Training of NPPA

Personnel

Safety Systems overview

Supporting Safety Systems

Prepared for NPPA

Author: Worley team
2024
 Agenda
• 1. Intermediate Cooling Circuit for Essential Consumers (KAA)

• Main Function
• System Position Overview
• Electrical Power and Safety Setpoints

• 2. Essential Consumers Cooling Water System (ECCWS)

• System Design Basis

• System Position Overview
• System Operation

• 3. Emergency Power Supply System (EPSS)

• Structure and Purpose of EPSS Equipment

• Single Line Diagram
• Consumers
• Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG)
2
 Training Objectives

TO-1 To get acquainted with Intermediate Cooling Circuit for

Essential Consumers System basic principles and structure and to
know and understand the system function, design and modes of
operation

TO-2 To get acquainted with Essential Consumers Cooling Water

System basic principles and structure and to know and understand
the system function, design and modes of operation

TO-3 To understand the Emergency Power Supply System purpose

and structure and to get acquainted with theirs equipment, power
supply sources and redundancy
3
Intermediate Cooling Circuit for Essential Consumers
(KAA) Main Function
The system is designed to cool important users that are operated
by potentially radioactive fluid:
• The important users are located into the Reactor Building (UJA).
• The user set are including also users located into the Safety Building (UKD)
and Auxiliary Building (UKA) - the system has the branches to this buildings.
• The fluid pressure in the system is maintained above the fluid pressure of
the users to avoid leakages of radioactive substances .
• The system performs the function of tertiary protection (barrier) against
radioactive emissions to the environment in event of cascading damage
(leaks, cracked destruction of internal components in consumers).

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Intermediate Cooling Circuit for Essential Consumers
Configuration
KAA70,80
USERS USERS KAA60
KAA50
KAA01 KAA02

KAA10 KAA20 KAA30 KAA40

Common

Common
Common

Common
Common
header

header
header

header
header
5
Intermediate Cooling Circuit for Essential Consumers
Operation
The main system part contains four (4), physically separated
structural trains (KAA10/20/30/40), and 2 supply and return groups
pipelines (KAA01/02) to UJA.
• Under Normal operation conditions (NOC), two (2) trains are operated. The
other two trains are in reserve - the neighboring train (KAA10/KAA20,
KAA30/KAA40)
• One lines group KAA01 switch on KAA02 switch off or vice versa

The structure of the system is organized as a "closed circuit", the

circulating fluid is collected in a "common header" for the four (4)
trains. The common header is located above the pump level.
The system uses distillated water as circulated fluid and sea water
as a cooling fluid by system heat exchangers. 6
Intermediate Cooling Circuit for Essential Consumers
Operation
Each train contains:
• One train pump injected to supply group KAA10 KAA20

line
• Two heat exchangers (one in operation,
the other in reserve). If necessary,

Common
header

Commo

header
n
through a throttling devise, they can be
switched in parallel.
• The coolant of the heat exchangers is sea water, supplied from the NPP
service water system (PE)

• The mass balance of the circulated fluid

are controlled via an “surge tank”. When
the water level into “surge tank” up NPP service water(PE)
down, automatically switch on are Outlet Outlet
NPP service water(PE)

distillated water feed from KBC2 system Entrance

(Demineralized Water Supply System). 7

Intermediate Cooling Circuit for Essential Consumers
Power supply and set points
Electrically the system active components are powered from II
category reliability group power supply. In case of LOOP (Loss of
offsite power) the system could be powered by EDG (Emergency
Diesel Generator)
• The systems pumps are included to “step by step” loading algorithm
The containment isolation valves on the KAA01, KAA02 pipelines are
powered from I category of the Emergency Power Supply System
(EPSS).
• In case of events LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident), Secondary pipe break into
containment this valve could be close automatically.

