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MODULE 5 STEM 3

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10 views

MODULE 5 STEM 3

Uploaded by

Cajalne MaryClaire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE IN STEM 3

Basic Calculus

CONTENT: CHAPTER IV. HIGHER DERIVATIVES


Lesson 1. Higher Order Derivatives of a Function
Lesson 2. The Differentiation Rules for Logarithmic Functions

LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
At the end of the week, learners are expected to:
1. compute higher-order derivatives of functions (STEM_BC11D-IIIh-1); and
2. solve problems involving logarithmic functions using implicit differentiation (STEM_BC11D-IIIi-j-1).

LEARNING RESOURCES:
1. Comandante, F. (2005). Differential Calculus Made Easy (Metric Edition). National Bookstore.
2. Commission on Higher Education. Teaching Guide for Senior High School Basic Calculus. EC-TEC
Commercial.
3. Mercado, J. (2016). Next Century Mathematics Basic Calculus. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
4. Pagala, R. and Valderama, M. (2018). Basic Calculus for Senior High School. Mindshapers Co., Inc.

DISCUSSION:
Lesson 1. Higher Order Derivatives of a Function
Higher order derivatives are derivatives higher than the first derivative. The derivative of a given
differentiable function is called first derivative. This first derivative of the given function is also a function and
the derivative of the first derivative is called second derivative. The derivative of the second derivative is called
third derivative, and so on.

The following notations may be used for higher order derivatives.


NOTATIONS FOR HIGHER DERIVATIVES
Second Derivative Third Derivative Fourth Derivative
𝑓′′(𝑥) 𝑓′′′(𝑥) 𝑓 𝑖𝑣 (𝑥)
𝑦′′ 𝑦′′′ 𝑦 𝑖𝑣
2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑3𝑦 𝑑4𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 4
𝐷𝑥2 (𝑦) 𝐷𝑥3 (𝑦) 𝐷𝑥4 (𝑦)

Example 1. Find the first, second, third and fourth derivative of 𝑦 = 3𝑥 4 − 5𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 8


Solution:
a. First derivative
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′ = (3𝑥 4 ) − (5𝑥 3 ) + (4𝑥 2 ) − (𝑥) + (8)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦′ = 4(3)𝑥 4−1 − 3(5)𝑥 3−1 + 2(4)𝑥 2−1 − 1 + 0
𝑦′ = 12𝑥 3 − 15𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 1

b. Second derivative
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′′ = (12𝑥 3 ) − (15𝑥 2 ) + (8𝑥) − (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
3−1 2−1
𝑦′′ = 3(12)𝑥 − 2(15)𝑥 +8−0
′ 2
𝑦 ′ = 36𝑥 − 30𝑥 + 8

c. Third derivative
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′′′ = (36𝑥 2 ) − (30𝑥) + (8)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ′ ′′ = 2(36)𝑥 2−1 − 30 + 0
𝑦′′′ = 72𝑥 − 30

Page 1 of 4
d. Fourth derivative
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 𝑖𝑣 = (72𝑥) − (30)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑖𝑣 = 72

4
Example 2. Find the first, second, and third derivative of 𝑦 = 5 cos(𝑥) + − 3𝑥
(𝑥+6)2
Solution:
Transform the equation into 𝑦 = 5 cos(𝑥) + 4(𝑥 + 6)−2 − 3𝑥
a. First derivative
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 ′ = 5 (cos 𝑥) + 4 (𝑥 + 6)−2 − (3𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′ = 5 (−sin 𝑥) (𝑥) +4(−2)(𝑥 + 6)−2−1 (𝑥 + 6) − 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦′ = −5 sin(𝑥) − 8(𝑥 + 6)−3 − 3

b. Second derivative
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′′ = −5 sin(𝑥) − 8 (𝑥 + 6)−3 − (3)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′′ = −5 cos(𝑥) (𝑥) − 8(−3)(𝑥 + 6)−3−1 (𝑥 + 6) − 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
′′ −4
𝑦 = −5 cos(𝑥) + 24(𝑥 + 6)

c. Third derivative
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦′′′ = −5 cos(𝑥) + 24 (𝑥 + 6)−4
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑦 = −5 (−sin 𝑥) (𝑥) + 24(−4)(𝑥 + 6)−4−1
′′′ (𝑥 + 6)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦′′′ = 5 sin(𝑥) + 96(𝑥 + 6)−5
96
𝑦′′′ = 5 sin(𝑥) +
(𝑥 + 6)5

