IARJSET ISSN (O) 2393-8021, ISSN (P) 2394-1588

International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology

ISO 3297:2007 Certified  Impact Factor 7.12  Vol. 9, Issue 10, October 2022
DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2022.91020

AI-Driven Enhancements in Cloud Computing:

Exploring the Synergies of Machine Learning
and Generative AI
Phani Durga Nanda Kishore Kommisetty1, Avula Nishanth2
Director of Information Technology 1
Project manager2

Abstract: AI-driven developments have overshadowed the advances in algorithmic computing since the early 21st
century, providing opportunities for exponential growth. The key competencies addressed were centered around replacing
sequential and heuristic operations in repetitive applications by process and decision automation, through both
deterministic algorithms (machine learning/deep learning, ML/DL) and probabilistic model predictions (support vector
machine, generalized regression neural network). The synergies of machine learning and generative adversarial neural
network (ML/GAN) products have transformed the conventional business lines of services into the blue ocean sectors of
businesses, across content creation (image, voice, language, music, and videos), forecasts/recognitions/intelligent
processors (image forecast/photo recognitions on collections and photos, emulation and replacements on
voice/captions/texts/styles, forecasting).Millennial cloud computing supports big data exponential growth by providing
high-performance parallel processing, multiple tenants load balancing, practical real-time data processing, and
substantially lower costs. Grouping previously single-server units and sharing servers digital systems have relieved the
Lilliput effect and rescued Moore's Law. Ushering in its disruptive economies of scale, cloud AI, and AI-on-cloud
research and emerging applications, cloud computing has established its niche services value propositions over
conventional value computing; in relationship with it, beyond the traditional hardware and software incentives and
synergies, broadening the foundation of tomorrow's big cloud data centers, they are showing impactful relevance in
reducing carbon footprints, supporting climate actions, contributing to achieving the United Nations (UN) Agenda for
Sustainable Development 2030 and United Nations Human Rights SDG16.

Keywords: AI-Driven Enhancements in Cloud Computing: Exploring the Synergies of Machine Learning and
Generative AI, Industry 4.0, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Smart
Manufacturing (SM),Computer Science, Data Science,Vehicle, Vehicle Reliability

I. INTRODUCTION

Cloud computing has significantly enhanced the capabilities of modern information technology (IT). In the past two
decades, businesses have been taking to the cloud their vast amounts of data in ever-growing numbers. With the cloud's
supply of computing capacity, scalability, and storage capacity, organizations can fine-tune and innovate their products,
services, and strategies, which allows them to work more efficiently and more effectively.

Central to cloud computing are virtualization and serverless computing. Virtualization is used for cloud deployment,
while serverless computing is a process by which cloud providers automatically manage computing, storage, and other
resources required by an organization to run individual functions.

The relatively recent concept of serverless is changing the way cloud applications are being built and deployed and has
the potential to attract smaller businesses to the cloud. Furthermore, the cloud, which has a powerful elastic feature, is
set to support artificial intelligence (AI) applications at a large scale. AI applications, which demand substantial
computational power and extensive data processing capabilities, greatly benefit from the elastic nature of cloud
computing. By leveraging the cloud, businesses can dynamically scale their resources up or down based on real-time
demand, ensuring cost efficiency while maintaining optimal performance. [7]

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DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2022.91020

Fig 1: Roadmap to ML and DL

1.1. Background and Significance

The rapid growth in cloud computing over the last decade may be attributed to the advantages this technology offers to
government, industry, and academics. Over the last two decades, two key advancements, namely, containerization and
serverless computing, have enabled organizations to boost cloud-consumption productivity and cost performance. At the
same time, cloud computing itself has been complemented by AI innovations. However, the gestation of infrastructure
and related resources have thus far generally been led by rules-based approaches, supplemented by experience and
intuition. Today, AI researchers can use rich and trove-size data that are often leveraged to generate ML-driven
performance models capable of capturing the subtleties of cloud computing. Machine learning has clear, short-term
applicability to cloud computing, is flexible, and is generally less sensitive to model uncertainty.

