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Chemistry

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4 views9 pages

Document (9)

Chemistry

Uploaded by

thabisoraymondndoma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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To prepare solutions of different concentrations, you’ll need to follow these

general steps, which vary depending on the type of concentration you are
dealing with (molarity, weight/volume, or volume/volume). Below are some
general guidelines for preparing solutions of different concentrations:

1. Preparing a Molar Solution (Molarity, M)

Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution


(mol/L). To prepare a solution of a given molarity:

Formula:

Moles of solute

Volume of solution (L)

M=

Volume of solution (L)

Moles of solute

Where:

M is the molarity of the solution (in mol/L),

Moles of solute = mass of solute (g) / molar mass (g/mol),

Volume of solution is the final volume of solution in liters (L).

Steps:

Calculate the moles of solute:


Determine the molar mass of the solute.

Multiply the molarity by the volume of the solution to find the number of
moles required.

Moles of solute

Volume (L)

Moles of solute=M×volume (L)

Weigh the solute:

Multiply the moles of solute by the molar mass to get the mass of the solute
needed.

Mass of solute (g)

Moles of solute

Molar mass (g/mol)

Mass of solute (g)=moles of solute×molar mass (g/mol)

Dissolve the solute:

Add the weighed solute to a container.

Add a solvent (usually water) to dissolve the solute, but do not reach the
final volume yet.

Adjust the volume:

Transfer the solution to a volumetric flask and dilute with solvent to the final
volume.
2. Preparing Weight/Volume Percentage Solution

The weight/volume percentage (w/v%) is defined as the grams of solute per


100 mL of solution.

Formula:

w/v %

Mass of solute (g)

Volume of solution (mL)

100

w/v %=

volume of solution (mL)

mass of solute (g)

×100

Steps:

Calculate the mass of solute needed:

Determine the percentage and desired volume of solution.

Mass of solute (g)

w/v %

Volume (mL)

100
Mass of solute (g)=

100

w/v %×volume (mL)

Weigh the solute:

Weigh the calculated amount of solute.

Dissolve and dilute:

Add the solute to the container and dissolve it by adding solvent.

Adjust the volume of the solution by adding more solvent until the desired
final volume is reached.

3. Preparing Volume/Volume Percentage Solution

The volume/volume percentage (v/v%) is defined as the volume of solute per


100 mL of solution.

Formula:

v/v %

Volume of solute (mL)

Volume of solution (mL)

100

v/v %=

volume of solution (mL)


volume of solute (mL)

×100

Steps:

Calculate the volume of solute needed:

Use the volume percentage and the desired final volume of the solution.

Volume of solute (mL)

v/v %

Volume of solution (mL)

100

Volume of solute (mL)=

100

v/v %×volume of solution (mL)

Measure the solute:

Measure the calculated volume of the solute.

Add solvent:

Add the solvent until the total volume reaches the desired final volume.

4. Diluting a Concentrated Solution


If you have a more concentrated solution and need to dilute it to a lower
concentration, you can use the following equation based on the principle of
conservation of moles:

=C

Where:
C₁ = initial concentration (before dilution),

V₁ = volume of concentrated solution to use,

C₂ = final concentration (after dilution),

V₂ = final volume of diluted solution.

Steps:

Determine the amount of concentrated solution to use:

Rearrange the formula to solve for

1
=

Measure and dilute:

Measure

Of the concentrated solution.

Add solvent until the final volume

V
2

Is reached.

Let me know if you’d like to go over a specific example, or if you have a


particular concentration in mind that you’d like to prepare!

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