For official use only

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA

STUDY OF GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONS FOR LOCATING ECONOMIC

MINERAL PROSPECTS IN PARTS OF GURGAON AND FARIDABAD
DISTRICTS, HARYANA
(Progress Report For F.S. 1985-86)

By
Jaya Paul, D. Geologist (Jr.)
N.K. Dhir Geologist (Jr)

Regional Geology Division (Haryana)

Faridabad-121 001
Geological Survey of India, Northern Region,
Lucknow
1988
Not to be reproduced in part or full without prior permission of the Director General, Geological Survey of India, Kolkata-700 016
 STUDY OF GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONS FOR LOCATING ECONOMIC MINERAL
PROSPECTS IN PARTS OF GURGAON AND FARIDABAD DISTRICTS, HARYANA
(Progress Report For F.S. 1985-86)
By
Jaya Paul D. Geologist (Jr.) &N. K. Dhir Geologist (Jr)
Geological Survey of India

CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page No
ABSTRACT i
I INTRODUCTION 1
II PHYSIOGRAPHY 1
III ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
IV PREVIOUS WORK 3
V GEOLOGY 4
VI STRUCTURE 9
VII PALAEOCURRENT STUDIES 11
VIII ECONOMIC MINERALS 12
IX CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATION 13
X LOCALITY INDEX 15
XI REFERENCES
APPENDIX-I
APPENDIX-II
APPENDIX-III
APPENDIX-IV
Fig. 1 Palaeocurrent map of rocks of Ajabgarh Group Rithath, District Gurgaon, Haryana.
Fig. 2 Frequency distributions of cross bedding inclinations.
PLATE-
I Geological map of the area south of Sohna, District Gurgaon and Faridabad Scale
1:50,00.
 STUDY OF GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONS FOR LOCATING ECONOMIC MINERAL
PROSPECTS IN PARTS OF GURGAON AND FARIDABAD DISTRICTS, HARYANA
(Progress Report For F.S. 1985-86)
By
Jaya Paul D. Geologist (Jr.) &N. K. Dhir Geologist (Jr)
Geological Survey of India

ABSTRACT
Systematic geological mapping in parts of Gurgaon and Faridabad districts, Haryana
covering an area of about 1,000 sq km (including the vast intervening alluvial tracts) was conducted
in toposheet Nos. 53H/4,8; 53D/16; 54E/1,2,5 & 54A/13, 14 and an area of 400 sq km by
reconnaissance traverses to study the occurrences of granite, pegmatite and silica sand (morrum)
was covered in parts of toposheet No 53H/3,7 and 53D/15 on scale 1:50,000 during the field season
1985-86.
The rocks of the area mapped belong to the Alwar Group and Ajabgarh Group of the Delhi
Super Group of Precambrian age. The Alwar Group forms the main litho unit of the Sohna-Nuh-
Firozepur Jhirka ridge and comprises massive quartzite with partings of mica schists, phyllite with
occasional bands of staurolite-Kyanite-Garnet mica schist. In the north western part of the area,
current bedded felspathised quartzites are exposed in the isolated hillocks around Khori Khurd,
Khori Kalan, Rathiwas Ghatal, Shikrapur and Jaurasi.
The Ajabgarh Group is mainly exposed in the eastern part of the area (Taharki in the north
to Kolgaoninthe south) as small detached Dinear hills and ridges and comprises slates, siltstones,
rhythmites, puckered phyllites and bands of current bedded quartzites. These units have been
further subdivided into different units on the basis of gross lithology, sedimentary structure and
degree of metamorphism. These rocks have been intruded by meta basics, pegmatites and quartz
veins.
These metasedimentaries have been subjected to three phases of deformation. The first
phase is represented by tight isoclinal (F1 ) folds overturned towards west and plunging towards
NNE or SSW. The regional foliation (S1 ) is the axial plane cleavage of the F1 folds. The second
phase has resulted into regional, open antiforms and synforms (F2 ) having northerly or Southerly
plunges. The third phase of deformation (F3 ) is representee by broad, open rolling warps roughly
along an E-W axis.
Sulphide mineralisation in the form of pyrite, pyrrhotite and very rarely arsenopyrite is
seen as specks and disseminations is the quartzites of Sohna-Nuh-Firozepur Jhirka ridge. A number
of slate quarries are seen around Basai Meo and to the north of Ghatwasan. Quartzites are quarried
throughout the area for use as building materials.
 STUDY OF GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONS FOR LOCATING ECONOMIC MINERAL
PROSPECTS IN PARTS OF GURGAON AND FARIDABAD DISTRICTS, HARYANA
(Progress Report For F.S. 1985-86)
By
Jaya Paul D. Geologist (Jr.) &N. K. Dhir Geologist (Jr)
Geological Survey of India

I. INTRODUCTION
The present investigation was carried out in pursuance of the field season programme of
the Geological Survey of India for the field season 1985-86, under the item No SGM/44P, 53D,
45M, 53H, 54A, 54E/NR/HAR/82/15 of Regional Geology Division, Haryana. The work was
completed during the period from 26.12.85 to 18.4.86. An area of 1000 sq km (including the vast
intervening alluvial tracts) was systematically mapped on 1:50,000 scale and an area of 400 sq km
was mapped by reconnaissance traverses on 1:50,000/1:63,360 scale in parts of Gurgaon and
Faridabad districts, and located in Survey of India toposheets Nos. 53H/4, 7, 8, 53D/15,16:
54E/1,2,5; 54A/13,14.
Location and Accessibility The mapped area lies between the Latitudes 27°40’ N to 28° 15’ N and
Longitudes 76°50’ E to 77°19’20” E and reconnaissance traverses were taken in the hilly tracts of
Gurgaon and Faridabad districts north of latitude 28°15’ N. It is well connected to Delhi and
Faridabad by roads. The main townships in the area are Sohna, Nuh, Firozepur Jhirka, Hodel,
Punahana, Bhundsi, Gurgaon, Badkhal, Arangpur and Faridabad.
The Delhi-Jaipur National Highway No. 8, Passing through Gurgaon, cuts across the north
western part of the present area while the Gurgaon Alwar State highway No. 43 cuts through the
central part of the area passing through Bhundsi, Sohna, Nuh and Firozepur Jhirka. The Delhi
Calcutta National Highway No. 2 cuts across the eastern part of the area passing through Faridabad
and Palwal. These are all weather roads linking Faridabad to Sohna, Nuh and Firozepur Jhirka.
Most of the villages are connected by roads.
Gurgaon is a railway station on Delhi-Rewari section of the metre gauge line of the
Northern Railway whereas Faridabad and Palwal are on Delhi-Bombay broad gauge line.

II. PHYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE

Physiographically the area can be grouped in two divisions viz; the hilly tracts and the flat
plains. The hilly tract comprises the Sohna-Firozpur Jhirka ridge, Harchandpur-Arangpur ridge, and
long, thin linear ridges in the eastern part of the area forting from Mandkola in the north to Kalinjar
and Kolgaon in the south. Small hills (monadnocks) of massive quartzites are seen at Indri,
Mailawas, Nangal Mubarikpur, Dhanwala, Mhauli and Soholpur villages. Small, detached hills are
also seen at Shikar Pur, Jaurasi, Khori Khurd, Rathiwas and Ghatal.

1
 The Sohna ridge which has a general N-S trend to the south of Sohna, takes a sudden west
ward turn near Sohna and runs for about 2 km. Thereafter it again turns north to run N-S till north
of Raisina where it joins the Bhundsi ridge in the east and the Kasan-Shikohpur ridge in the west.
South of Sohna the ridge takes a N-W swing near Khor and from Dhulwat on wards it
turns back to its regional trend of NE-SW. A bifurcation of this ridge takes a north westerly turn
from Indaur and becomes almost E-W near Sare Khurd. South of Indaur these run as two separate
ridges which again merges near Firozpur Jhirka, and there after it runs as a single ridge. The highest
point in this ridge is 448 m to the NW of Patkhori. The general height of this ridge around Firozpur
Jhirka is 410 m whereas around Sohna it is 310 m.
The Harchandpur ridge starts from near Harchandpur and broadens out north wards till it
attains a width of about 8 km between Nayagaonand Dhauj. Further northwards it splits into
northerly and northeasterly segments. This ridge is characterized by a flat, plateau like top.
The intervening alluvial and sandtracts from monotonously flat plains. West of Sohna
ridge, the level of plains varies from about 285 m, near Pipaka to about 255 m near Khori Kalan
indicating a general slope towards west. To the east of Sohna ridge the level of plains is about 200
m having a general slope from N to S. It is interesting to note that the ground elevations on the ridge
of Sohna ridge show an elevation difference of about 70-80 m.
The ridge in the area are dissected by many small gullies and nallas which drain the rain
waters. At places these nalas have produced bad land topography in the adjoining sandy tracts. The
area around Arangpur is drained by Bhuriya nala whereas Harchandpur ridge is drained by Dhauj
Nala, Kot Nala, Mehndwari Nala and Kost Nala. Most of these nalas die out in the alluvial plains.
At many places these have been dammed to store seasonal rain water and to check soil erosion.
These have resulted into lakes, such as at Badkhal, Surajkund, Dhauj and Dumdum, about 4 to 5 km
wide, which feeds a channel used for irrigating fields. Small ponds known as Johara occur through
out the area on top of the ridges in which rain water accumulates.
Climate The area has semi arid type of climate, with extremely hot summers and very cold winters.
During summers maximum temperature is about 46°C and in winters minimum temperature is
about 2°C. Strong dust storms are quite common during summer months with dry winds of
moderate to high velocities. The rainy season during summer monsoons lasts from June to August
and the average rain fall is about 60 cms. Winter rains are scanty.
Flora And Fauna The hills are covered by thick vegetation forming the reserve forests and is
distinetly different from the one found in the plains. Mostly bushed and shrubs predominate. The
plains have sparsely distributed tall trees and a few bushes along the foot of the hills. The common
trees in the plains are Babul (Acacia arebica and Neeh (Azadiractaindica) and Ber (Zizybus juboca).
In the hilly tract Bhok (Anognoissus pendula) and Khaair (Acacia Kotochu) predominate. Palm
2
trees can be seen at places where nalas emerge from hills and profuse growth of mango trees is seen
in the western part of the area.
The crops cultivated in the area include wheat, wheat, mustard, maize, pulses and
vegetables like tomatoes. Carrots, radish and cauliflower.
Among the common fauna found in the area are Nilgai, jackal, monkey, deer, Wolf etc.
Common bird species in the area include house sparrow, pigeon, spotted dove, grey partridge, crow,
parrot, peacock, mynah, vultures, owls etc. Migratory water birds are also seen in the area.

III. ACKNOWLDEGEMENT
The authors are thankful to Shri V.D. Puri, Director, Regional Geology Division
(Haryana), GSI under whose supervision and guidance the work was carried out. The authors are
also thankful to Dr. H.S. Pareek, Sr. DDG, for his suggestions in the field and providing logistic
support.

IV. PREVIOUS WORK

The first reconnaissance survey of the area was carried out by Hacket (1877). This was
followed by detailed work by Heron (1917) who redesignated the Delhis of Hacket as the Alwars
and the Aravalli and Mondhan series as Ajabgarh series. Later on the area was visited by many
workers for mineral investigations. J.P. Srivastava (1956) carried out investigation for gypsum, clay
and precious stones in the area, while S.K. Srivastava (1956) examined the ironore occurrence near
Firozpur Jhirka. This was followed by study of occurrences of quartzs, friable quartzite and china
clay in Delhi and adjoining areas by J.P. Srivastava (1958-59). This was followed by investigation
for Kankar deposits for the manufacture of cement, by J.P. Srivastava (1959), and then for China
clay, quartz and friable quartzite in Gurgaon district in 1960.
Kashi Ram and Mangla Prasad (1969-70) carried out investigation for clay and silica sand
in the area north of Sohna. Kashi Ram and Ravi Singh (1970) mapped the Firozpur Jhirka area and
examined the gossan zones, A.P. Tiwari (1971-72) mapped the northern parts of Gurgaon district
and reported the occurrence of fragments of volcanic glass in quartzites. A.R. Sharma (1971-73)
carried out geological mapping and reported disseminations of arsenopyrite in dark grey quartzites.
Mangla Prasad (1973-74, 74-75) carried out systematic geological mapping in parts of Gurgaon
district and reported the contemporaneous volcanic activity in the area as indicated by the presence
of fragments of melanocratic cryptocry-stalline volcanic material in quartzites.
Subsequent to the report of arsenopyrite by A.R. Sharma (1971-72), Ravi Singh and K.P.
Reddy (1972-73), Ravi Singh and A. Chatterjee (1973-74), A Chatterjee and S.K. Mathur (1974-75,
75-76 and 76-77 ) carried out investigation for arsenopyrite in various blocks of Firozpur Jhirka and
Nuh tehsils of Gurgaon distt. Values of arsenic reported from various areas are as follows :
3
Dhadhaul Khurd upt 50 ppm Ghaghas Khori less than 8 ppm. In rest of the area mineralisation was
reported to be still poorer.
R.P. Mall and L.K. Dass (1972-73) carried out geophysical investigations in the Dhadhauli
Khurd, Samand Bas, Ghaghas Khori and Kansali blocks of Gurgaon district and suggested good
anomaly zones in Dhadhauli khurd block but the result of geochemical investigation subsequently
carried out does not support this.
D.L. Sah and S.C.Roy (1978-79) carried out geological and geomorphological studies in
parts of Gurgaon and Rohtak districts.
Krishnaswamy, V.S. et al (1981) carried out multidiscip-linary investigation in the Sohna
area to find out the extent of the Geothermal area and to work out the potentiality of these hot
springs as a source of nonconventional energy. They opined that the Sohna Valley is a tectonic
depression formed by the down faulting of the central block lying between two anticlinal ridges.

