netiask tob pode thu oalback yo lloye (B Yo)

Lohe
B +R
t
Vo.

A
-Vcc

C) at ho invetig
ac velkege ampled uput i Bo
shown, An addihona/
aslolihional Io°
Ao X V Can ocue cathn
Das a t

andthis Causes BVo be in

hugh fugunes and oaupom. ThuepWo
phase oLh Vo, &hocon in at
in phose laithe
zaty egal to and the cicuit is
Can be put. La his
Cose
slati2
input volhage and a
eistond
llotion
ntinuoug O8 a i t inslsbi aty
Meosue lakn tu Conbat
Compensoh'on.
 The Condiloms neasy fot sclalong to oca
n
Han Bre

auound te lop should be equal

to 360
abe tioo condditng Khoon al
The
Baikhauser citeia
auncd he
The
aninal
loop tom iveaking igut Yia the
autput and ba ipt
etoock.
phau thiyt
Tte loop phau Shatt
Vio
and bak t tle eyt
tte amglife cutput
fedbau netusot
enceahen
feudbek ghoate
ang
AL = Ao XB

Aol
A

27
 Differential Intermediatc Low-impedance
input stage stage output stage

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

(a) An op-amp has threc stages

(dB) Voltage gain

0°
100

6 dB/octave
Phase shift .45°
Open 80 Phase
loop -45° shift
gain 90°
-12 dB/octave
60
--1350
50 dB
-135º -1659
40

-225°+ -225°
20
-I8 dB/octave
100 Jk 10k 100 k

Signal frequency
 al
3dauoing ue AL 3
6d6/acloue
hat 6d8lactoue
o at to Fnay
cohen
d&ldecoole -ho
octae
i2 Ratie obl the
dBloclauedesig, Leom
ot
ducade dB/ -do
cleo&e
at
2
also is This
plot Bat naun
a!
staes 3
and thse
ie pole tps and fpa tp, Th
slag dane wnpe louo 3)
Klag calion ampif Ialesmediato )
panp
shows
 khift plau Loop
Ohen cKt pamf Nage Phau
shift phee |-18o
ndnaly at
phau leop open Thie
alsttional Buft
is
e o
45
hAhen
3s -
fp at
tont
um
ma ie
Lte
at At
dt-4s anothet adls slage-d
aclols
this negfegrttP2 y
thu bmall,
Bo
shage-2
s tiom shft phase
6 -3
1
epay
plae tol to
sded. also togc each The
 phae chyt ces net kaue to
be ecet fot asallaten
makeg He
tu tofal
Ciicib lunstbl. To auotd ogullatiene
an -3/5
phae s t mwt Rot be
ohen AL!
The difeente belocen 6 and h actal
to as
ohau khift at AL =| g

To kaue keblit
260 -315 =
| Nininun phae nangin = 36o 45