A loss of offsite power (LOOP) is a transient event at nuclear power plants (NPPs) that can be expected to occur during normal operation of the plants. In a LOOP event, the electrical
8
transmission to and from the external power grid is lost, often resulting in a reactor trip and shutdown of the plant.
TOPIC QUESTIONS

CONTROL QUESTIONS to Intermediate Cooling

Circuit for Essential Consumers
1. How many system trains are operated in
NOC?
2. What type of fluid is circulating inside
the KAA system?

9
Essential Consumers Cooling Water System(PE) Design
The system ensures cooling water for essential consumers and
removing the heated water to ultimate heat sink (Mediterranean sea).
The system is separated into three subsystem supplying cooling water
to defined group of users:
• Subsystem 1 - to KAA (Intermediate Cooling Circuit for Essential Consumers)
systems heat exchangers
• Subsystem 2 – for cooling heat exchangers of the XJG standby EDGS (Emergency
Diesel Generator Stations) in blackout mode
• Subsystem 3 –to heat exchangers of nuclear island refrigerators (Chilled Water
System of the Reactor Building)
The system shell perform its functions under the following design
conditions:
• Temperature cooling water 0-35 OC. 10
Essential Consumers Cooling Water System Configuration

UKD

XJG KAA
XJG

1 2 3 4

11UQB 12UQB

Note: UKD - Safety Building, KAA – Intermediate Cooling Circuit for Essential
Consumers, XJG – Cooling System for diesel-generator set of standby diesel-generator
station, UQB – Pumping Station of essential consumers 11
Essential Consumers Cooling Water System Configuration

The subsystems supply cooling sea water to KAA system heat- exchangers.

The subsystem supply cooling sea water to XJG standby EDGS heat- exchangers.

The subsystems include four trains each is equipped to 2 pump, pipeline to UKD, valves.

1&2 / 3&4 trains are located in common building, but different room.

The neighboring train could be reserved.

In the NOC (Normal Operational Condition) the subsystem is in stand-by mode.

The spent heat carrier from the consumer groups is collected in a common header and
taken to the sea

The system function is realized under open circle

During the LOOP the subsystems start automatically to operated using all four channels.
12
Essential Consumers Cooling Water System Subsystem 1

1. The subsystem
supply cooling sea water
to KAA system heat- UKD
exchangers. 5. The heat
2. The subsystem include taken from the
four trains each is consumers’
equipped with 2 pumps,
groups is
pipeline to UKD, valves.
collected in a
common header
4. The and taken to
3. 1&2 / 3&4
neighboring the sea
trains are
located in train could be 6. The system
common reserved. function is
building, but realized under
different open circle.
room.
13
Essential Consumers Cooling Water System Subsystem 2

1. The subsystem supply cooling sea water to XJG standby EDGS heat-
exchangers.
2. In the NOC (Normal Operational Condition) the subsystem is in stand-
by mode. UKD
3. During the Safety System tests, Loss of Reactor Plant (RP) power,
Accident with loss of RP power simultaneously, the subsystem start
XJG XJG
automatically to operated using all four channels.

5. The spent heat

carrier from the
consumer groups is
4. 1&2 / 3&4 Channels are located collected in a
into common building, but are common header
assured by different entrance to sea and taken to the
water source. sea
14
Essential Consumers Cooling Water System Subsystem 3

UKD
1. One PE system pump supply water for cooling the condensers of
nuclear island refrigerators - Chilled Water System of the Reactor
Building (QKC).
2. The subsystem are operated seasonally.

1 2 3 4

15
Essential Consumers Cooling Water System Operation

1. System consists of four trains – pumps, pipelines, valves

2. Trains’ pumps are located in two Pump Stations – 11/12UQB
3. In each of building 11,12UQB thereUKD are two physically separated system channels
4. The separation barriers are fire resistant
5. Each pump suck sea water from separate entrance well
6. The entrance well is equipped with:
▪ Trash scream
▪ Rotating water purification scream
7. The channel may be controlled from MCR.