V.GEOLOGY OF THE MAPPED AREA

The rocks exposed in the area are Precambrian metamorphics of Alwar Group and
Ajabgarh Group belonging to the Delhi Super Group and occur as long, linear, discontinuous chain
of hills. The Alwar Group in the area is represented by a predominantly metapsmmitic assemblage
with minor bands of metapelites and forms the main litho unit of Sohna-Nuh Firozpur Jhirka sector.
The Ajabgarh Group is characterized by predominantly metapelites with minor bands of
metapsammites and calc silicate rock and forms the main lithounit of Taharki-Mandlola-Kolgaon
sector. The rocks of Delhi Super Group have been intruded by metabasics, pegmatites and quartz
veins. These rocks have undergone three phases of deformation and metamorphism from green
schist facies to almandine-amphibolite facies.
The lithostratigraphic sequence established on the basis of lithological characters, strike
mapping, sedimentary structures and order of super–position is given below.
RECENT TO SUBRECENT Alluvium and Aeolian sand with disseminated kankars.
POST DELHI INTRUSIVES Quartz veins and pegmatites, Metabasics.
Unit 3- Slate, Silt stone and phyllite with thin inter bands of
quartzite (at places)
AJABGARH GROUP Unit-2-Current bedded (Tabular) quartzite, flaggy quartzite
with minor slate bands.
Unit 1- Interbanded quartzite, calc quartzite and calc phyllite.
DELHI SUPER GROUP Unit 2- Massive quartzite, foliated quartzite with interbands of
phyllite, carbonaceous phyllite, quartz mica Schist, Garnet-
Kyanite-staurolite-mica schist, graphite schist.
ALWAR GROUP Unit 1- Current bedded (Trough type) quartzite with bands of
foliated quartzite, felspathic quartzite and quartz mica schist.