Generative AI provides a more sophisticated platform for steering performance up to and beyond the introduction of new
services, allowing the discovery of better utilization of resources and, among other things, may enable resource
optimization, and the synthesis of systems that are cost-effective, energy-efficient, and could deliver processes not
possible in a cloud environment. Cloud resource limitations are increasingly becoming a drag, and the practical
incorporation of generative AI to design, build, maintain, and manage multi-attribute enhancement is a goal for cloud
computing. AI technologies design, build, and manage the infrastructure, as well as the applications and systems running
in the cloud. This includes predictive analytics, intelligent storage, and server architectures, resource management,
visualization, disaster recovery, security maintenance, policy enforcement, and process support. In other words, these AI
technologies provide a commercialization platform for the creation, sharing, recommendation, and discovery of adaptable
solutions and systems. They help address the current limitations of cloud computing services, such as dependency,
performance, security, and battery life.There are also additional considerations to be considered in this analysis, such as
the campaign configurations, AI software to measure AI-driven response and adjustments to existing settings. Moreover,
leveraging predictive modeling capabilities; determining interim wins; and, periodically, using AI measures throughout
the life of the cloud advertising program can greatly benefit both data management and costs. In contrast, as illustrated
and quantified in our case studies, airlift loss, an albatross hanging from a deployed DDPG inference engine, inhibits
value extraction to a degree where conscious human intervention is essential.[13]

1.2. Research Objectives

In particular, we aim to contribute the following to the cloud computing domain. First, we endeavor to showcase the
numerous synergies between cloud computing and ML and propose novel ML-enhanced cloud computing applications.
The goal of this paper is to set a directional background for the design, development, and deployment of next-generation
cloud computing systems that are fundamentally built on top of modern ML. Second, we hope to point out the potential
areas of research between cloud computing services. The proliferation of cloud computing in the past few years has led
to the development of countless services, each for a different specific purpose. Although these services are very capable
of serving their exact functions at different stages of the application life cycle, their diversity has created a gap between
them. For instance, how to optimize end-to-end performance through a variety of cloud computing stages or how to share
and combine knowledge across these stages to achieve common performance improvements. Third, we exploit the recent
exciting evolution of the power and expressiveness of ML, particularly its latest drive towards generative models, to
propose its efficient and effective use across the manners of cloud computing services in a unified fashion.

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DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2022.91020
In doing so, we enumerate potential ethical concerns in the development and deployment of our proposed applications
and hope to engage the research community in addressing these concerns and moving forward collaboratively and
responsibly.

Fig 2: An End to End Guide on NLP Pipeline

1.3. Scope and Limitations

Before proceeding further, we would like to briefly delimit the scope of this article. Firstly, as emphasized earlier, we
focus on AI-driven enhancements in the domain of cloud computing. Secondly, the variance of AI that we examine here
consists of machine learning and generative AI. Under the former, we consider advanced data analytics techniques like
supervised/unsupervised learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning. With generative AI, we explore methods
including image and video generation and the development of controversial text content. Therefore, the other realms of
AI technology are beyond our immediate concern. Similarly, we do not probe into the complex solution spaces afforded
by the many potential combinations of machine learning and generative AI concerning cloud computing delivery models
or service layers.

Another aspect that we do not address is the use of AI for security offerings for cloud environments. Instead, we consider
the enhancement of cloud customer services like low-level workload provisioning and management, network
provisioning, pricing, service operations & management, risk assessment, and even advances in AI-as-a-service offerings,
which are themselves delivered via the cloud. The use of machine learning and generative AI for enhancing cloud
hardware infrastructure is also excluded from the scope. Approach-wise, we tackle our concerns via a mix of review,
viewpoint, and conceptual analysis by linking pertinent aspects of both AI and cloud computing, noting their convergence
histories and the key fundamentals underpinning their advancements. We have selected certain case studies to
demonstrate the practical relevance of the synergistic frontiers, and also identify and discuss the evolution paths traversed,
technological status, and upcoming research challenges to the academic and industry communities of both AI and cloud
computing.[19]

II. FOUNDATIONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing is an evolving integration of several key technologies and concepts, which include service-oriented
computing, grid computing, distributed computing, autonomic computing, virtualization, utility computing, and Internet
technologies. It is important to explore the previous work that contributed to the existing model. This is partially because
the existing paradigm and value chain provide a benchmark and a base for exploring potential factors and enhancement
axes of cloud computing, and partially because these well-established fields contain a wealth of research and experience
that can be leveraged as we move forward into the cloud computing era.In this section, we will review several key
components of cloud computing, including the underlying technology infrastructure, essential service models, and
benchmarking metrics from multiple perspectives. Although several related areas, such as architecture, security, and
governance, are essential to the realization of cloud computing, they are not the focus of this paper, so we will not provide
detailed coverage.