Lesson 2. The Differentiation Rules for Logarithmic Functions


If u is a differentiable function of x, then according to chain rule:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
ln 𝑢 = ln 𝑢 ∙ (𝑢)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑
ln 𝑢 = ∙ (𝑢)
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥

If u is a differentiable function of x, then


𝑑 1 𝑑
(log 𝑏 𝑢) = ∙ (𝑢)
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 ln 𝑏 𝑑𝑥

Example 1. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = ln(5𝑥)


Solution:
𝑦 = ln(5𝑥)
1 𝑑
𝑦′ = ∙ (5𝑥)
5𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦′ = (5)
5𝑥
5
𝑦′ =
5𝑥
1
𝑦′ =
𝑥

Example 2. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = ln(5𝑥 2 )


Solution:
𝑦 = ln(5𝑥 2 )

Page 2 of 4
1 𝑑
𝑦′ = ∙ (5𝑥 2 )
5𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦′ = 2 (10𝑥)
5𝑥
10𝑥
𝑦′ = 2
5𝑥
2
𝑦′ =
𝑥

Example 3. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 3 + 4)


Solution:
𝑦 = ln(𝑥 3 + 4)
1 𝑑 3
𝑦′ = 3 ∙ (𝑥 + 4)
𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦′ = 3 (3𝑥 2 )
𝑥 +4
3𝑥 2
𝑦′ = 3
𝑥 +4

Example 4. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = ln(4 − 5𝑥)


Solution:
𝑦 = ln(4 − 5𝑥)
1 𝑑
𝑦′ = ∙ (4 − 5𝑥)
4 − 5𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦′ = (−5)
4 − 5𝑥
−5
𝑦′ =
4 − 5𝑥

Example 5. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = ln(2𝑥 3 + 5)


Solution:
𝑦 = ln(2𝑥 3 + 5)
1 𝑑
𝑦′ = 3 ∙ (2𝑥 3 + 5)
2𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦′ = 3 (6𝑥 2 )
2𝑥 + 5
6𝑥 2
𝑦′ = 3
2𝑥 + 5

Example 6. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = ln(4𝑥)2


Solution:
𝑦 = ln(4𝑥)2
𝑑
𝑦′ = 2 ln(4𝑥) ∙ ln(4𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑
𝑦′ = 2 ln(4𝑥) ∙ (4𝑥)
4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦′ = 2 ln(4𝑥) ∙ (4)
4𝑥
4
𝑦′ = 2 ln(4𝑥) ∙
4𝑥
1
𝑦′ = 2 ln(4𝑥) ∙
𝑥
2 ln(4𝑥)
𝑦′ =
𝑥

Example 7. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = ln(sin 𝑥)


Solution:
𝑦 = ln(sin 𝑥)

Page 3 of 4
Based on the Trigonometric Identities (Review Module on Pre-
Calculus)
cos 𝑥
1 𝑑
𝑦′ = ∙ (sin 𝑥)
sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦′ = (cos 𝑥)
sin 𝑥
cos 𝑥
𝑦′ =
sin 𝑥
𝑦′ = cot 𝑥

Example 8. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = log 2 (5𝑥)


Solution:
𝑦 = log 2 (5𝑥)
1 𝑑
𝑦′ = ∙ (5𝑥)
5𝑥 ln 2 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦′ = ∙ (5)
5𝑥 ln 2
5
𝑦′ =
5𝑥 ln 2
1
𝑦′ =
𝑥 ln 2

Example 9. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = log 2 (6𝑥 + 5)


Solution:
𝑦 = log 2 (6𝑥 + 5)
1 𝑑
𝑦′ = ∙ (6𝑥 + 5)
(6𝑥 + 5) ln 2 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦′ = ∙ (6)
(6𝑥 + 5) ln 2
6
𝑦′ =
(6𝑥 + 5) ln 2
6
𝑦′ =
6𝑥 ln 2 + 5 ln 2

Example 10. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = log 3 (5𝑥 2 + 4)


Solution:
𝑦 = log 2 (5𝑥 2 + 4)
1 𝑑
𝑦′ = 2 ∙ (5𝑥 2 + 4)
(5𝑥 + 4) ln 3 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑦′ = 2 ∙ (10𝑥)
(5𝑥 + 4) ln 3
10𝑥
𝑦′ =
(5𝑥 2 + 4) ln 3
10𝑥
𝑦′ = 2
5𝑥 ln 3 + 4 ln 3

Prepared by: Approved by:

MELVIN U. ESTOLERO, LPT AISEN FAITH C. MARRERO, LPT, MPA


Teacher Principal, Senior High School

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