1 2 3 4

11UQB 12UQB

16
TOPIC QUESTIONS

CONTROL QUESTIONS Essential Consumers

Cooling Water System
1. How many subsystems are included into
the structure of PE system?
2. How many PE system trains are situated
into the one Pump Station Building?

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Emergency Power Supply System (EPSS) Purpose and structure
Emergency power supply system purpose is to supply power to the NPP safety systems in all operation
modes, including loss of offsite and units’ sources (operating and standby)

The structure of each EPSS channel includes:

• Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG) with the voltage of 10.5 kV
• 10 kV auxiliary switchgear device
• 0.4 kV switchgear device sections of the first and second groups
• 10/0.4 kV transformers
• 220 V storage batteries
• 220 V direct current distribution panels
• Direct and alternating current converters: rectifiers and inverters
• Tight electric penetrations (inlets into the containment zone) for power and
control cables
The principal diagram of electric connections of one (the first) EPSS channel is presented in the
EPSS Single line diagram.
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Emergency Power Supply System (EPSS) Single line diagram

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Emergency Power Supply System (EPSS) Purpose and structure
The system structure is a multichannel. The number of trains corresponds to
the number of technological trains of safety systems.

Each of the four (4) EPSS trains feeds all the load of the corresponding train
of the safety system, which is necessary in case of anticipated operational
occurrences or an accident at the station for bringing the power unit into a
safe shutdown state and maintaining the unit in a safe state {REQ 0.2.08-
3.7.3.2-0010-T}.

EPSS begins at the EPSS reliable power supply sections circuit breakers input
terminals installed in the sectional jumper between 10 kV EPSS sections and
10 kV NOPSS sections, and ends at the input terminals of the technical
facilities of the consumers of the EPSS first and second groups.
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Emergency Power Supply System (EPSS) Purpose and structure

EPSS, its equipment and building structures are designed to

perform specified functions when exposed to:
• Natural phenomena typical of the NPP disposition
• Common cause failures (fires, etc.)
• Thermal, mechanical, chemical and radiation impacts arising from an accident
at NPP.

Physical separations of trains are provided. The equipment and

cables of each train are placed in the premises of the corresponding
train.

21
Emergency Power Supply System (EPSS) Purpose and structure
The emergency input is connected from the EDG station of this train (XKA1O, XKA20,
XKA30, XKA40) with power of 7000 kW.

In case of power loss from the NOPSS, the sectional jumper is automatically
disconnected and the EDG is started. 10 kV and 0.4 kV sections are unloaded.

Only non-disconnected consumers remain connected to the section. Power supply of

non-disconnected consumers shall be restored in the first place. EDG load is received
{REQ 0.2.07-13.2.3-0020-T} by the operation of the automatic sequential diesel-
generator load.

EPSS diesel generators are in standby mode and upon receiving of start-up command
EDG are started within 15 seconds.

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Emergency Power Supply System (EPSS) Purpose and structure

Three DC storage batteries of each train provide uninterruptable

power supply of 0.4 kV first group sections and they are
independent power supply sources of I&C loads in each EPSS train:

Two of them BTG11, 13 (21, 23, 31, 33, 41, 43) should ensure
power of I&C train load, the third BTG 17 (27, 3 7, 4 7) should
provide power of operative DC circuits and safety system train
fittings, including isolation (localization) fittings.

Storage battery capacity is selected {REQ D .4.04-8 .1 0.4.6-0080-

T} to provide the estimated discharge time of 8 h.
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Emergency Power Supply System (EPSS) Consumers
The following devices are directly connected to the 10 kV
auxiliary switchgear sections of each train:

• Motors of drives of high and low pressure emergency injection pumps

• Emergency feedwater and sprinkler pumps

• Pumps of cooling circuit for essential consumers

• Pumps of water feed sets to the cooling intermediate circuit of essential

consumer heat exchangers.