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DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2022.91020
2.1. Definition and Evolution of Cloud Computing Cloud computing is a term used to describe various scenarios in
which computing resources are delivered as a service over a network connection, such as the Internet. Cloud computing
is an umbrella term that encompasses different services, namely Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service
(PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Among the various cloud computing service models, SaaS is the widely
known and extensively discussed service model following the creation of the cloud computing era. Moreover, cloud
computing is also referred to by other similar terms such as Internet-based computing, on-demand computing, and utility
computing.The term "cloud" is a symbol used in the field of architecture and is visualized in the form of a cloud. A simple
example of cloud computing is an email service being available on the Internet, and the email data is stored at the service
provider's site. This data is accessible to any user connected over the Internet. Many cloud computing offerings provide
common business applications online that are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored on
the servers.

Fig 3: Three Types of Cloud Computing Services

2.2. Key Concepts and Components

Affordable on-demand services via cloud computing have changed the way people consume and deliver computing
capabilities. Employing the pay-as-you-go model, users no longer need to spend extensive time and money to acquire
and maintain sophisticated, specialized hardware, software, and related equipment for computing and storage.

In recent years, AI has become a pivotal technology in various realms, entailing the higher expectancy of enhanced cloud
computing. Machine learning, a prevalent and effective approach in AI, aims to employ data modeling and training, under
a certain learning methodology, to construct a model for making decisions and predictions. Generative AI, an emerging
branch of AI, has received extensive attention and made remarkable advances in image, speech, text, and music
applications. It utilizes a generative model to construct the target domain and transfers information between domains
based on the reasoning learned from data samples, potentially addressing the challenges of data scarcity for supervised
learning on efficient and effective economics bases of share-trained model ensemble in cloud computing.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an essential technology for numerous cloud computing services, and the joint
innovation and enhancements between AI and cloud computing are mutually beneficial. This article first examines the
background, concepts, and synergy opportunities of AI and cloud computing, with a special emphasis on machine
learning and generative AI. We then articulate each AI capability and its uses in better provisioning of cloud services
through prior literature and additional proportions. Although there are other advanced AI methods, such as reinforcement
learning, natural language processing models, and transfer learning models, machine learning and generative AI are
widely used and their services are a significant pay-per-use and enhance value in the cloud. Hence, we put more emphasis
on methodological discussion and illustration. Furthermore, reinforcement learning and potential collaboration with
research in benefits are also outlined. Last, we discuss the implications of our distilled insights and conclude the article.

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DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2022.91020

Fig 4: The ideal workflow for your Machine Learning project

III. AI IN CLOUD COMPUTING

In cloud computing, AI is seen as an enabler of cloud providers and services, requiring high investments to provide new
and emerging technologies. These investments have the goal of significantly benefiting providers and users of all kinds
of cloud platforms - whether they are community, private, hybrid, or public clouds. Essentially, AI-powered enhanced
cloud offerings should provide agility, cost reduction, overall data center workload management, and the launch and
scaling of advanced workloads. For instance, an AI-driven cloud approach allows dynamic resource allocation and
adaptive acquisition nearing real-time. This high dynamism potential of cloud infrastructures powered by AI enables
contention management in virtualized environments, as required by big data and other data-intensive workloads subject
to varying degrees of predictability (VDP).Broadly speaking, VDP represents a concept analyzing the diversity of
unpredictability associated with workloads in cloud data centers from three different perspectives. The first perspective
relates to the arrival time of the workload. As a data center or cloud infrastructure may serve a variety of workloads and
end-users, service demands are inherently random and unpredictable. Intrinsic user behavior, the nature of the tasks,
usage patterns, and new big data applications deploying machine learning leverage this dimension. The second
unpredictability perspective is the size of the workload. For the establishment of cloud computing, the ability to elastically
provision resources is essential, with size typically a function of current or previous states. Classic applications associated
with this concept include parallel and distributed databases, web servers, medium-sized batch jobs, and existing surges
that dynamically adjust according to their result in the anticipation event.[23]

