2. The value of f (x) is approaching to 8 as x→4 from the right.
3. So, lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 8 and lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 8
𝑥→4− 𝑥→4+

4. Therefore,lim 𝑓(𝑥)=8 f (4) = 10.


𝑥→4

5. Is,lim 𝑓(𝑥) = f (4) = no ? (Yes/No)


𝑥→4

6. Since 𝑓(𝑐) ≠ lim 𝑓(𝑥), so, the function is not continous at x = 4 (continuous/not
𝑥→𝑐
continuous).
5. To understand the concepts of decreasing and
increasing functions.
MATERIAL REQUIRED:
Graph sheet and glue.

OBSERVATION
1. α1 = 120 > 90° α2 = 135> 90, α3 = 150 > 90, tanα1 = −√3 (negative) tan α2
1
=-1(negative), tan α3 =− . Thus the function is decreasing.
√3
1
2. β1 = 30 < 90°, β2 = 45 < 90, β3 = 60 < 90 tanβ1 = = . (positive),
√3
tan β2 = 1(positive), tan β3 =√3 (positive). Thus, the function is increasing
6.To understand the concepts of local maxima, local
minima and point of inflection.
MATERIAL REQUIRED
A graph sheet,thread and glue.
OBSERVATION
1. Sign of the slope of the tangent (first derivative) at a point on the curve to
the immediate left of A is negative.
2. Sign of the slope of the tangent (first derivative) at a point on the curve to
the immediate right of A is positive.
3. Sign of the first derivative at a point on the curve to immediate left of B
is negative.

4. Sign of the first derivative at a point on the curve to immediate right of B


is positive.
5. Sign of the first derivative at a point on the curve to immediate left of C
is positive.
6. Sign of the first derivative at a point on the curve to immediate right of C
is negative.
7. Sign of the first derivative at a point on the curve to immediate left of D
is positive.
8. Sign of the first derivative at a point on the curve to immediate right of D
is negative.
9. Sign of the first derivative at a point immediate left of P is positiveand
immediate right of P is positive.
10. A and B are points of local minima.
11. C and D are points of local maxima.
12. P is a point of inflection.
7.The concepts of absolute maximum and minimum
values of a function.
MATERIAL REQUIRED: A graph sheet,thread and glue.

OBSERVATION
1. The absolute maximum value of f (x) is 21at x = ±2.
2. Absolute minimum value of f (x) is -1.56 at x = 1.27.
8.To measure the shortest distance between two skew
lines and verify it analytically.
MATERIAL REQUIRED:Graph sheet and glue.

OBSERVATION
1. Coordinates of point P are (2,2,0).
2. Coordinates of point Q are (7,6,0)
3. Coordinates of point R are (1,6,2).
4. Coordinates of point S are (6,2,4).
𝑥−2 𝑦−2 𝑧
5. Equation of line PQ is = = .
5 4 0
𝑥−1 𝑦−6 𝑧−2
6. Equation of line RS is = =
5 −4 2
Shortest distance between PQ and RS analytically .Shortest
64
distance by actual measurement = .
21
The results so obtained are intersecting lines.
9. To verify that amongst all the rectangles of the same
perimeter, the square has the maximum area.
MATERIAL REQUIRED
Colour paper, paper cutter, scale,Pencil, eraser cardboard, glue.

OBSERVATION
1. Perimeter of each rectangle R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7is 48.
2. Area of the rectangle R3 less than the area of rectangle R5.
3. Area of the rectangle R6 less than the area of rectangle R5.
4. The rectangle R5 has the diamensions 12× 12 and hence it isa square.
5. Of all the rectangles with same perimeter, the square has the
maximum area.
10. To explain the computation of Conditional
probability of a given event A, when event B has
already Occurred, through an example of throwing a
pair of dice.
MATERIAL REQUIRED
A colour paper ,Pen/pencil, scale, a pair of dice.

OBSERVATION
1. Outcome(s) favourable to A : 1 , n (A) = 1 .
2. Outcomes favourable to B :11, n (B) =11.
3. Outcomes favourable to A ∩ B :1, n (A ∩ B) = 1.
1
4. P (A ∩ B) =
36
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
5. P (𝐴) = =1/11
𝐵 𝑃(𝐵)

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