4
Alwar Group
Unit I The rocks of this unit are exposed around Khori Khurd Khori Kalan, Rangala, Chatal,
Rathiwas, south of Shikarpur and Jaursi occurring as small linear detached hills and ridges in the
Western part of the area. This unit comprises mainly white, cream and grey quartzites, felspathised
at place having trough type current bedding and indicating a westerly younging direction. Around
Khori Khurd and Khori Kalan, the quartizte is pure white, coarse grained, micaceous with small
crystals of tourmaline. The cementing material is felspathic and clayey. At places, patings of dark
green chlorite schist are seen with in these quartzites (near Khori Khurd). The quartzite is
ferruginous at places and on the surface of the bedding plane, stretched quartz pebbles (clasts) are
seen. The stretching is down dip direction and the size of these clasts varies from 5.5 to 15 cms in
length. In cross section it appears to be a tectonic feature formed by the boundnisation of quartz
veins forming a pebble lineation.
Quartzite seen on the ridge to the south of Rathi was is highly Siliceous, felspathic and
mottled at places. South of Shikarpur, the quartzite is profusely cross bedded, compact, fine to
medium grained, pinkish white in colour coarse to gritty at places siliceous with conchoidal surface.
Petrographic studies of thin sections (JD-271 A, JD-271 Bm JD 278 and JD-282) reveal
isequigranular quartz grains having undulose extinction, sttured boundaries, high degree of
silicificatinon and crude preferred orientation. Felspars have been altered to clay which are seen
along cracks and veins (JD-278) and aligned along the foliation plane (JD-271 B). High degree of
limonitisation with slight flattening of quartz grains along foliation (JD-282) is noted. Secondary
muscovite, biotite with accessory iron oxides, retile and tourmaline are seen. (JD-292 A, JD-292B)
show fine to medium grained quartz with few anhedral grains of orthoclase feldspars. (JD-321, JD-
325) show flattended quartz grains with irregular boundaries, crudely aligned muscovite with
euhedral orystals of tourmaline which are perhaps of secondary origin.
Granitic bodies have been reported in the area north of Sohna by earlier workers. Some of
these bodies around Kota Khandola, Raisina and Alipur were reconnoitered and were seen to be
fields pathised quartzites.
Unit 2 This unit is exposed as the main Sohna-Nuh-Firozpur Jhirka ridge and is the thicknest unit
seen in the area. It is also seen on a few isolated hills near Indri, Mailawas and Nagan Mubarikpur.
This unit comprises mainly quartzites with thin bends of phyllites and schists seen through out the
area. Quartzites are hard, compact, massive, breaking with concho-idal fractures, and are mostly
white, grey to dark grey in colour, with dull white and brown varieties being also encountered. They
are fine to medium grained with the gritty variety being also seen on the Harchandpur-Pali-
Badkhal-Arangpur ridge, where it has given rise to silica sand (Morrum) on weathering. These
quartzites are mostly massive and highly jointed but bands of foliated quartzites are also met with.
5
Colour banding can be seen at places, which along with the associated meta-argillite bands defines
the primary bedding in these rocks. Feeble cross bedding and graded bedding I also seen at places.
Load casts are very common. Felspathised quartzites are very common in the area north of Sohna,
Harchandpur ridge and ridge near Raisina, Bhundsi, Mangar and Kotra. A ubiquitous feature of
these quartzites is the presence of pits/cavity on the weathered surfaces which owe their origin to
the leaching of sulphides present in these rocks. Garnetiferous quartzites and sillimanite quartzites
are also seen on the ridge to the weat of Raisina and Bhundsi. Sillimanite occurs as thin and slender
needles seen in bunches or radiating crystals. From near Firozpur Jhirka upto near Rahna, a horizon
of purplish grey foliated to massive quartzite is characteristically seen all along the eastern flank of
the ridge and has more percentage of meta-pelites than other areas. Within this a few bands of
granular to pebbly, foliated to massive quartzite are also seen near Nautki. Clasts are rounded to
sub-rounded, grit to granule in size and are of colour less quartz, white quartzite and red slates.
Small cross beds showing trough type cross bedding are also seen in this unit. Through out the area
these quartzites are sulphide bearing, but the percentage varies from place to place.
The interbands of metapelites comprise carbonanceous phyllites, grey to ash grey phyllites,
Mica schists, staurolite-mica schist, quartz-mica schist, garnetiferous schist and kynaite-sataurolite-
garnet Schist. These occur as thin bands and rarely are as thick as 8 to 10 mts. Of these the high
grade schists are seen only to the north of Sohna around Bhundsi. Lateral pinching and swelling is
very commonly seen in these Schists. They are mainly seen in the cuttings across the strike of the
formations whereas on the ridge slopes the meta-pelite bands have been concealed by the soil cover.
In some of the sections, meta-argillite content is as high as 25% of the rock. Such as at Firozpur
Jhirka etc.
Petrographic studies of thin sections (JD-118, JD-124, JD-129) reveals that the quartzites
exposed around Indri Ridge is composed essentially of quartz which are mostly rounded to
subrounded barring a few grains which have in irregular shape. In general the boundaries have a
corroded appearance. Secondary silicification is evident. Other minerals present are iron oxides,
little felspar, biotite, tourmaline, apatite and volcanic glass (?) Along the quartz boundaries, iron ore
solutions along with finely disseminated quartz, foldsper and sericite have penetrated. Volcanic
material is seen in the form of disseminated mass of iron ore, Sericite, quartz and colourless glass.
Faint schistosity is also seen.
Thin sections (JD-501, JD-508) of quartzites around Barauji reveal subangular to
subrounded almost equigranular quartz grains with sutured boundaries. Secondary silicification is
evident. The quartz grains show undulose extinction. Biotite in good quantity is present whose
alignment defines the schistosity of the rock. Retrogression of biotite to penninite is seen and the
retrograde mineral is not parallel to the foliation. Secondary muscovite and calcite are present.
6
Accessory minerals are iron oxides, apatite, zircon, garnet and a single grain of dumortierite (?).
(JD-472c) reveals euhedral crystals of staurolite exhibiting typical sieve-structure. Foliation is
defined by flattening of quartz grains and parallel orientation of muscovite. Accessory tourmaline is
present. Overall it is a fine grained rock with porphyroblasts of staurolite.
(JD-472A) reveals quartz grains embedded in a ferruginous matrix which is limonitised.
Crude foliation defined by alignment of iron oxides. Little muscovite is also present.
Petrographic studies of the quartzites exposed around Sohna area (JD-8, JD-14, JD-37A
and JD-37B) reveal angular to subangular quartz grains which are inequigranular, tightly packed
and recrystallised. There is no discolouration or melting effect noticed at the margins of the quartz
grains. The quartz grains have a flattened appearance with a preferred orientation (JD-14) and
sheared with inclusions of iron oxide (JD-37A). The matrix of the rock is not discernible due to
tightly packed nature of the quartz grains. Secondary silicification is evident. (JD-37B) reveals
triple junction points of the quartz grains indicating a high degree of recrystallization.
Porphyroblasts of staurolite are also present. Laths of plagioclase feldspar are seen in (JD-37A).
Accessories include biotite, mussovite, sericite, chlorite and tourmaline.
Ajabgarh Group
Unit-I Exposed around Soholpur and Mahauli comprises interbanded quartzite, calcareous quartzite
and calcareous phyllite. The quartzite around Soholpur is grey in colour, fine grained well jointed
and calcareous. Interference ripple marks are seen in these quartzites. At Mahauli, the calcareous
quartzite is interbanded with calcareous phyllite and it is well bedded and jointed. Load casts and
ripple marks are seen on the bedding surface.
Unit 2 Comprises current bedded (fabular) quartzite, flaggy quartzite with minor slate bands and are
exposed as thin linear ridges and small detached hillocks. The quartzite to the east of Taharki is
whitish grey, fine grained, siliceous, febbly colour-banded with clay galls on the weathered surface.
Samples have been collected to test its suitability for the manufacture or glass. Near Mandkola and
Mandnaka, thin partings of slate/siltstone are seen within the quartzites on the western flank of the
ridge. At Durechi, the quartzites are cream to pale pink in colour. Medium grained with thin
partings of siltstone and slates. Around Bajadapahari alternating bands of medium to coarse-
grained, profusely cross bedded quartzite with highly gritty to granular clastic quartzites are seen.
The clasts are moistly of fine grained grey quartzite, highly angular indicating that they have
undergone less transportation and provenance is not for off. The clastic bands are a few mm to a
metre thick indicating fluctuating basin conditions. These quartzites are ferruginous at places and
show easterly younging direction. On the western flank of the ridge, old quarry sites are seen where
morrum was quarried. Similar quartzites are seen in the ridges to the north of Ferozpur Rajput south
of Bochhor and north of Aminabad. Around Ghurawali, the quartzites exposed are thin no thickly
7
bedded, cream to grey coloured, fine to medium grained, with interbands of sericite phyllite having
clusters of biotite/chlorite along foliation. The presence of cross bedding in the quartzites indicates
a shallow water deposition in tidal flat environment.
Unit 3 Comprises mainly slate, siltstone and phyllite with thin interbands of quartzites (at places).
The proportion of argillites varies from place to place and it is more in the southern part of the area
as seen around Ghata Shamsabad and Basai Meo. Here, predominantly grey to greenish grey slates
with thin laminae of arenites are seen. Bioturbations are seen on the surface of the slates. With in
these slates especially around Basai Meo, bands of dark greenish black, compact, melanocratic,
foliated, granular rock with fine shiny specks having the appearance of meta basics are seen.
West of Basai Meo there are several slate quarries. The quarries are about 20 to 25 m in
depth and the material quarried is used for roofing and paving. North of Ghatwasan a number of
slate quarries were seen on the eastern flank of the ridge. The workable slate band is 4 to 5 m thick
and almost vertical. They vary in colour from grey to khaki grey to brownish red, are silty, have
poor fissility and yield long slabs. The slates around Bubalheri, Akbarpur, Dunggeja, safaidi and
adjoining areas show more metamorphism and are soft, crenulated with well developed cross
cutting cleavages which has reduced their fissility and cleavage.
Intrusives
Metabasics Near Mandnaka there are two small outcrops of hard, compact, melanocratic, aphenitic
foliated rock. The bigger one measuring roughly about 30 m x 10 m. About 200 m south of these
exposures is another small outcrop of this rock. Petrographic study (JD-371, JD-372) of this rock
shows that it may be basalt. It reveals acicular platy plagioclase altered to epidote surrounding
sercitised a gite. The plagioclase shows high relief and is mostly of oligoclase-bytownite in
composition. Accessory iron oxides, biotite and muscovite are seen Very little quartz which is
devitrified from glass is present. The overall texture of the rock is ophitic. Mangala Prasad (1974-
75) carried out thin section study of this rock and recognized it as basalt.
Pegmatite A number of pegmatite bodies could be noted in the area near west of Bhondsi,
Ghamrauj, Alipur, SSE of Sikanderpur, Kasan and Arangpur, All these pegmatites are quartz
feldspathic in nature with little tourmaline and mica except for one pegmatite to the west of Bhondsi
which is composed only of mica, quartz and tourmaline and was mined for mica books. Feldpar in
other pegmatities have altered to clay and is being locally quarried.
The pegmatite body near Alipur is located 0.5 km west of the village and trending N70°W-
S70°E direction. The exposed length of the pegmatite is 60 m with a width of about 10m. Near
Arangpur the pegmatite body was noticed north west of the village and strikes in N20° W-S20°E
direction as evidenced by a 20 m pit.