3.1. Overview of AI Technologies in Cloud Computing In this section, we provide an overview of AI technologies in
cloud computing. We introduce these technologies, describe their synergies, and summarize state-of-the-art applications
in this domain. We summarize the applications of machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and generative AI models
in cloud computing and highlight the open challenges in utilizing these techniques in implementation and enhancement.
We provide a comparison of the applications of ML, DL, and generative AI techniques and discuss the advantages of the
state-of-the-art models in which they can be employed for cloud issues. We divide the discussion into three levels, namely
the organization, architecture, and design level. Each level has different characteristics and applications of AI
technologies in cloud computing according to their functionalities, such as resource management, software development,
and user experience during development and deployment.ML, an important technology of AI, refers to the processes of
recognizing patterns in data, developing algorithms, and learning from and making decisions and predictions through the
pattern recognition processes. ML is roughly divided into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised
learning, and reinforcement learning. With the support of GPUs and distributed processing, ML has been widely applied
in areas such as product recommendation, natural language processing (NLP), and computer vision. The advances in ML
are gradually reshaping Arena Computing (AC), which is the future generation platform of the existing Media Computing
(MC) for mobile and big data services, including e-health, vendor-paid geolocated roads, cross-border areas of high
tourism, social gaming, smart energy, and IoT. Rapid advances have already taken place in all six involved technologies,
and permanent monitoring with the aid of ML can refine them, thus achieving substantial benefits for the respective user
communities. As a data engineering approach, ML discovers insights and knowledge hidden in complex distributions of
communications (referencing a redefined KPI set) and intelligent fiscal data. In addition, ML may aid in gaining the
necessary understanding of the user context to deliver a successful solution.ML also supports predictive maintenance in
industries by analyzing sensor data to predict equipment failures, thereby reducing downtime and operational costs.

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3.2. Benefits and Challenges of Integrating AI in Cloud Environments
AI-driven enhancements in cloud computing allow for the re-imagination of business agility and customer experience.
The journey to augment public/private/hybrid cloud and/or end-to-end cloud as-a-service models with high body count
AI can be an evolutionary journey addressing specific needs or a revolutionary shift in the capabilities of cloud solutions.
The evolutionary advancement of AI-driven enhancements in cloud environments can be seen when AI is applied to
automate complex tasks in cloud service operations, predict anomalies or secure alert logs, and assist cloud services
subscribers in trying to deploy, manage, and/or use cloud-native workloads, databases, middleware, or applications.At
the same time, in evolutionary models, AI can be used to leverage cloud-based high-performance computing and added
features in the areas of cloud services billing combined with autonomous financial operations, workload optimization via
several AI solutions, edge cloud services management, and administration of extended cloud deployments. No machine
learning (ML) algorithm can solve all the differences between real cloud data distribution patterns, as well as the
differences in the business models for economic compositions and both the risk and uncertainty of the subscribers of
cloud services. Enterprises are interested in models and methods that validate costs and predict budgets and the
opportunity costs of partnering with cloud providers. These requirements are mission-critical and even more emphasized
when external influences threaten a business area of a corporation.[26]

Fig 5: Data Processing Pipeline

IV. MACHINE LEARNING IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Machine learning models have an unprecedented ability to process data and are split into categories, including supervised,
unsupervised, semi-supervised, reinforcement, meta-, and multi-task learning. While the choice of the learning problem
and any constraints related to it, for example, feature separately in supervised or reward function definitions in
reinforcement learning, intradomain heterogeneity created by variations in decision rule complexity could, in principle,
define a wide range of tasks. The learning scenario also presents flexibility, preventing overfitting. Available scenarios
include classification, regression, clustering, association rule mining, sequence labeling, online learning, anomaly
detection, automated detection, computer vision, and deep learning, etc. Although machine learning can be implemented
using conventional (CPU, GPU) as well as advanced quantum and neuromorphic processing technology, its association
with cloud services creates an engaging scenario that extends support to persistent, large-scale learning tasks that would
be unfeasible for conventional devices. This is the departure point merging machine learning services with cloud
computing, producing a new application scenario we dub AI-enhanced Cloud Computing.

Leveraging machine learning algorithms to enhance existing applications in cloud computing will expand our capabilities
in several directions. For example, one of the main goals of machine learning algorithms in cloud computing will be to
reduce the inactivity of cloud infrastructure that utilizes virtualization (at least) to translate physical hardware resources
into virtual resources, creating a virtualized cloud layering that can support multiple virtual infrastructures. These virtual
resources host guest operating systems of different users with different configurations, accommodating a potentially
larger user base and any fluctuation in the satisfaction and compute power of users' applications.