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EPSS – Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG)
Each EDG is monitored and
manually controlled including start
up from:
• Main Control Room (MCR)
• Emergency Control Room (ECR)
• Local diesel generator control panel.
Each diesel generator automatically
starts on:
• Voltage drop to the emergency busbar
• Frequency drop to the emergency power
buses
• Initiation of active Engineered Safety
Features (ESF). 25
EPSS – Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG)
Each EDG is provided with fully independent essential systems:
fuel ,oil supply and storage, starting air, combustion air and exhaust,
cooling water, and lubrication systems.

Diesel Fuel system (XJN):

Fuel storage tank capacity should be minimum to supply fuel for 72 hours of
operation at rated power.
The XJN system is capable of being operated and monitored from both the
control room and from the local diesel generator control panel.
Each diesel engine shall be provided with a fuel oil tank installed above its fuel
feed pumps. This tank, which feeds the diesel engine by gravity and is itself
fed from the storage tank by transfer pumps, shall have minimum capacity to
supply fuel for 5 hours operation at rated power.
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EPSS – Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG)
• Diesel Air Starting System (XJX)
The diesel generator start system provides a stored compressed air
supply sufficient for accomplishing diesel generator cranking cycle
five times without the diesel generator air compressors available.
The EDG shall be equipped with two independent air starting
systems, which may be used together or separately.
• Diesel Generator Combustion Air Intake and Exhaust Sub-Systems
(XJQ and XJR)
The air intake and exhaust systems are capable of supplying
adequate combustion air and disposing of exhaust products to
permit continuous short-term operation of both diesel generators for
each unit at 110% of nameplate rating per generator. 27
EPSS – Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG)
• Diesel Generator Oil System (XJV)
The XJV system provides adequate lubrication at a controlled
temperature to the diesel generator
The XJV system shall be maintained at an operating temperature
that ensures the engine lubricates properly under all normal
operating conditions.
The XJV system is provided with heaters and motor driven
circulating pumps, which keep the engine warm under standby
conditions, enabling the engine to be started without causing
mechanical damage.
Oil storage in the diesel engine pan should provide necessary
amount for at least 168 hours operation at rated power. 28
EPSS – Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG)
• Diesel Cooling Water System (XJG)

The cooling water removes the heat from each diesel engine at rated design
load of the diesel generator.
The cooling water system is provided with heaters and motor driven circulating
pumps, which keep the engine warm under standby conditions, enabling the
engine to be started without causing mechanical damage.

Volume of coolant stored in water treatment module tank should be sufficient

for operation of EDG at rated power for at least 168 hours.

• Fire Protection

EDG is protected against fire by a water spray fire protection system. 29

TOPIC QUESTIONS

CONTROL QUESTIONS to EPSS

1. What does the structure of each EPSS
channel include (list at least four)?
2. List the essential EDG systems (list at
least four).

30
References

1. EPC Contract as of 31st of December, 2016 between the Nuclear Power Plants
Authority, and Joint-Stock Company Atomstroyexport (JSC ASE) (the
"Contractor"), Appendices 1.2 and 13
2. El Dabaa NPP, Preliminary Safety Analysis Report, Chapter 1 General
Description of the Nuclear Power Plant,
ED.B.P000.1.01&&&&&&&&&&.022.HE.0002.E, Revision B01
3. El Dabaa NPP, Preliminary Safety Analysis Report, Chapter 5 Primary Circuit
and associated systems, ED.B.P000.2.05&&&&&&&&&&.022.HE.0001.E,
Revision B01
4. El Dabaa NPP, Preliminary Safety Analysis Report, Chapter 8 Auxiliary
systems, ED.B.P000.1.08&&&&&&&&&&.022.HE.0001.E, Revision B01
Editorial note
This presentation may contain information from public open sources and external Internet web sites referred hereto. The
author does not guarantee that the content of such sources will remain actual, accurate or appropriate.
31
Thanks for your participation
and attention!
‫شكرا لمشاركتكم واهتمامكم‬
&

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