8
 An old quarry is situated just about 150 m due west of Ghamrauj where there is a 2.5 m
diameter and 15 m deep pit where clay was extracted as an alteration product of feldspar in a
pegmatite wein striking N70°E-S70°W and dipping 70° due N20°W.
Quartz Veins Quartz Veins have intruded almost all the litho units in the area in the form of thin
stringers and veins are mainly emplaced along joints and fractures. These quartz veins are vitreous
in lustre and massive in nature. Ramification of quartz vein is seen in Indri area. Associated with
the quartz veins in Mail a was is indurated clay. Some voids on the surface of these veins have
indicated the removal of felspar from these.

VI. STRUCTURE
Planer Structures
(a) Bedding Colour banding, gradational banding and compositional banding define bedding in the
area. The general trend of bedding in part of Sohna ridge is NE-SW with steep easterly dip, whereas
to the north of the area is N-S and to the south it is NNE-SSW.
Current Bedding: Current bedding is noticed in the isolated hillocks around Khori khurd,
Khori kalan, Rangala, Ghatal, Rathi was, south of Shikarpur and Jaurasi. Through type current
bedding is seen in this area. Lenticular shaped current bedding is observed in the isolated quartzite
ridge from Taharki in the north to east of Kolgaon in the south.
Load casts, ripple marks and mud cracks are the other sedimentary structure-noticed in the
area. South of Sohna, flute casts were noticed on the bedding planes in grey quartzites. These flute
casts are of big size.
Joints Five main set of joints have been noticed in the area as given below.
1. E-W strike vertical to sub-vertical dips.
2. N-S strike with vertical to sub-vertical dips.
3. NNE-SSW strike with easterly dips verying from 25°-30°.
4. N30°E-S30°W strike with vertical to sub-vertical dips.
5. NE-SW strike with dips varying from 40°-50° in westerly direction.
Foliation Seen in the phyllitic bands and in siltstone and Basalt in Kalinjar-Mandnaka area
represented by closely spaced fissile planes and generally parallel to the bedding.
Linear Structure Pucker lineation is seen in phyllites and argillaceous intercaletions in Sohna,
Mailawas, Mandkola, Kalinjar and further South. Three sets of puckers plunging at 35° to 60°
towards ENE to ESE, 55° to 65° towards south and 85° towards north are seen in the area.
Mineral lineation in the area is seen by the parallel alignment of the elliptical voids formed
by the removal of pyrite. These voids are prevalent throughout the area in quartzites and common in

9
grey quartzites striations are common in the joints trending E-W in Sohna area. Slickenside films
are seen on joint planes is Sohna and Indri-Mailawas area.
Faults characterized by shearing and brecciation are noticed in the area. Strike as well as
cross faults are developed.
Structural History The rocks of Delhi Super Group of the area mapped have undergone three phases
of folding. The first phase of folding is represented by a series of tight isoclinal folds overturned
towards west, gently to moderately plunging towards NNE or SSW and are best seen in the
Ajabgarh Group of rocks and also seen as mesocopic folds or intrafolial folds in the schists of
Alwar Group. The axial plane of these F1 folds is the regional foliation schistosity (S1 ) which is the
most pervasive planar structure of meta-pelites of the area. The S1 is mostly parallel to so (Primary
bedding) except near the hinges of F1 folds where it is seen to cut so.
Foliation (S1 ) and be bedding (So) show a general trend of NNE-SSW to NE-SW, thus
following the regional trend of Aravalli Range. Regionally the rocks of Delhi Super Group
constitute the core of the Aravalli Synclinorium which was formed during F2 folding. The striping
lineation and mineral lineation is related to F1 folds in the outcrops where F1 folds are not seen
directly. Super imposition of subsequent phases of folding has led to change in the orientation and
plunge directions of these F1 folds.
The second phase of folding led to the development of open, asymmetrical to symmetrical
folds, forming major folds in the Alwar Group of rocks as seen in the Gurgaon–Sohna area. These
folds are of regional scale and are mostly doubly plunging. The Aravalli Synclinorium is perhaps
associated with this phase of folding. They are co-axial to F1 folds showing plunges towards north
or south. On minor scale F1 deformation is represented by crenulation folds on So and S1 . The
crenulation cleavage (S2 ) which forms the axial plane of F2 folds is best developed in the meta-
pelites, whereas in the quartzites it is seen as widely spaced fracture cleavages in the hinge area of
these folds.
The third phase of deformation has resulted into broad open rolling warps or folds along an
E-W axis and are mostly cross folds on F1 and F2 folds and has resulted into broad swings in the
strikes of the various formations and is apparent from swings in the axial trends of F2 folds. It is due
to this cross folding that the F1 and F2 folds show doubly plunging nature along with development of
ruminations and depressions.
Metamorphism The rocks of the Delhi Super Group have undergone regional metamorphism from
green schist facies to almandine amphibolite facies. The rocks of the green schist facies are seen to
the east of Firozpur Jhirka where the pelites have been metamorphosed to slates and phyllites only.
The rocks of almandine amphibolite facies are seen near Sohna and to the north of Sohna where
mica schist shows the presence of minerals like garnet, and andalusite staurolite and kyanite.
10
 VII. PALAEOCURRENT STUDIES
Cross bedding is the only pervasive sedimentary structure in the area, which could be used
for carrying out palecocurrent analysis. Cross bedding data was collected systematically from
Bazidpur hill and hill to the east of Rithath.
Rose diagrams with a 30° class interval were prepared for the tilt corrected cross bedding
azimuths for each locality. From the rose diagrams a distinct unimodal character of the palaeo-
currents is clearly seen with a dominant WSW class. Statistically determined vector mean in
N85°W with a vector strength of 68.8% for the Bazidpur Vector mean is N83°W with a vector
strength of 71%. Since the variability is a function of the stability of current system, so it is apparent
from the present study that the palaeocurrents during the time of deposition of Ajabgarh Group
were quite stable with a dominant westerly flow direction and had a unimodal character.
Banerjee (1980) has death with palaeo-current of Alwer basin and has shown WSW to SW
palaeocurrents at Kishengarh Bas and Ismailpur (these localities are SW of present area in
Rajasthan), which is inconformity with the present study. So there was more or less persistence in
palaeocurrent patterns during deposition of Alwar Group (as shown by Banerjee, 1980) to Ajabgarh
Group (Present study) in the eastern to north-eastern part of the basin. This needs further
confirmation by similar papaeocurrent studies along the full length of Ajabgarh out crops exposed
in Gurgaon district.
Tilt corrected foreset inclinations were separately recorded to determine the effect of
folding and tilting upon cross bedding. The tilt corrected inclination of the cross bedding ranges
from 7° to 32° with a statistical mean of 20.2% for Bazidpur hill and for the hill to the east of
Rithnath it varies from 11° to 33°, with a statistical mean of 21.4%. Histograms to illustrate this
data appear in Fig. 2. Mean of tilt. Corrected inclination of each azimuthal class is also shown along
the periphery of rose diagrams (Fig. I).
It can be seen from the above data that the inclination of the tilt-corrected cross bedding
does not exceed the angle of repose of Sands, i.e., 34° as given by Pettijohn (1962) and according to
him angles of inclination in excess of 36° are indicative of post depositional deformation. So, it can
be easily said that the rocks of the present study area though steeply dipping, have not suffered
much deformation.