When hosting applications belonging to several unrelated industries without any form of user-side scheduling, it also
allows users to access the computing resources they need without constraints on their local computing cluster.

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If the level of service offered by a centralized cloud provider meets the needs of a user, he or she gains immediate access
to virtual resources that are equivalent or superior to the same number of physical servers that he or she would have
purchased or rented on the high-performance computing market. Therefore, independence from the availability of cluster
resources translates into flexibility for the user and the ability to be free from local resource limitations.

4.1. Applications of Machine Learning in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing may have a vast service provider of disparate resources providing users demand many cloud computing
applications. Machine learning is often successfully used to try to automate the management and allocation of clouds'
distributed resources. While many extensive existing surveys about machine learning in cloud computing, there's no
recent article that surveys machine learning on devices within the device-to-cloud continuum. In this article, we survey
more recent use of machine learning on devices along with historical findings of device studies as well as ongoing
projects. We also compare the requirements and characteristics of related models. We compare machine learning at the
edge with machine learning on devices in the device-to-cloud continuum. We also highlight the key open issues, and
potential avenues of future work and discuss the role of machine learning in democratizing the IoT and edge computing
ecosystems.One of the first dense basic models trained from scratch directly on the device. This novel approach shifts
most computational requirements that no longer rely on the cloud but companies' servers and it paves the way for
transparent botnet-like deployment. Overall, the additional PRUNE-RETRAIN-LABEL-DETECT step mixed with the
threefold increase in the DNN density did not result in reduced accuracy or on-device inference speed. Moreover, real-
world use results improved accuracy by a substantially lower number of 4K-level images that required a human-in-the-
loop, which also multi-fold lowers time and labor. Machine learning can aid with and in most cases, automate, the
deployment, and management of cloud resources as well as react against performance bottlenecks based on historical and
current system and user workload behaviors.

Fig 6: AI-ML

4.2. Case Studies

Symptom-Guided AI-Driven Storage: An account in the cloud can run into some issues at times, and experts are remotely
helping the workers in the corporate data center get up and running fairly fast. This process could be further facilitated
by AI-informed symptoms, a method of using AI to help diagnose issues quickly by starting with the issue of a file and
working "backward" to figure out what's causing the problem. An AI engine that draws from a "knowing" of files and
their associated bugs can help users resolve issues faster by quickly deducing and then presenting solutions. These AI-
driven predictions can further be converted into new learning models and code to enhance the technical performance of
both the software and customer support in a sort of machine learning for humans, or "knowledge quantization." In this
paper, we develop AI systems for software-defined storage (SDS) that use AI to monitor cloud storage in a "symptoms"
manner and then provide a priori quality of service (QoS) based on machine learning- and artificial intelligence-based
models.Symptoms AI Blackhole versus Pedagogy: An account key function in widespread use at the moment through
cloud storage and supercomputing centers is a method of talking unstructured data stored in the cloud called a distributed
file system.

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Millions of conventional users ranging from behavioral analysts to clinicians are utilizing it for some very critical tasks
including the storage, analysis, and interpretation of multimodal and multi-vendor experimental data and information.
Sectors that profit directly and indirectly from these cloud computing benefits are Aerospace, Biotechnology,
Environmental Management, Information Technology, Large Research Centers, Modeling and Simulation, Network
Facilities, and weather and Climate. Businesses have turned to public cloud due to the speed and ROI advantages it
presents. However, whichever software measurement guides these calculations is often skewed.[33]

V. GENERATIVE AI IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Generative AI has shown its potential to introduce various mechanisms for synthesizing content data. Different from pre-
attentive-driven content recognition and classification in ML, generative AI does not necessarily need to have existing
neighboring data as its input. The model learns from existing neighboring data and generalizes the learned knowledge to
generate new data that follows a certain inherent style, class, or distribution. The generative AI models work with a
designed data structure and develop the relationships between the input data and its expected output. The input data could
be vast content, such as images, sounds, music, and video. The designed model then uses the input and learns the input-
output or conditional probability using different training approaches and system settings.Due to its capability to learn and
generalize the input data and to predict, synthesize, and optimize the design parameters, GAN has been a successful
algorithm in various applications such as image data representations, style transfer, data augmentation, and texture
synthesis. In particular, it can facilitate generating realistic content and optimize the visual characteristics based on the
probabilities of the input-associated features, such as the texture and style of an image. A previous work thus applies
GANs to realize the image-to-image translation and considers its software-based applications. GANs have also
significantly increased the efficiency of some generative models through their advanced structures, such as the size of
generated images, the number of image classes, and the variety of realistic image production, offering wide applications
in prototyping images in training data, simulation sequences in video games, visual storytelling, and motion picture
generation. With increasing interest in image processing and recognition, conditional GAN has been developed to
improve the realness of generated images through special input-conditioning labels and retrieve realistic-looking images
achieving specific targets. To extend the capabilities of GAN, convolutional networks are applied to generate new images
from random noises, and a new efficient training strategy is proposed.

