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4 views

General Mid

note

Uploaded by

Amanuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1. Which is a limitation of survey methods for psychological research?

(A) May not be used with children and illiterates


(B) Access to large samples
(C) Information about non-observable behaviors
(D) Relatively low cost
2. Marc, a psychology major, collected survey data about the number of hours that college
students study for finals and their grades on those finals. His data indicates that students who
spend more time studying for finals tend to do better than other students. What can Marc now
conclude?
(A) Studying improves a student’s grade on a final exam.
(B) A relationship exists between studying and exam grades.
(C) A significant relationship exists between studying and grades.
(D) Students who do not study for final exams will not do well on those exams.
3. Which of the following coefficients of a correlation indicate the weakest relationship between
two variables?
(A) 0.51
(B) −0.28
(C) 0.08
(D) −1.00
4. The observation in a classroom that the higher the room temperature, the lower student
performance would be an example of:
(A) Negative correlation
(B) Zero correlation
(C) Positive correlation
(D) Independent correlation
(E) Dependent correlation
5. In an experiment, Sydney is going to investigate how alcohol affects aggression. The number
of alcoholic drinks the subject has is called:
(A) Controlled variable
(B) Independent variable
(C) Dependent variable
(D) Experimental variable
6. Motor development in babies develops in a proximodistal fashion. This is best described as:
(A) From nearest to the center of the body to the farthest from the center
(B) From the top of the head to the bottom of the feet
(C) From the farthest from the center to the nearest to the center
(D) From the bottom of the body to the top of the body
7. According to Jean Piaget, what type of learning do individuals acquire during the formal
operational stage?
(A) Abstract thought
(B) Symbolism
(C) Memorization skills
(D) Visual learning
8. One major difference between assimilation and accommodation is that assimilation is a
process by which children
(A) Use old methods to deal with new situations
(B) Change their thought process to meet the needs of their world
(C) Gain an understanding of the world around them
(D) Shape their lives based on learned observations
9. During a discussion in class regarding cheating in school, a student argues, “Cheating is
wrong; it is important to follow rules.” Lawrence Kohlberg would say this student is in what
stage of moral development?
(A) Pre-conventional
(B) Conventional
(C) Post-conventional
(D) Nonconventional
10. According to Sigmund Freud, what is the correct order of the five psychosexual stages of
development?
(A) Oral, anal, phallic, early, genital
(B) Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
(C) Anal, phallic, latency, genital, oral
(D) Genital, oral, latency, phallic, anal
11. If individuals successfully solve their problems during each stage of life, they will develop
good social traits. If they do not, their problem-solving skills will be hindered, causing new
problems at the next stage. Which psychologist(s) would agree with this statement?
(A) Freud
(B) Piaget
(C) Erikson
(D) A and B
12. Study results showed that the greater amount of physical exercise an individual gets is
associated with higher scores on a quality of life scale. How are these two variables related?
(A) There is a large variance.
(B) There is a small variance.
(C) The variables are negatively correlated.
(D) The variables are positively correlated.
13. A researcher who watches social behavior of children at a town pool in order to explore
perceived temperament and social interactions is using which research method?
(A) Case study
(B) Naturalistic observation
(C) Experimental design
(D) Laboratory observation
14. Which of the following is NOT a purpose of psychological sciences?
(A) To further understand behaviors
(B) To inform the practice of psychology
(C) To describe all aspects of psychological phenomena
(D) To better predict historical outcomes
15. Which type of research methodology helps to establish cause-and-effect relationships?
(A) Experimental design
(B) Naturalistic design
(C) Survey design
(D) Case study
16. A young child who searches for his or her favorite toy under couches, in different rooms, and
all around the house has clearly achieved which piece of cognitive awareness?
(A) Abstract thinking
(B) Conservation
(C) Object permanence
(D) Mental reasoning
17. A child who sees a tiger for the first time and calls it a cat is demonstrating
(A) Egocentrism
(B) Conservation
(C) Accommodation
(D) Assimilation
18. An infant who, when his or her cheek is touched, moves toward the stimulus and makes
sucking motions is displaying the
(A) Sucking reflex
(B) Grasp reflex
(C) Stepping reflex
(D) Swallowing reflex

19. During which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development does a child develop object
permanence?

(A) Sensory-motor stage


(B) Preoperational stage
(C) Concrete operational stage
(D) Formal operational stage

20. Which statement describes an individual in Kohlberg’s pre-conventional stage of moral


development?
(A) A 10-year-old cleans his room because he wants to.
(B) A 10-year-old cleans his room because it is the right thing to do.
(C) A 10-year-old refuses to clean his room to assert some autonomy.
(D) A 10-year-old cleans his room in order to be seen as a good boy.

21. Which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development is characterized in part by egocentric


thought?
(A) Sensory-motor stage
(B) Preoperational stage
(C) Concrete operational stage
(D) Formal operational stage

22. ___________________is to Piaget’s formal operational stage ___________________ as is to


Piaget’s concrete operational stage.
(A) Concrete thinking; abstract thinking
(B) Abstract thinking; concrete thinking
(C) Language development; egocentric thinking
(D) Concrete thinking; egocentric thinking

23. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, what is the first stage that
involves feeding and caregiver attachment?
(A) Identity vs. role confusion
(B) Industry vs. inferiority
(C) Trust vs. mistrust
(D) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
24. Which of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development occurs during adulthood and
includes social relationships as a key factor?
(A) Industry versus inferiority
(B) Identity versus role confusion
(C) Intimacy versus isolation

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