11
 VIII. ECONOMIC MINERALS
Sulphide Mineralisation-Pyrite, Pyrrhotite and very rarely Arsenopyrite occur as specks
and disseminations mainly in the quartzites of Alwar Group and sporadically distributed throughout
the area. These are fairly wide spread in the fine grained, dark grey quartzite and then in the light
grey quartzite in that order of abundance. The weathered surface of these quartzites exhibits cubic,
stretched and spear shaped cavities, which have developed due to the leaching out of sulphides.
These cavities are lined with limonite and at places with greenish white material, which could be
the altered product of arsenopyrite.
Malachite stains were also noticed in the fine grained grey quartzites to the west of Patan,
Hasanpur and Bilonda. Fairly good percentage of fresh pyrite is seen in the dark grey quartzite to
the east of Nurpur. No concentration of sulphides is observed at any place and their distribution is
sparse without any structural or lithological control.
A total of 30 sulphide-bearing samples were analysed in the chemical laboratory,
Faridabad the results of which are given in Appendix-I. The minimum value of As seen in
Appendix-I is <50 ppm for most of the samples except for three samples which have been collected
from limonitic sheared quartzite SW of Patkhori, Bearing quartzite west of Bond and ferruginous
sheared quartzites with white oval specks near Jhir Temple.
A total of 28 samples of the above samples were further analysed in the chemical
laboratory at Faridabad for its Arsenic content, the results of which area s given in Appendix-II. The
minimum value of As is <20 ppm for most of the sample collected from the area west of Bhond.
Silica Sandc There are several sand quarries around Arangpur, North of Pali, West of Badkhal SW
of Kota Khandeola and Sohna area. The coarse grained White to light brown quartzite has become
friable due to weathering giving rise to Silica sand. These occur as bands within the fine grained
massive quartzite and are a good source of silica sand. They yield red and yellow sands (morrum)
and are being extensively quarried. These are suitable for building purposes (Mortar, plaster etc.). In
the deep quarries even white sands are encountered. In a profile of these quarries the gradual
decrease in iron content from top to bottom is noticed. Some of the quarries to the west of Badkhal
are yielding only yellow and white sands. Reddish brown silica sands are mot abundant and occur
as cappings varying in thickness from few m. to as much as 20 m especially in Bali area. The cost
of red sand varied from Rs. 150/- to 200/- per truck and that of white sand from Rs. 350/- to Rs.
500/- per truck. To ascertain its quality for glass sand manufacture, samples have been collected and
sent for chemical analysis.
Building Material The quartzites of the area are extensively quarried for building stones, concrete
aggregates, railway ballast and road metal. Flaggy quartzites and schistose quartzites are being

12
worked for roofing slabs and other masonry blocks. Slates occur within the Ajabgarh Group and are
quarried around Basai Meo and on the eastern flank of the ridge to the North of Ghatwasan. These
are used for roofing and paving.
Salt Efflorescence Seen to occur as irregular patches in the area. In appearance it is a loose, fungus
like growth having white to dirty white colour with thickness varying from a few mm to 1 cm. This
salt efflorescence is locally known as kallar, which has formed due to rise of saline ground water in
some parts of the area and has.
Created the Problem of water logging During the summer months when this water is subjected to
evaporation, it leaves behind a white crust of precipitated salts over the land surface. These kallar
patches are also sometimes seen in the land bordering the canals and their distributaries. Presence of
these kallar have been rendered the land use less for agricultural purposes.
A few surface samples were collected, the results of which are given in Appendix-III from
the results of chemical analysis it is seen that the Na+ content varies from 10% to 16.75% and SO4
from 19.35% to 34.28%. Samples JD-K4, K5 and K6 which were collected just a few days after
rain in the area indicate low values of Na+ varying from 0.18% to 1.75% and SO4 from 0.23% to
2.93%.
Clays Clay, an alteration product of feldspar, is seen only in the feldspar rich pegmatites at
Ghamranj, Alipur, Kasan, SSE of Sikanderpur and Arangpur. These clays are being locally
quarried. Results of some clay samples collected from these pegmatites and analysed in the
chemical laboratory at the chemical laboratory at Faridabad is given in Appendix-IV.

IX. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

The rocks of the Alwar Group and Ajabgarh Group of the Delhi Super Group, which are of
Precambrian age, are exposed in the areas. The Alwar Group is represented by a predominantly
metapsammitic assemblage with minor bands of meta pelites and the Ajabgarh Group is
characterized by predominantly meta pelites with minor bands of meta psammites and calc silicates.
These rocks have suffered polyphase deformation and have undergone metamorphism
form green schist facies to almandine-amphibolite facies.
Very fine nature of the rock and the presence of sedimentary structures like flute casts
indicates that the rocks of Sohna area were deposited in deep basins whereas the rocks in the
Mandkola-Kalinjar-Ghata Shamsabad ridge were deposited in Shallow water as indicated by the
presence of current bedding and ripple marks.
Mineralisation the area is mostly in the form of sparse disseminations and specks. Basic
volcanic activity took place in the area as indicated by the presence of Basalt near Mandkola-
Kalinjar.

13
 Further work may be taken up in the area especially around Basai Meo and north of
Ghatwasan for assessment of good quality slates.
Further work may also be carried out in the sand quarries around Arangpur, Pali, west of
Badkhal and Sohna area to ascertain their quality for glass manufacture.