Fig 7: Artificial Intelligence Classification

5.1. Introduction to Generative AI

Cloud computing has played an essential role in providing AI systems as a service to a large number of users. The
presence of machine learning and subsequently pre-trained models has enabled AI developers to use and deploy complex
models such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, BERT, and more for various application
development without key expertise. However, developers need to have expertise in understanding patterns and efficient
network design and need to spend continuous time parameterizing neural networks for different applications correctly.

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However, most neural network architectures reveal that the lack of large training data for various applications is crucial.
Consequently, in practice, we try to generate images or other data using generative AI techniques to adapt them with
limited training data. Educational and research institutions are unable to verify their models due to the high cost of
addressing major technical or scientific problems. To understand the creative potential of AI systems in the cloud
ecosystem, furthermore, the following passages outline machine learning fundamentals and key concepts.Recent years
have witnessed a growth in engineering products that utilize AI systems to automatically generate human-like outputs,
especially in the art and writing business. For example, Google's DeepDream, Amazon Alexa's responses, and Mickey
Mouse images share a piece of information with Microsoft Xiaoice by learning from data (faces, sounds, images,
corpora). Although many of these creative products are impressive and receive public attention, most products are studied
by individual communities, e.g., fine art programs, chatbots, automatic writing, and conversational AI. We claim that all
these tasks are interesting instances of the same core problem. Depending on the input data provided, how can we generate
compelling human-like outputs? This book aims to provide an overview that the reader can refer to remain on top of the
progress in present AI challenges and methods and methodologies that dahsyat scalable creative enablements. In this
book, the reader is invited to take part in a fascinating journey on generative AI.[41]

5.2. Use Cases and Applications

The unique synergies between generative algorithms like GANs open the door to utilizing generative AI-empowered
models in domains such as data pre-processing, privacy, security, and data quality. Advanced cloud computing models
manually create artifacts within data analytics at multiple stages in the big data lifecycle in areas such as spatial-temporal
pattern identification, data-based discoveries, data transformations, data visualization, interactive manipulations, decision
recommendations, automated response processing, and manual intervention recommendations. Moreover, these models
are not new to researchers that specialize in niche areas such as time-series data, mobile data, streaming data, spatial data,
image, audio, video, or graph data, AI Explainability (AIXAs), model representations, model operationalizations, AI
governance, ethical AI, AI fairness, model implementations, architecture guidelines for cloud-native AI solutions, model
monitoring, cloud managed services, and deploying models.There are also very advanced projects on these models fielded
by leading AI research labs. However, there are no models in the field that are trained to work as data pre-processors,
namely data generators. The challenge with this is that unlike models such as those mentioned earlier that have a
universally trainable nature, there are no single generative model models in the field that can generate artifacts that adhere
to very specific rules and constraints. Document-to-document comparisons with unique content and sentiment
constraints, ensuring compliance with unique regulatory and/or corporate privacy, and security policies are classic
situations in which generative AI would be the silver bullet. At present, managing and implementing such a solution is
only possible manually by specialized human workers. Data privacy is another real-world task for which unique data will
almost always be tricky to emulate. Furthermore, once a generative model has been re-skilled in just earlier steps of the
data supply chain, it will also help to design minions that can crawl, search, and scrape open-source datasets and
periodically pre-process into custom formats of choice. Teaching models how to perform their data preparation and data
pre-processing tasks is key.

