Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

Application of Geomatics Technologies and Machine

Learning in Assessing Phytomass of Alfa and Rosemary

Stands in the Moroccan Oriental Region

--Manuscript Draft--

Manuscript Number: COMPAG-D-24-05560

Article Type: Research Paper

Keywords: achine learning; Phytomass; Stipa tenacissima L; Rosmarinus officinalis; Eastern

Corresponding Author: Amine AOUKACH, M.D

National forestry School of engineers
Rabat-Sale, Rabat MOROCCO

First Author: Amine AOUKACH, M.D

Order of Authors: Amine AOUKACH, M.D

Khalid Nafil

Fouad Mounir

Abstract: Stipa tenacissima L. and Rosmarinus officinalis stands located in eastern Morocco,
specifically in the province of Guercif, play a crucial role in environmental functions, in-
cluding carbon sequestration, combating desertification, and providing a source of
income
for nearby local populations. However, previous studies evaluating the phytomass of
these
stands have been limited or based on arbitrary estimations and traditional inventories.
This study employed machine learning algorithms to estimate the phytomass of these
stands. We compared three algorithms for land cover classification to identify the most
suitable method for generating density maps. For phytomass modeling, field data was
used to train predictive and explanatory models based on satellite imagery (Sentinel-1,
Sentinel-2, and SRTM). The study’s findings reveal the following: (1) the neural
network
algorithm demonstrated superior accuracy in land cover classification for the province,
achieving a kappa index of 76%, followed by RF (62%) and SmileCART (53%). (2) The
total area of rosemary stands was estimated at 19,000 ha with an estimated total phy-
tomass of 54,287 tonnes, while alfa stands covered an estimated 102,016 ha with a
total
estimated phytomass of 1,175,842 tonnes. (3) Phytomass modeling using RF and NN
algorithms yielded significant scores. The predictive models achieved an R² of 0.67
and
0.24 for rosemary and alfa, respectively. For explanatory models, RF and NN
algorithms
produced scores of 0.22 and 0.27 for rosemary, and 0.23 and 0.26 for alfa. The models
predict phytomass values ranging from 0.79 to 2.97 t/ha for rosemary stands and 9.79
to 13.15 t/ha for alfa stands. These findings provide valuable insights into the
ecological
importance of these stands and highlight the potential of machine learning for accurate
and efficient phytomass estimation.

Suggested Reviewers: Kai Liu

[email protected]

Dimitrios S. Paraforos
[email protected]

Alireza Pourreza
[email protected]

Ferdous Sohel

Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation
 [email protected]

Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation
AOUKACH Amine
Ecole Nationale Forestière d'Ingénieurs, Salé, Maroc.
Rabat, 15000
[email protected]
+212 7 71076557
17/09/2024

Éditeur en chef : Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

Objet : Soumission de l’article scientifique intitulé « Application of

Geomatics Technologies and Machine Learning in Assessing Phytomass of
Alfa and Rosemary Stands in the Moroccan Oriental Region »

Madame, Monsieur,

Je vous écris pour soumettre mon manuscrit intitulé « Application of Geomatics Technologies
and Machine Learning in Assessing Phytomass of Alfa and Rosemary Stands in the
Moroccan Oriental Region» pour une publication dans le journal Computers and Electronics
in Agriculture. Ce travail, qui s’inscrit dans le domaine de la foresterie de précision et de
l’application des technologies informatiques et spatiales dans les formations steppiques, explore
la combinaison de l'apprentissage automatique et l'analyse spatial pour répondre à des besoins
que les gestionnaires forestiers font face.

Dans cet article, nous présentons une approche pour l'exploitation de la large données des
images satellitaires pour le suivi et l'évaluation de la couverture végétale notamment
l'estimation de la phytomasse des steppes dans les milieu aride et semi-aride, et nous croyons
que ces découvertes apportent une contribution substantielle à la compréhension et à
l'optimisation de ces écosystèmes particuliers.

Nous pensons que Computers and Electronics in Agriculture est le cadre idéal pour la
publication de notre travail, compte tenu de l’accent mis par le journal sur les innovations en
technologie et en informatique appliquées à la foresterie et l'agriculture en général. Notre
recherche s’aligne avec les objectifs du journal et devrait intéresser ses lecteurs.

Le manuscrit est original et n’a pas été publié ailleurs, ni soumis à d'autres journaux pour
publication. Nous avons inclus tous les éléments requis pour la soumission.
Nous vous remercions par avance pour le temps que vous consacrerez à l'examen de notre
travail. Nous restons à votre disposition pour toute information complémentaire et serions ravis
de répondre à toute question que vous pourriez avoir concernant notre soumission.

Veuillez agréer, Madame, Monsieur, l'expression de mes salutations distinguées.

AOUKACH Amine

Eleve Ingénieur Forestier

Ecole Nationale Forestière d'Ingénieurs, Salé, Maroc.

 Application of geomatics technologies and machine learning for phytomass
assessment: The study utilizes geomatics technologies and machine learning algorithms to
estimate phytomass in alfa and rosemary stands in the Oriental region of Morocco.

 Comparison of three land cover classification algorithms: The study compares three land
cover classification algorithms (neural networks, SmileCART, and Random Forest) to identify
the most suitable for generating density maps. Neural networks are found to be the most
accurate.

 Development of predictive and explanatory models: The study develops both predictive and
explanatory models for phytomass estimation. Predictive models generate predictions for
new data, while explanatory models help understand the factors influencing phytomass.

 Variable importance assessment: The study assesses the importance of different variables in
the machine learning models, identifying the most crucial factors for predicting phytomass.

 Significant results for both alfa and rosemary: The study reports significant findings for both
alfa and rosemary stands. The total area of alfa stands is estimated at 102,016 hectares with
a total estimated phytomass of 1,175,842 tonnes. The total area of rosemary stands is
estimated at 19,000 hectares with a total estimated phytomass of 54,287 tonnes.

 Importance of data integration: The study highlights the importance of integrating satellite
and field data to improve the accuracy of phytomass estimation models.
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Declaration of interests

☐The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships
that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

☒The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered
as potential competing interests:

AMINE AOUKACH reports administrative support, equipment, drugs, or supplies, and writing
assistance were provided by Castro Service Pro. Fouad Mounir reports a relationship with National
forestry School of engineers that includes: consulting or advisory and non-financial support. NAFIL
khalid reports a relationship with Mohammed V University of Rabat National School of Computer
Science and Systems Analysis that includes: consulting or advisory and non-financial support. If there
are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Click here to access/download
Supplementary Material
cas-dc.cls
Click here to access/download
Supplementary Material
cas-sc.cls