14
 LOCALITY INDEX
Locality Latitude Longitude
Akaira 28°0’48” 77°0’10”
Akbarpur 27°51’35” 77°06’35”
Alipur 28°18’00” 77°03’33”
Aminabad 27°47’45” 77°14’35”
Arangpur 28°27’30” 77°16’00”
Bader 27°48’30” 77°05’20”
Bai-ka-Danda 28°13’30” 77°04’00”
Basai Meo 27°45’25” 77°01’45”
Badshahpur Thetar 28°17’55” 77°10’15”
Bazirpur 27°56’50” 77°06’25”
Bhundsi 28°21’00” 77°04’00”
Bhupawali 27°59’20” 77°07’45”
Bichhor 27°50’40” 77°18’30”
Bighawali 28°05’10” 77°18’30”
Bilowda 27°45’12” 76°55’35”
Bubalheri 27°51’10” 77°18’30”
Chahalka 28°15’50” 77°0’50”
Choharpur 28°08’00” 76°57’15”
Dhadhault Khurd 27°46’00” 76°55’00”
Dhulwat 28°12’30” 77°00’30”
Dunggeja 27°50’48” 77°06’15”
Durechi 28°03’50” 77°09’00”
Faridabad 28°25’00” 77°19’00”
Firozpur Jhirka 27°47’20” 77°14’15”
Ghamarauj 28°19’30” 77°04’00”
Ghata Shamsabad 27°45’15” 77°00’00”
Ghatwasan 27°50’30” 77°03’30”
Ghatal 28°14’10” 76°50’10”
Ghurawali 27°58’25” 77°09’40”
Harchandpur 28°16’00” 77°08’30”
Hathin 77°14’45”
Indri 28°11’10” 77°05’45”
Jaurasi 28°14’10” 76°54’40”
Kasan 28°21’30” 76°54’10”
Kalinjar 28°00’20” 77°08’10”
Khanpur 28°11’45” 77°05’20”
Khori Khurd 28°13’50” 76°53’00”
Khori kalan 28°12’50” 76°52’55”
Khor 28°11’40” 77°02’00”
Kota Khandeola 28°19’20” 76°58’15”
Luhinga Kalan 27°49’25” 77°04’35”
Luhinga Khurd 27°49’25” 77°04’35”
Mahauli 27°45’25” 76°57’00”
Mahun 27°50’00” 77°02’30”
Mailawas 28°09’30” 77°05’00”
Malab 28°02’12” 77°00’48”
Mandkola 28°08’15” 77°11’00”
15
Locality Latitude Longitude
Mandnaka 28°06’00” 77°11’00”
Meoli Kalan 28°02’30” 76°58’20”
Nangala Mubarikpur 27°53’15” 76°57’45”
Nurpur 28°08’40” 76°57’40”
Nuh 28°06’10” 77°00’12”
Palia 28°07’25” 76°58’40”
Pali 28°22’30” 77°15’40”
Phonda Kabas
Raipur 28°13’30” 77°02’50”
Raisina 28°18’00” 77°01’30”
Rathiwas 28°14’30” 76°47’20”
Ritharu 27°57’45” 77°06’25”
Rojka 28°12’25” 77°03’15”
Safaddi 27°52’10” 77°05’45”
Shikarpur 28°12’40” 76°50’15”
Sohna 28°14’30” 77°04’15”
Taharki 28°12’20” 78°14’00”
Tapkan 28°07’50” 76°59’20”

16
 14. REFERENCES
1. Chatterjee, A and Report on the investigation for Aesenopyrite in Gurgaon District,
Mathur, S.K. (1974- Haryana (un-Publihsed G.S.I report)
75,75-76)
2. Chatterjee A and Progress report on the investigation for Arsenopyrite and other
Mathur, S.K. mineral in part of Gurgaon District, Haryana (un-published G.S.I.
report).
3. Hacket, C.A. (1877) Note on the Aravalli in north eastern Rajputana. Rec.Geol. Surv.
Ind., Vol. X, Pt., 2.
4. Heron, A.M. (1917) The geology of the north eastern Rajputana and adjacent districts.
Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind; Vol. XIV, Pt.1.
5. Krishnawamy, V.S. et Progress report on the multidisciplinary exploration of the Sohna
al. (1981) geothermal area, district Gurgaon Haryana. (First phase of exloration
Apirl, 1974 to March, 1976). ( Un-published G.S.I. Report).
6. Mall, R.P. & Das, L.K. A report on the preliminary Geophysical investigation for rsenopryte
in Firozpur-Jhirka area, Distt. Gurgaon, Haryana (un-published
G.S.I. report).
7. Prasad, Mangla (1973- Geological Mapping in parts of Gurgaon distt. Haryana (un-
74) published G.S.I. report).
8. Prasad, Mangala (1974- Report on the systematic geological mapping in parts of Gurgaon
75) distt: Haryana. (un-published G.S.I. report).
9. Ram, Kashi & Prasad, (a) Report on investigation for clay in Gurgaon district, Haryana.
Mangla (1969-70) (un-published G.S.I. report).
10. Ram, Kashi & Singh, Report on the investigation of gossan zones near Firozpur Khirka
Ravi, (1970-71) Gurgaon district, Haryana (un-published, G.S.I. report).
11. Sah, D.L. & Roy, S.C. Report on the geological and geomorphological studies in parts of
Gurgaona and Rohtak distt: Haryana (un-published G.S.I. report).
12. Singh, Ravi & Reddy, Report on investigation for Arsenopyrite mineralisation in parts of
K.P. (1972-73) Gurgaon district. (un-published G.S.I. report).
13. Singh, Ravi & Report on the investigation of district (un-published G.S.I. report).
Chatterjee, A (1973-74)
14. Srivastava, J.P. (1956) Report on the investigation of clay gypsum, and precious stones in
Gurgaon district. (un-published G.S.I. report).
15. Srivastava, J.P. (1959) Report on the preliminary investigation of Kankar deposits for the
manufacture of cement in Gurgaon distt: Punjab (un-published G.S.I.
report).
16. Srivastava, J.P. (1958) Report of the investigation of China clay, quartz and friable quartzite
in Gurgaon district, Punjab (un-published G.S.I. report).
17. Srivastava, S.K. A note on the occurrence of iron and sulphur in the Gurgaon district,
(1958) Punjab. (un-published G.S.I. report).
18. Sharma, A.R. (1971- Report on the geological mapping with special reference to the
72,72-73) mineral occurrences in parts of Firozpur Jhirka tehsil, Gurgaon
district, Haryana (un-published G.S.I. report).
19. Tewari, A.P. (1972- Report on the geological mapping in parts of Gurgaoan district,
73) Haryana (un-published G.S.I. report).

17
 Appendix-I

RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES

(FIELD SEASON 1985-86)

Sl. Sample Rock Type Location Cu Pb Zn Ni Co Ag As
No. No. (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
1. JD-8 Pyritiferous S of Sohna ∠25 ∠50 50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠10 ∠50
Quartzite
2. JD-14 Quartzites with S of Sohna 25 “ 50 “ “ ∠50
white altered
mineral
3. JD-98 Pyritiferous NE of ∠25 ” 50 “ “ ∠50
Quartzite Khor
4. JD-124 Pyritiferous N of Indri ∠25 “ 50 “ “ ∠50
grey Quartzite
5. JD-158 Quartzite with Nand NW 25 “ 50 “ 50 ∠50
white altered of Basai
material and Khor
6. JD-160 Pyritiferous Nand NW ∠25 “ 50 “ 50 ∠50
Quartzite of Basaia
and Khor
7. JD-169 Limonitic Basaia & 225 “ 150 50 25 ∠50
cherty Rock Mahawan
8. JD-189 Pyritiferous S of 25 “ 50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
Quartzite Dhulawat
9. JD- Quartzite, Nurpur ∠25 “ 50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
377A polymodala
with white
material
10. JD-377B Pyritiferous Nurpur 50 50 50 25 ∠25 ∠50
Quartzite
11. JD-381 Pyritiferous Nurpur 25 ∠50 50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
Quartzite
12 JD-419 Specks of white W of ∠25 “ ∠50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
. Material Sonkhand
Sulphide
bearing
13. JD-425 Highly pitted N and W 50 “ ∠50 25 ∠25 ∠50
quartzite of Ralla W
Sulphide of Palri,
bearing Naglah
14. JD-464 Grey Quartzite Chandigarh 25 “ ∠50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
Sulphide W of Palri,
bearing Naglah
15. JD-465 Quartzite Chandigarh ∠25 “ 50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
16. JD-501 Sulphide Around ∠25 “ 100m 25 ∠25 ∠50
bearing Baraeiji
Quartzite
17. JD-508 Sulphide Around ∠25 “ 100 25 ∠25 ∠50
bearing Baraeiji
Quartzite
18. JD-616 Sulphide W of ∠25 ∠50 50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
bearing Kandali
Quartzite
19. JD-627 Pyritiferous -do- ∠25 “ 100 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
Quartzite
20. JD-635 Quartzite And ∠25 “ 50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠10 ∠50
Chagas