VI. SYNERGIES BETWEEN MACHINE LEARNING AND GENERATIVE AI IN

CLOUD COMPUTING

In the next part of our review, we first discuss an important building block of modern AI - machine learning (and neural
networks specifically). Then, we continue with a focus on generative AI, reviewing some of the most recent advances in
generative AI that synergistically contribute to the development of enhanced cloud computing systems (e.g., for
scheduling, resource management, etc.). As an added practical view to the review of our paper, we also populate the IaaS
category of the NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CCRA) in terms of how modern AI (including the
scheduled API access to a larger AI model running in a separate cloud, i.e., MaaS) contributes to the elements of the
architecture. Contrary to the popular selection of the top AI applications in enhancing cloud computing systems, we have
chosen to popularize the applications of machine learning and generative AI, including the way they can synergistically
enhance cloud computing.

Concerning our contribution to the CCRA, the adopted L1 graph demonstrates the applications of breadth and depth of
machine learning, including deep learning (DL) to a selection of IaaS elements. It should also be noted that there exist
more methods to tap the power of machine learning in developing efficient cloud systems, methods such as reinforcement
learning (in the fields of resource management, scheduling, fault prediction, or change request handling), transfer
learning, etc. The early stage identification of potential system vulnerabilities in cloud-based Big Data frameworks and
identification of the emerging malware presence using deep learning methods are just some examples of how deep
learning can be used to secure cloud computing. While a growing number of machine learning techniques prove valuable
for propelling the development of highly efficient cloud computing systems, there is another subset of AI methods that
can exploit the power of machine learning more.

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6.1. Potential Benefits and Enhancements
Artificial intelligence (AI) is often heralded as a double-edged sword with the ability to resolve problems at hand and,
along the way, create problems that demand even more advanced technology to solve. Many Industry 4.0 technologies
can be traced back to such a perceived "problem" created by AI or its underlying big data analytics, such as reinventing
RFIDs for applications in retail analytics, which were saliently solved by AI-based computer vision. As pervasive, all-
encompassing, and overarching as AI is described to be, there are still problem domains that AI has hardly permeated
into. One such underpenetrated domain of AI is AI-enhanced and AI-empowered cloud computing. While the upside of
this interpenetration is the potential to capture a blue ocean of markets with unarticulated AI in the cloud needs, this has
deprived the current state of cloud computing and evolved cloud computing technology of the realized potential of making
cloud-based workloads intelligent.AI-empowered cloud computing is the civilian equivalent of the typical portrayal of
how state-of-the-art military establishments are presented - in pictures of warships, fighter jets, tanks, and troops. It is
the visualization of the potential of AI in a way not seen before in the general public, beyond the unthinkable abilities of
AI dealing with textual corpora, textual analytics, audio, and video analytics. The current ensemble of solutions that AI
in the cloud is concerned about today are spans of horizontal space that consume near-infinite capacity in singular-
dimension form. The cost of this is that such horizontal length and depth of ever-growing capacity availability do not
fully translate to the period that a human can experience in duration at a point in time. [48]

Fig 8: A Simple Guide to Data Preprocessing in Machine Learning

6.2. Challenges and Considerations

With all the opportunities and potentials currently discussed in the field of AI-driven enhancements of cloud computing,
there comes also the question of challenges and issues that require further investigation. Indeed, very few (if any) of the
reviewed solutions have made their way to market readiness. Moreover, experiences from industry show that many
companies struggle with actually adopting AI technologies, not only from a technological point of view but also from an
organizational and company culture point of view. Hence, there still exists a wide research area. Based on a review of
the literature and experiences made by the authors outside the field of AI, it can be reasoned that companies might
especially struggle with the following points:
1. Identifying novelty and reusing existing solutions: Companies first have to develop an understanding of how AI can
be applied in their business such as offering efficiency-enhancing AI services for other companies or designing their
efficiency solutions for existing services.
2. Access to novel datasets and overcoming the barrenness of available datasets in specific application domains: While
there is a broad selection of high-quality datasets representing a wide range of topics available, datasets will likely only
exist for very generic application domains, leaving many companies designing their complementary datasets.

3. Expertise in how to derive meaningful and useful data analysis patterns that solve tough business challenges: Even
though machine learning training is becoming easier and easier, companies are still often lacking expertise and experience
on how they can create a meaningful and useful data analysis model fitting to their business case at hand. Often, lack of
support within IT leads to long failure loops with unforeseen high costs. To reduce the reluctance of companies to get in
touch with AI that is easy to use but hard to customize, democratization of data analysis might encourage the entry of
more experts and practitioners.

