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CLASS 8TH CHEMICAL EFFECT OF CURRENT NOTES

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43 views

CLASS 8TH CHEMICAL EFFECT OF CURRENT NOTES

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anantsharma3000
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ch :Chemical Effects of Electric Current

Conductor: Any substance that allow electricity to flow through it is


called conductor.

Insulator: Any substance that prevents flow of electricity through it is


called insulator.
Any substance can be called as conductor of electricity if it allows
movement of charges through it. The electrons of the conductors can
flow freely and hence can take electric current through them.
Conductors of electricity
POOR CONDUCTOR OF GOOD CONDUCTOR OF
ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY
Some materials can allow a little Some materials can allow
flow of electricity through them complete flow of electricity
and are called poor conductor of through them and are called good
electricity. conductor of electricity.
EXAMPLE : Glass , Plastic , EXAMPLE : Silver ,Gold ,Copper,
Rubber ,Air and Wood Mercury ,Graphite(Carbon)

Conduction in Liquids
▪ Not all liquids can conduct electricity.
▪ Water containing salts and minerals dissolved in it always
conduct electricity. Distilled water which doesn’t contain any
salts can not conduct electricity.
▪ Any solution of acids or bases can also conduct electricity.
How do liquids conduct electricity?
Different substances (Such as Ionic Compounds) when
mixed in water and electricity is passed through them
can break apart and form negative and positive ions in
water. These ions can pass the electric current through
them.
More is the number of ions in a liquid the better is the
conductor of electricity.
However, many compounds do not form any ions on
mixing them with water and therefore they are poor
conductors of electricity such as sugar,water and alcohol.
TESTER: It is a device
used to test if a
particular substance
allows electric current
to pass through it or
not.

A simple conduction tester has an electric cell and a torch


bulb .One terminal of the cell is connected to one terminal
of the bulb by a wire. The other terminal of the cell and
bulb have wires which can be brought in contact with
materials to test whether they are good or poor
conductors of electricity.
When the liquid between the two ends of the tester
allows the electric current to pass , the circuit of the
tester becomes complete. The current flows in the circuit
and bulb glows , it means liquid is conducting.

LED(LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)


Detect weak current as their filament does not require
much temperature to glow.
Longer lead of LED is
connected to positive
terminal of battery and
shorter lead of LED is
connected to negative
terminal of battery.
Q Why LED bulbs are most suitable for testing the
electrical conductivity of liquids?
Ans) When electric current flows through a bulb then due
to heating effect of current, the filament of the bulb gets
heated up to a high temperature and it starts glowing.
For liquids having low electrical conductivity, the current
flowing through a circuit is very weak due to which the
filament doesn’t glow therefore LED is used in place of
bulb because LED glows even when weak electric current
flows in the circuit.
Q What is electrolysis?
Ans) Electrolysis is the breaking up of a compound from its
solution on passing electric current through the
electrolyte .

Q What is an electrode?
Ans) For Electrolysis , two solid
electrical conductors such as
metal or graphite rods are placed
into an electrolyte .The rods are
called electrodes.
Q What is an electrolyte?
Ans) A solution that breaks into its ions passing electricity
through it is called an electrolyte. Electrolytes are used in
the process of electroplating.

Q What are anode and cathode?


Ans) The positively charged electrode is called anode and
the negatively charged electrode is called cathode
Q what are anions and cations?
Ans) The positively charged ions are called cations and
negatively charged ions are called anions.
Effects of Electric current
Heating effect of electric current
When electric current flows through the resistive
elements such as Tungsten filament and Nichrome wire
heat is produced in the element, and this effect is called
the heating effect of electric current.
Magnetic Effect of current
When electric current passes through a wire, the current
carrying wire behaves like a magnet. This is called the
magnetic effect of current
.

Fig: Deflection in compass needle due to magnetic field


around wire

H.W Q) Why is magnetic compass needed to test the


conduction of electric current?

Chemical effect of current


When an electric current flows through a
conducting solution, chemical reactions take place
in the solution. This is called the chemical effect of
electric current. Some of the chemical effects of
electric current are as follows:

• Gas Bubbles are formed at electrodes


• Metals are deposited on electrodes
• Change of colour of the solution.
Electrolysis of water (Breakdown of water)
Application of Electrolysis- Electroplating

Q1) What is electroplating? On which effect of the electric


current is it based?
Q2) Name the electrolyte used in the process of
electroplating of copper metal.
Q3) a) With the help of a suitable diagram, explain how
coating of copper metal can be done on carbon rod using
the process of electrolysis.
b) On which electrode we will obtain pure copper during
electrolysis.
Q4) Why is chromium used for electroplating? Why the
objects have chromium plating are not made of chromium
itself?
Q5) Why do you think electroplated jewelleries are in
demand?
Q 6) Why food cans are plated with tin metals?
Q 7)What is the advantage of coating of zinc metal on iron
objects?
Q 8) What are disadvantages of electrolysis?
Q 9) Describe an activity to show the steel spoons
electroplated with silver.
H.W
Do Q NO 1 ,2 ,3 4 and 5 in book only and do 6,7,8.9,10 and
12 in notebook.

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