18
Sl. Sample Rock Type Location Cu Pb Zn Ni Co Ag As
No. No. (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm)
21. JD-637 Quartzite W of 25 “ 50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠10 ∠50
Sulphide Muthan
bearing and
Ghagas
22. JD-655 Sulphide W of 150 “ 100 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
bearing Ghagas
Quartzite. and Nautki
23. JD-694 Quartzite with W of Patan 100 0.32% ∠50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
Malachite
stains
24. JD-704 Sulphide SW of 150 ∠50 50 50 50 ∠50
bearing Patkhori
Quartzite.
25. JD-707 Limonitic SW of 50 50 50 100 ∠25 ∠75
Sheared Patkhori
Quartzite
26. JD-767 Quartzite with W of 25 ∠50 ∠50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
Malachite Hasanpur
stains an
Bilonda
27. JD-815 Sulphide W of 50 ∠50 50 ∠25 ∠25 150
bearing Bhond
Quartzite.
28. JD-846 Sulphide W and SW 75 ∠50 ∠50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠50
bearing of Thir
Quartzite. Temple
29. JD-860C Ferruginous Jhir 50 ∠50 ∠50 ∠25 ∠25 125
sheared Temple
Quartzite with Section
white oval
bodies.
30. JD-X63 Pyritiferous W and E of ∠25 ∠50 ∠50 ∠25 ∠25 ∠10 ∠50
Quartzite. Phonda ka
Bas.

19
 Appendix-II
Sl. No. Sample No. Location Rak Type As (ppm)
1. JD-8 S of Sohna Pyritiferous Quartzite ∠20
2. JD-14 S of Sohna Quartzites with white altered material “
3. JD-124 N of Indri Pyritiferous grey quartzite “
4. JD-158 N & NW of Basai & Khor Quartzite with white altered material “
5. HD-160 N & NW of Basai & Khor Pyritiferous quartzite “
6. JD-169 Basai ‘Mahawan Limonitic cherty rock “
7. JD-189 S of Dhylawat Pyritiferous quartzite “
8. JD-377A Nurpur Quartzite, Pdymodal with white material “
9. JD-381 Nurpur Pyritiferous Quartzite “
10. JD-419 W of Sonkh & Biwan Grey quartzite with spects of white “
material
11. JD-425 N and W of Palla Sulphide bearing highly pitted quartzite. “
12. JD-464 W of Palri, Naglah and Sulphide bearing grey Quartzite “
Chandigarh
13. JD-465 W of Palri, Naglah and Sulphide bearing quartzite “
Chandigarh
14. JD-501 Around Baranji Sulphide bearing quartzite “
15. JD-508 Around –do- Sulphide bearing quartzite “
16. JD-616 W of Kausali Sulphide bearing quartzite “
17. JD-635 W of Multhan Ghagas Sulphide bearing quartzite “
18. JD-637 W of Multhan & Ghagas Sulphide bearing quartzite “
19. JD-642 W of Ghagas & Nautki Pyritiferous quartzite “

20. JD-655 W of Ghagas & Nautki Sulphide bearing quartzite “

21. JD-694 W of Patan 8 Quartzite with Malachite stains. “
22. JD-704 SW of Patkhori Sulphide bearing quartzite “
23. JD-707 SW of Patkhori Limonitic sheared quartzite 60
24. JD-367 W of Hasanpur & Bilonda Quartzite with Malachite ∠20
25. JD-815 W of Bhond Sulphide bearing quartzite 160
26. JD-846 W and SW of Jhir Temple Sulphide bearing quartzite ∠20
27. JD-860C Jhir Temple Section Ferruginous Sheared quartzite with white 60
oval bodies.
28. JD-X63 Wand E of Phonda Kas Bas. Pyritiferous Quartzite ∠20

20
 Appendix-III
Sl. Sample Location Na+ K+ Ca%++ HCo3 Co3 C1’ So4 No3
No. No. % % % %
1. JD-K-1 N of Khanpur 16.75 200 0.46 0.25 Nil 2.63 34.28 ∠0.005
2. JD-K-2 NE of Khanpur 10.00 100 0.86 0.21 Nil 3.64 19.35 0.005
3. JD-K-3 E of Badelaki 11.70 120 1.20 0.26 Nil 1.21 26.70 ∠0.005
4. JD-K-4 S of Malab 1.25 135 3.92 0.44 Nil 1.19 1.66 “
5. JD-K-5 S of Malab 1.75 185 2.86 0.37 Nil 2.58 2.93 “
6. JD-K-6 SSW of Alwalpur 0.18 500 0.52 0.23 Nil 2.75 0.23 “

21
 Appendix-IV
Sl. Sample Location ∠.01 % % % % % % % %
No. No. SiO2 Fe2 O3 Tio2 Al 2 O3 CaO MgO Na2 O K2 O
1. JD-R36 Kota-Khandeola 10.12 54.00 4.17 1.15 30.12 0.50 0.20 0.18 0.016
2. JD-R- Kota-Khandeola 13.44 41.90 2.53 2.88 38.75 0.34 0.04 0.20 0.025
36A
3. JD-R-36b Kota-Khandeola 16.76 40.30 2.72 0.63 37.73 0.91 0.41 0.20 0.030
4. JD-R-26 Ghamrauj 11.29 51.20 3.09 0.17 33.64 0.34 0.16 0.11 0.35
5. JD-R42 Kasan 2.68 60.74 0.51 0.05 21.76 1.00 0.24 0.82 12.10
6. JD-R44B W of Badshahpur 8.50 50.82 1.69 2.15 25.82 4.90 1.15 0.42 5.08
7. JD-R 47 Arangpur 11.98 49.04 1.41 0.20 33.37 0.91 0.41 0.23 2.17

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