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DOI: 10.17148/IARJSET.2022.91020
4. Dealing with integration issues and culturally reorienting work routines and processes: On the actual application side,
companies often have to deal with integrating their novel AI solutions into complex IT environments that might be
burdened by emancipated legacy systems. Moreover, before this technical step can be taken, companies have to culturally
reorient their work routines and processes such that they are open to AI technologies. Especially in fields that have not
yet embraced AI, substantial company culture changes represent a big hurdle to company capitalization of novel AI-
based technologies.

5. Adoption of AI services: On the demand side, it might be hard for companies that lack an immediate understanding
and qualified support of what these AI technologies imply in enriching existing services or offering new products,
especially for companies that have not yet embraced AI.Additionally, there can be significant challenges related to
integrating these advanced AI technologies into existing infrastructure, necessitating substantial investments in both
training and technology upgrades to fully realize their potential benefits.

VII. RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES

This research agenda aimed to identify and shine a light on the highly promising, but relatively under-researched
opportunities for enhancing cloud computing with AI. Through this discussion, we aim to instigate new and innovative
high-quality research in this area and also contribute to enriching a dialogue that is becoming more urgent and societally
pressing day by day.Throughout the paper, we have sought to raise several exciting, but relatively untapped, opportunities
for advancing cloud computing with AI. We are excited by the possibility that this research might frame new studies and
inform the emerging dialogue en route to opening these new research and application frontiers. In this concluding section,
we shall summarize these proposed avenues by first reviewing those that seem more urgent and immediate and then
turning attention to those that seem to be more speculative or long-term questions that need careful reflection and study.

Fig 9: Machine Learning Pipeline Deployment and Architecture

VIII. CONCLUSION

In this article, we showed that enhanced cloud compliance can be achieved through the synergistic combination of cloud
computing and AI by addressing various security and access control problems present in cloud computing. These
modifications help address various security, privacy, and trust issues in cloud computing. This approach has the potential
to significantly enhance the security posture of the cloud. In the next section, we first review the current state of cloud
computing, followed by machine learning, a form of artificial intelligence (AI).To significantly enhance the security
posture of the cloud, we propose that the cloud provider should provide AI services alongside its regular cloud services
to monitor its environment, determine any potential sources of vulnerability, and fix them. In addition, we also propose
that the cloud provider should also provide AI-oriented intrusion detection and prevention mechanisms. Moreover, it
should also provide generative adversarial networks (GANs) and Deepfakes detection and then remediate or nullify the
malicious content. The goal of providing these new AI-oriented services is to ensure that the cloud users' security, privacy,
and trust interests are adequately addressed and they can have more confidence when adopting cloud services. We first
show an architecture that demonstrates the integration of AI services into the cloud computing environment. We then
discuss some possible AI-enhanced cloud services and their detailed architecture.

8.1. Future Directions

The AI-driven enhancements offer numerous opportunities for improvements of systems based on cloud computing
paradigms. An important aspect is the introduction of autonomy at various levels. The concepts of servers on demand
and self-healing have been studied here, uncovering the related trade-offs that have to be taken into account when

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designing complex interactions between cloud customers and self-adaptive cloud data centers. This is only a small step
in the overall perspective of more autonomous M&S in the cloud, with M&S systems that will be able to exploit AI
capabilities to reach decisions autonomously and be able to handle both the design and operational phases in the most
"invisible" way possible for the user. This goal can be pursued in various ways depending on the flexibility allowed at
the service level by cloud data centers to M&S managers. However, we believe that AGD tools have the potential to
enrich the expressiveness of existing AI frameworks, especially in classical rule-based AI languages, thereby extending
the AI capabilities, e.g., within a service-oriented Cloud Computing approach. Since the AGD representations are too
complex to be used within a conventional AI operational cycle, the current approach is complementary and aims at
enriching the existing knowledge bases underlying different ontologies or frames. Moreover, the expressive approach is
validated with a real-world use case in the domain of sticker detection. More specifically, the AGD tools are first used to
generate an extra 15,702 sticker poses used for knowledge enrichment, and the manual matching between the output
poses and real poses is avoided. The obtained enrichment is also used to update the existing rules for defective sticker
removal. The applicability and interest of these complementary AGD AI capabilities are introduced in applications with
an AI-controlled sensor used for the recognition or tracking of real objects.

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